Trends in Urban Transit in the U.S. – Some Comparisons
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Trends in Urban Transit in the U.S. – Some Comparisons
Edd Hauser, P.E., PhD Nicholas J. Swartz, MPA
Center for Transportation Policy StudiesUNC Charlotte
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“The role of a university has always been to provide a forum for the free and open discussion of ideas and precepts.”
- Keyishian vs. Board of Regents, State University of New York, 385 U.S. 589 (1967) – a finding upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court
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Presentation Outline
• Highway Funding Trends in the U.S.
• Transit Cost and Ridership Trends
• Comparative Analysis of Transit in Cities with Light Rail Systems
• Data on Charlotte Transit and Highways
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Source: Status of the Nation's Highways, Bridges, and Transit: 2004 Conditions and Performance, US Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration
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Source: Status of the Nation's Highways, Bridges, and Transit: 2004 Conditions and Performance, US Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration
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Transit in the U. S. & Charlotte
– Nationwide today, approx. 65,000 buses (140,000 route miles)
– Charlotte – growth from 143 to 247 buses (from 47 to 76 routes) between 1998 and 2007
– 15,000 rail vehicles(9,800 route miles) – Trip Types:
Work 54%
School 15%
Shopping 9%Source: American Public Transportation Association Website (www.APTA.com)
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Operating Expenses & Ridership (1999-2005)
• Nationwide: – 49.3 percent increase in Operating Expenses – 8.9 percent increase in annual pass. miles– 16% increase in vehicle revenue miles
• Charlotte:– 158 % increase in operating expenses – 26% increase in annual passenger miles – 81% increase in vehicle revenue miles
• Highest increases: – Light Rail – Demand Response – Van Pool
Source: 2005 National Transit Summaries and Trends (http://www.ntdprogram.com)
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VRM, Bus Transit
Source: 2005 National Transit Summaries and Trends (http://www.ntdprogram.com)
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VRM, Light Rail Transit
Source: 2005 National Transit Summaries and Trends (http://www.ntdprogram.com)
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Comparative Analysis of Bus Transit in Cities with Light Rail Systems
1. Service Area and # of Bus and Light Rail Vehicles 2. Service Efficiency (Operating Expense Per Vehicle Revenue Mile) 3. Cost Effectiveness (Operating Expense Per Passenger Mile) 4. Proportion of Bus Operating Expenses Collected in Fares
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(2007)
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Bus Transit Service Area (sq. mi.) (2005)
Service Area Square Miles
0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000
Baltimore
Boston
Buffalo
Charlotte
Cleveland
Dallas
Denver
Galveston
Houston
Kenosha
Los Angeles
Memphis
Minneapolis
New Orleans
Newark
North Little Rock
Philadelphia
Pittsburgh
Portland
Sacramento
Salt Lake City
San Diego
San Francisco
San J ose
Seattle
St. Louis
Tampa
Source: Federal Transit Administration, National Transit Database for 2005
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Service Efficiency (Operating Expense/Vehicle Revenue Mile)
$0.00
$2.00
$4.00
$6.00
$8.00
$10.00
$12.00
$14.00
$16.00
Source: Federal Transit Administration, National Transit Database for 2005
2005
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Cost Effectiveness (Operating Expense Per Passenger Mile)
$0.00
$0.20
$0.40
$0.60
$0.80
$1.00
$1.20
$1.40
$1.60
(2005)
Source: Federal Transit Administration, National Transit Database for 2005
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Operating Expense/Annual Unlinked Trips
(2005)
$0.00
$1.00
$2.00
$3.00
$4.00
$5.00
$6.00
$7.00
Source: Federal Transit Administration, National Transit Database for 2005
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Analysis of “Reasonableness” of South Corridor LRT Development
1. Capital Cost per mile – selected systems (2007 dollars) 2. Comparative Cost with other Transportation Projects in the Charlotte Area3. Long-range Transportation Cost Projections 4. Private Sector Investments generated
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Capital Cost per Mile, LRT - New Start Projects
Cost in 2007 Dollars (Mil.)Charlotte $ 48.2Dallas $ 60Denver $ 32Sacramento $ 13St. Louis $ 56Seattle $179
Sources: www.lightrail.com/projects.htm; www.soundtransit.org/x1171.xml; http://www.charmeck.org/Departments/Charlotte+Future/Why+Rapid+Transit/Home.htm
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Cost Estimate Increase over time – Selected Charlotte Area Projects
Pct. Change from Orig. Cost Estm. To Present
LRT South Corridor 109 %
US 29-601 Connector 305 %
I-485, NW Section 292 %
US 29 – NC 49 Connector 327 %
Monroe Bypass 213 %
Sources: CATS and NCDOT TIP
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Long-Range Cost Projections to 2030, Mecklenburg County
Current Estm. (2006 dollars) YOE
Estm.
Transit - CATS ½ cent $1.0 B. $ 1.9 B. NCDOT 0.6 B. 0.7 B. Federal 1.6 B. 1.9 B.
Totals 3.2 B. 4.5 B.
Highways - NCDOT $2.6 B. CDOT 0.5 B.
Total $ 3.1 B.
Sources: CATS, NCDOT, CDOT
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Building Permits and Property Tax Values in South End
Building Permits ($ M.) Prop. Tax Value ($ M.)
FY 2000 $ 232
FY 2003 $ 281 $ 441
FY 2004 $ 301
FY 2005 $ 322 $515
FY 2006 $ 403
Source: City of Charlotte Budget and Evaluation Office
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Why is a modal choice important for the South Corridor?
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Source: US Census
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Source: US Census
•TRB Report (2000):
-Charlotte experienced an average 26.1 minute work trip (an increase of 4.5 minutes, or 20.9% increase since 1990). -Atlanta: 31.2 minutes
-Raleigh-Durham: 24.9 min.
•TTI (2005): Charlotte was 22nd highest level of congestion in the country and 2nd highest among cities between 500,000-1m people
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Source: Produced by the Charlotte-Mecklenburg County Planning Commission, March 2002
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2030 Corridor Plan
Source: CATS
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Summary / Observations
• CATS bus operations
• LRT development
• Overall quality of life and economic development in the region
• Long-range vision
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Thank You!
Edd Hauser, P.E., Ph.D. Professor and Director,
Center for Transportation Policy Studies
UNC Charlotte9201 University City Blvd. Charlotte, NC 28223(704) [email protected] www.transpol.uncc.edu