Tribo electric nano generator (TENG)

Triboelectric nanogeneratorsas a Self-Powered Communication Unit forProcessing and Transmitting Information

ASHIK.S.R

[email protected]

Electronics Engineering

Central Polytechnic College

tangibility by ask™

Battery Limited lifetime

Replace when out of power

Huge amount of batteries - recycling of these batteries become a major task

causes environmental issues if the chemicals for making the batteries leak out

Self-powered systemsEnergy harvested from the working environment of the device to power directly the device

Ultrasensitive chemical and bimolecular sensors

Micro-electromechanical systems

Remote and mobile environmental sensors

Home security

Portable/wearable personal electronics

TENG


Effectively convert mechanical energy

into electricity.

Conjunction of triboelectrificationand electrostatic

induction.

High output power.Based on

conventional organic materials.

Very low costs.

TENG(Triboelectric nanogenerator)

Fig 1.a Structure

TENG


Distinctive output performance in response to

different frequencies.

Establish some working bands for selectively

identifying some special signals for delivering

information.

Information transmission -Optical communication

technique

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A material becomes electrically charged after it contacts a different material through

friction.

o A chemical bond is formed between some

parts of the two surfaces when two different

materials come in contact –”adhesion”

o Charges move from one material to other to

equalize their electrochemical potential.

o The transferred charges can be electrons or

may be ions/molecules.

o When separated, some of the bonded atoms

have a tendency to keep extra electron or

tendency to give them away.

o Thus triboelectric charges produced on the

surface.

o The presence of these charges on dielectric

surfaces can be a force for driving electrons in

the electrode.

Triboelectric effect

Fig 1.b Mechanism

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Fundamental principle modes of triboelectricnanogenerators


Vertical contact separation mode

o Two dissimilar dielectric films

face with each other.

o Electrodes deposited on the top

and the bottom surfaces of the

stacked structure.

o Contact between the two

dielectric films creates oppositely

charged surfaces.

o Once the two surfaces are

separated by a small gap by the

lifting of an external force, a

potential drop is created.

o Two electrodes are electrically

connected by a load.

o Free electrons in one electrode

would flow to the other electrode.

o Once the gap is closed, the

triboelectriccharge created

potential disappears and the

electrons flow back.

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Lateral sliding modeo A relative sliding in parallel

to the surface also creates

triboelectric charges on the

two surfaces.

o Lateral polarization - along

the sliding direction.

o A periodic sliding apart and

closing generates an AC

output.

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Single electrode mode

o Electrode on the bottom part of the

TENG is grounded.

o Electron exchanges between the

bottom electrode and the ground.

o This energy harvesting strategy can

be in both contact-separation mode

and contact-sliding mode.

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Freestanding triboelectric layer modeo Pair of symmetric electrodes

underneath a dielectric layer.

o Size of the electrodes and the gap

distance between them are of the

same order as the size of the

moving object.

o The object's approach to or

departure from the electrodes

creates an asymmetric charge

distribution in the media.

o The oscillation of the electrons

between the paired electrodes

produces power.

o The moving object does not have

to touch directly the top dielectric

layer of the electrodes so that, in

rotation mode, free rotation is

possible without direct mechanical

contact.

o This is a good approach for

extending the durability of the

TENGs.

o Harvesting of energy from human

walking, freely moving object

without an electric connection.

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Typical photographs of some triboelectric

nanogenerators fabricated for harvesting:

(a) finger tapping energy

(b) air-flow/wind energy

(c) relative in-plane sliding energy

(d) enclosed cage for harvesting

oscillating/disturbing energy in water or

mechanical vibration

(e) fabric for harvesting body motion energy

(f) transparent TENG for harvesting energy in

touch pad

(g) foot/hand pressing energy

(h) water impact energy

(i) cylindrical rotation energy

(j) shoe insole for walking energy

(k) flexible grating structure for harvesting

sliding energy

(l) disc shape rotation energy.

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Triboelectric Nanogenerator as a Self-Powered Communication


o Environmental triggering signals into binary digital signals

o Drove the electronic−optical device to transmit binary digital

data real-time without an external power supply.

o Bandwidth from 1.30 to 1.65 kHz.

o Identify specific trigger information and filter out other noise - selectivity of information transmissiono The effective electrical power reached a maximum value of 18.38 μW with a load resistance of 0.29 MΩ at 1.50

kHz.

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o optimize the frequency selectivity.

o enhance output performance.

o collect both energy and information from sound waves.

Membrane structuredTENGoperates in the contact-

separation mode

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The membrane-structured TENG consisted of two triboelectric layers

made by different materials.

polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE) film with a

deposited copper (Cu) thin film as the back

electrode

copper thin film deposited on top of a

Kapton film


The surface modification on PTFE inductively coupled plasma (ICP) reactive ion etching

optimized uniformly distributed nanowire

features, significantly increase the surface

roughness and the effective surface area of

the TENG for effective triboelectrification.

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o An acoustic generator - source of the trigger signal

o frequency of the generated signal - modulated by software.

o Due to the wave character of sound propagation, a corresponding acoustic pressure

separated the PTFE thin film away from the Cu contact face.

As a result

• the positive triboelectric charges and the negative ones no longer

coincided on the same plane.

• an inner dipole moment between the two contact surfaces was consequently generated.

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TENG only responded to the trigger signal

with a frequency inside the working band.

the different output amplitudes represent

two binary digital signals.

ASK method requires that one of the two

trigger signals must be out of the working

band of the TENG.

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Fig 2 Output performance of the as-fabricated TENG and

the design of a communication system.

(a) Voltage of the TENG.

(b) Current of the TENG.

(c) Dependence of output voltage and output current

(d) Output power density of the TENG as a function of

the applied external load.

(e) Schematic diagram of a communication system based

on the TENG as a self-powered communication unit.

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o Typical ASK and FSK methods were realized through the selective response of TENG to

different Frequencies.

o Two digital signals, that is, “1001” and “0110”, were successfully transmitted and received

through this system, respectively.


If the frequencies of the trigger signals are all located in the working

band of the TENG, the ASK method may not be able to clearly

transmit the information.

Fig 3 Amplitude-shift keying communication mode.

(a) Trigger signal and information will be transmitted.

(b) Corresponding electrical output signal of the TENG.

(c) Received electrical signal by the photoresistor.

the different frequencies also can be used to deliver information. Since the received signals from the

photoresistor always follow the output signal from the TENG, the frequency of the trigger signal will be in good

agreement with the received light signal.

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Fig 4 Frequency-shift keying communication mode.

(a) Trigger signal and information will be transmitted.

(b) Corresponding electrical output signal of the TENG.

(c) Received electrical signal by the photoresistor.

When the frequencies of electrical signals have distinct differences, the

FSK mode can be used to deliver information.

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Advantages and applications


Environmental trigger signals with specific frequencies were harvested as the energy

supply for the whole communication system.

Self-powered transmitter was

very simple

low cost

emitted low radiation

Easily compatible with existing communication modes

Infrared communication

Visible light communication

Near Field Communication(NFC)

The prototype of the communication system, as well as

the implementation method, exhibits a great potential for

applications in smart city, smart home, password

authentication, and so on.

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In Conclusion


o A self-powered communication unit based on two elaborately designed TENGs working in different

frequency regions, where environmental trigger signals with specific frequencies were harvested as the

energy supply for the whole communication system.

o The harvested trigger signals can also be translated into binary digital signals and directly transmitted by the

electronic−optical device without an external power supply.

o A simple but efficient method for directly transmitting ambient vibration to the receiver as digital signals was

established by using the high-frequency selectivity of the TENG and an optical communication technique.

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REFERENCES

(1) Atzori, L.; Iera, A.; Morabito, G. The Internet of Things: A

Survey. Comput. Netw. 2010, 54, 2787−2805.

(2) Bellavista, P.; Cardone, G.; Corradi, A.; Foschini, L. Convergence

of MANET and WSN in IoT Urban Scenarios. IEEE Sens. J. 2013, 13,

3558−3567.

(3) Schaffers, H.; Komninos, N.; Pallot, M.; Trousse, B.; Nilsson, M.;

Oliveira, A. Smart Cities and the Future Internet: Towards

Cooperation Frameworks for Open Innovation. Lecture Notes in

Computer Science 2011, 6656, 431−446.

(4) Wang, Z. L.; Song, J. H. Piezoelectric Nanogenerators Based on

Zinc Oxide Nanowire Arrays. Science 2006, 312, 242−246.

(5) Wang, Z. L. Self-Powered Nanotech - Nanosize Machines Need

Still Tinier Power Plants. Sci. Am. 2008, 298, 82−87.

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Tribo electric nano generator (TENG)

Engineering

Transcript of Tribo electric nano generator (TENG)