Tribal communities
Transcript of Tribal communities
Tribal Societies
• Features of tribal communities during medieval period • We know very little information. Why ?
• They did not keep written records, preserved orally• They did not let outsiders in to their areas of habitation• They lived in remote areas such as dense forest, hills,
mountain & deserts
Occupation s
• Some of them engaged in agriculture
• Collecting honey
• Others led a nomadic lifestyle
Some tribal groups
• In our locality ?• Cholanaykar, Kurichyar …etc…
• In North-West India – Baluchi• Punjab – Khokhars, Ghakkars• Western part - Bhils & Kolis• Central India- Gonds• East – Mundas, Cheros,Santhals,Khasis,Nagas,Ahoms,• South – Todas,Koragas, Maravars, Bagdagas, & Vetars
Life of the nomadic tribal group
• Most of the tribal groups were nomads
• Moved with their animals
• Exchanged milk, honey, wool, ghee …
• They also sold animals
Changing nature of tribal society
• With time, they were exposed to new cultures
• Many of them settled life adopted better methods of agriculture
• The Mughals tried to extract taxes
• Powerful tribal groups- Gonds & Ahoms
Gonds
• One of the powerful tribal communities in central India (Madhyapradesh )
• The name ‘Gond’ comes from Telungu word ‘Konda’ which means a hill.
• They orgaised during mughal times – Garh Katanga was most powerful kingdom.
• In 1565 Mughal attacked this kingdom• Rani Durgavati was most towering personality of this
kingdom
Administration
• Kingdoms were divided into garhs• Each ghrhs divided into chaurasis -84 Villages• Chaurasi was further divided into Barhots –
Consist 12 villages
Economy
• Gond kingdoms were rich• Agriculture – Jhoom cultivation
• Decline• Marathas defeated them• The English also took over Gondwana in 19th C.
Ahoms
• Other most powerful tribal community
• Assam – Ahom (Word derive)
• Homeland – china• First Ahom king was Sukapha – 1228-1268• Gragaon was the Capital of Ahom• Aurangazeb managed to capture, but failed.