Washington State Toxics Monitoring Program: Contaminants ...
Tribal School Air Toxics Monitoring: Nenahnezad
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Tribal School Air Toxics Monitoring: Nenahnezad
Air Quality Control & Operating Permit Program
May 23,2012
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Nenahnezad Boarding School
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Eastern View from Nenahnezad School
Southern View from Nenahnezad School
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Western View from Nenahnezad School
Northern View from Nenahnezad School
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Nenahnezad School Setup
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Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Sampling Setup
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Carbonyl Sampling
Setup
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Local farm area located north of school
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Four Corners Power Plant located 5 miles southwest
from the school
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San Juan Generating Station located northwest of the school
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Western Gas Refinery located northeast of
school in Kirtland, NM
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Shiprock is located 24 miles west of school
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April VOC Toxic Sample Results With Reported Concentrations (detected)
Data Results: April 2011
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Data Results: Nov.2010 – Jun. 2011Overall VOC Toxic Sample Results With Reported Concentrations
Acrolein
Benzene
1,3-Butadiene
1,1,2,2-Tetrach
loroethane
1,2,4-Trimethylb
enzene
1,3,5-Trimethylb
enzene
Acetonitr
ile
Acetyl
ene
Carbon disulfide
Carbon tetra
chlorid
e
Chloromethane
Dichlorodifluoromethane
Dichloromethane
Ethylbenzene
m/p Xylene
Methyl ethyl
ketone
Methyl iso
butyl ke
tone
n-Octa
ne
o-Xylene
Propylene
Styrene
Toluene
Trichlorofluoromethane
0.000
0.200
0.400
0.600
0.800
1.000
1.200
ppbv
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April Carbonyl Sample Results Reported Concentrations (detected)
Data Results: April 2011
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Data Results: Nov. 2010 – Jun. 2011Overall Carbonyl Sample Results Reported Concentrations
Acetaldehyde Acetone Benzaldehyde Formaldehyde Propionaldehyde Valeraldehyde Hexanaldehyde0.000
0.500
1.000
1.500
2.000
2.500
3.000
3.500
4.000
ppbv
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Health effect from high concentration of VOC:
• Acetonitrile – Through inhalation
cause irritation of mucous membranes in humans, weakness, nausea, and convulsions.
– Major effects consist of central nervous system, headaches, numbness and tremor.
– Noncancerous.
• Sources/Potential Exposure/ Uses:– Emissions into the air include
manufacturing and industrial facilities, and automobile exhaust.
– Exposed through breathing contaminated air, from smoking tobacco or through skin contact in the workplace.
– Used in chemical laboratories for the detection of materials such as pesticide residues.
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Health effect from high concentration of VOC:
• Acrolein– Toxic to human through
inhalation, oral, or dermal exposures.
– Upper respiratory tract irritation and congestion.
– Noncancerous.
• Sources and Potential Exposure:– Breakdown of certain
pollutants found in outdoor air , from the burning of organic matter including tobacco, from burning of fuels such as gasoline or oil.
– Airborne exposure may occur by contaminated air, by smoking tobacco, nearby vehicle exhaust, or by being near oil or coal fired power plants.
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Health effect from high concentration of VOC:
• Benzene– Inhalation may cause
drowsiness, dizziness, headaches, as well as eye, skin, and respiratory tract irritation, and at high levels, unconsciousness.
– Disorders in the blood: Reduces numbers of red blood cells and aplastic anemia.
– Effects on developing fetus.– Increase incidence of
leukemia.– Group A known human
carcinogen.
• Sources and Potential Exposure:– Emissions from burning coal
and oil, gasoline service stations, motor vehicle exhaust.
– Tobacco smoke contains benzene and accounts for nearly half the national exposure to benzene.
– Individuals may also be exposed to benzene by consuming contaminated water.
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Health effect from high concentration of Carbonyl:
• Acetaldehyde– Short-term: Irritation of
the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract.
– Long-term: Resemble those of alcoholism.
– Probable human carcinogen.
• Sources and Potential Exposure:– Intermediate product of
higher plant respiration and formed as product of incomplete wood combustion in fireplaces and woodstoves, vehicle exhaust fumes, and coal refining and waster processing.
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Health effect from high concentration of Carbonyl:
• Formaldehyde– Human can result in
respiratory symptoms, and eye, nose, and throat irritation.
– Limited human studies reported between lung and nasopharyngeal cancer.
– EPA considered formaldehyde a probable human carcinogen.
• Sources and Potential Exposure:– Predominantly used as a
chemical intermediate.– Minor uses in agriculture, an
analytical reagent, in concrete, fumigants, and disinfectants.
– Major sources appear to be power plants, manufacturing facilities, incinerators and automobile exhaust emissions.
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Roadblocks Encountered:• Sampler Timer not opening at
the start of sample run for the VOC sampler.
• Carbonyl Buck pump not upgraded with updated software. Also pump not ending on the sample end date, samples for 72 hours instead of ending at 24 hours.
• Sonic Anemometer datalogger does not recognize field laptop, so downloading software has been difficult.
• Filling out Chain of Custody Forms, make sure there is a template of one to follow.
• Before samplers are setup at site, run an invalid sample in your office, to work out all the questions or problems, before hand.
• Before sampling, make sure all contact personal information are on hand (field staff).– Who is the individual to contact
for troubleshooting?
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Recommendations:• Report to the school board on
project.– Suggest applying for a grant to evaluate
the high concentration detected.• Inform the community chapter.
– Recommend applying for a grant and evaluate surrounding community activities.
• NNEPA AQCP will be using results to consider permanent sampling of VOC and Carbonyl for future air monitoring site.
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CONTACT INFORMATIONNNEPA AIR QUALITY CONTROL &
OPERATING PERMIT PROGRAMP.O. BOX 529
FORT DEFIANCE, AZ [email protected]
PHONE: (928)729-4246 OR 4096FAX: (928)729-4323 OR 4313