Tri-generation System: Tri-generation System: Interim Design ReviewInterim Design Review

Maggie AlvaradoMaggie Alvarado

Diego AzevedoDiego Azevedo

Raphael Santos Cavalcanti Raphael Santos Cavalcanti

Natalie LevingsNatalie Levings

Richard RobardsRichard Robards

Bruno VieiraBruno Vieira

OverviewOverview Last year students from FAMU/FSU College of Last year students from FAMU/FSU College of

Engineering and the Federal University of Engineering and the Federal University of Paraná collaborated to design a tri-generation Paraná collaborated to design a tri-generation system that would produce refrigeration, system that would produce refrigeration, electricity, and hot water utilizing wasted electricity, and hot water utilizing wasted energy.energy.

Tri-Generation system built last year.

OverviewOverview

Modify existing prototypeModify existing prototype Address the prototype’s current deficiencies.Address the prototype’s current deficiencies. In a collaborative effort our team is coordinating In a collaborative effort our team is coordinating

prototype modifications and improvements with prototype modifications and improvements with our Brazilian teammates. our Brazilian teammates.

OverviewOverview

ModificationsModifications

– Automate heat supply to absorption Automate heat supply to absorption refrigerator refrigerator

– Manage heat to water supply and add a Manage heat to water supply and add a distillerdistiller

– Modify engine for CNG (compressed Modify engine for CNG (compressed natural gas)natural gas)

– Use cooling effects of expanding gas Use cooling effects of expanding gas

Collaboration With BrazilCollaboration With Brazil

Communication with our Brazilian Communication with our Brazilian teammates is organized into weekly video teammates is organized into weekly video conferences, internet chat, group e-mail, conferences, internet chat, group e-mail, and file sharing yielding the following:and file sharing yielding the following:

Every major task was organized into Every major task was organized into a a Work Breakdown Structure Work Breakdown Structure

FSU and UFPR are subcontracting FSU and UFPR are subcontracting tasks to team members tasks to team members

Work Breakdown StructuresWork Breakdown Structures

Work Breakdown StructuresWork Breakdown Structures

Work Breakdown StructuresWork Breakdown Structures

Work Breakdown StructuresWork Breakdown Structures

Heat RegulationHeat Regulation

ThermostatThermostat ActuatorActuator 3 way valve3 way valve Bypass PipeBypass Pipe

Exhaust Piping in Current System with Bypass Valve

Bypass Pipe

DevicesDevices

3 way valve

actuator

Water Management UpdateWater Management Update

Previous solution overlooked safety and control issues.Previous solution overlooked safety and control issues. Current solution allows control with three-way valve controlling Current solution allows control with three-way valve controlling

flow of exhaust heat to the distiller and water heating unit flow of exhaust heat to the distiller and water heating unit subsystems.subsystems.

Solution Picked Previously: Automatic Bypass System with Distiller Addition

Current Solution: Heating Unit Bypass with Distiller Addition

Water Management UpdateWater Management Update DistillerDistiller

– Will remove most Will remove most impurities such as salt, impurities such as salt, lead, arsenic, etclead, arsenic, etc

– Does not remove Does not remove pesticides, chlorine and pesticides, chlorine and some volatile organic some volatile organic compoundscompounds

Carbon FilterCarbon Filter– Removes synthetic Removes synthetic

chemicals by acting as a chemicals by acting as a catalyst and by catalyst and by absorbing contaminants.absorbing contaminants.

Engine ConversionEngine Conversion

It has been decided It has been decided that propane’s that propane’s pressure isn’t high pressure isn’t high enough to provide the enough to provide the desired cooling effect desired cooling effect for expansionfor expansion

Compressed natural Compressed natural gas has been chosen gas has been chosen instead, as it can be instead, as it can be stored at pressures stored at pressures over 3000 psiover 3000 psi

Kawasaki FD501D

Engine ConversionEngine Conversion

There are 3 main conversion methods: Spud-in, adapter, and carburetor replacement.

The adapter method should be chosen for dual-fuel operation or for the option of converting the engine quickly back to gasoline in the future. Adapters are just that. They adapt to whatever carburetor an engine has.

How it WorksHow it Works

The carburetor adapter is installed The carburetor adapter is installed between the gasoline carburetor between the gasoline carburetor and the air cleanerand the air cleaner

The adapter has a hose connecting The adapter has a hose connecting it to the demand type regulator it to the demand type regulator

A venturi at the center of the A venturi at the center of the adapter, producing a vacuum, thus adapter, producing a vacuum, thus drawing fuel into the airstreamdrawing fuel into the airstream

Amount of fuel delivered depends Amount of fuel delivered depends on how much air is flowing, which on how much air is flowing, which depends on how far the throttle is depends on how far the throttle is openopen

Collaboration with BrazilCollaboration with Brazil

Because of the relatively Because of the relatively small pressure tolerances of small pressure tolerances of the kits, we are going to be the kits, we are going to be working closely with our working closely with our Brazilian teammates as they Brazilian teammates as they will be working with the will be working with the expansion of the fuel, using expansion of the fuel, using the temperature drop to cool the temperature drop to cool the refrigerator.the refrigerator.

Collaboration with BrazilCollaboration with Brazil

Brazil’s Tri-Gen PrototypeBrazil’s Tri-Gen Prototype

Honorable MentionHonorable Mention

Honorary volunteer member Rich Honorary volunteer member Rich Robards is dedicating his time from an Robards is dedicating his time from an already busy schedule.already busy schedule.

To date Rich has provided valuable To date Rich has provided valuable suggestions and is tasked with suggestions and is tasked with attaching the engine’s alternator to attaching the engine’s alternator to the battery so it will charge while the the battery so it will charge while the system is running.system is running.

Project ScheduleProject Schedule

ConclusionConclusion After exploring possible solutions for After exploring possible solutions for

the Tri-Generation System, the group the Tri-Generation System, the group has reached the purchasing stage forhas reached the purchasing stage for– The bypass piping, valve, and actuator The bypass piping, valve, and actuator – The bypass piping for the water-heating The bypass piping for the water-heating

unit and the distillerunit and the distiller– CNG alternative fuel kitCNG alternative fuel kit

We are working with Team Brazil on We are working with Team Brazil on the CNG expansion calculations to the CNG expansion calculations to cool the refrigeratorcool the refrigerator

ReferencesReferences

1. Dieter, George E. Engineering Design 3rd Edition. New York, NY: McGraw Hill Higher Education, 2000.

2. Çengel, Yunus A. and Robert H. Turner. Fundamentals of Thermal-Fluid Sciences 2nd Edition. New York, NY: McGraw Hill Higher Education, 2005.

3. Tracy, Thomas Jr., et al. Development of a Tri-Generation System: Final

Design Package, Spring 2006. CAPS 1: Integrated Heat Recovery System.

4. Janna, William S. Design of Thermal Fluid Systems 2nd Edition. Boston, MA: PWS Publishing Company, 1998.