Trends in Supermarket

Architecture

E360 Forum • Houston, TX • October 25, 2018

Andre Patenaude

Director, Food Retail Marketing and Growth Strategy

Cold Chain

Emerson

2

RegulationsF-Gas + EPA + CARB + ECCC+ DOE =

Complexity

Digital ShoppersSeamless Desktop + Mobile + In-Store

Experience

Focused on ConvenienceDo more with Less, Last-Mile Challenge

Experiential RetailRetail-tainment

New Retail FormatsRetail/Foodservice Blurs

Strategic LocationsUrban, Smaller, High-Turnover Products

New System ArchitecturesSteep Learning Curve

IoT & Cloud-Based ServicesSimple, Safe, Sustainable

Technician ShortageComplexity vs. Simplification

Operations DrivenConsumer Driven

Energy Costs and IncentivesDemand Peak Charge, Time of Use Rates

Food Retail Is Dealing With Extraordinary Dynamics

3

Digital Shoppers – Seamless + Mobile + In-Store Experience

4

Focused on Convenience – Last Mile Challenge

5

Strategic Locations, Urban, Small

6

IoT Cloud Based Services

7

Refrigeration

Food Waste

Recycling

Supervisory &

Building

Management

Enterprise

Monitoring

Cold Rooms

Lighting

Bakery

Evaporator

Controllers

HVAC

Cargo Monitoring

Ecosystem Management & Energy Costs

CARB 2021 (New)

>50 lbs charge

<150 GWP

CARB 2021 (New)

<50 lbs charge

<1500 GWP

500 1000 1500 2000

R134a

Like

R404A

Like

R410A

Like

GWP Level

Pressure

R134a

R407A R404A

(3922)R448A

R410A

R513AR515A1234yf

CO2

NH3

R290

R444B

R32

= A1 Non-Flammable = A2L Mildly Flammable

= A3 Flammable = B2L Toxic, Mildly Flam.

CARB Rulemaking #2 (in part) (Oct.24th Meeting)

AC 2023/24

“US

Climate

Alliance”

May

Follow

CA Lead

Refrigerant & Architecture Decisions In

Context of Store FormatRefrigerant & Architecture Decisions In Context of Store Format

12

Equipment

Energy

Economics

Environment

Toxicity

Flammability

Pressures

Heat transfer,

latent heat

Revenue

First Cost

TCO

GHG Reduction

Targets

Legal

Operations

Energy Mgr.

Design Eng.

CEO

Merchandizing

Finance

Sustainability

Officers

New Formats

Lack of Technicians

Experimental Choices

Utility Incentives

Clean Energy

System Integration

E-Commerce

Millennials

Fresh, Urban Stores

Natural & Low GWP

Refrigerants Options

Key Variables Stakeholders Trends

Holistic Facility Approach to Equipment Selection

13

End Users/Operators – What Do They Want?

End Users/Operators – What Do They Want?

Simple

Serviceable Secure

Stable

Smart

Sustainable

15

Quotes from Various Food Retail Engineering Managers

“Preferred system is plain, simple DX

refrigeration” with some “intelligent design” that

improves overall energy efficiency”

simple - smart - sustainable

“The biggest desired improvement is an open protocol system where all monitoring devices across equipment and the whole building have the ability to communicate with one another.” -smart-

“ One of my biggest pet peeves is the various telemetry systems we have. It would be ideal to have one system, at a high level, and to have that information pushed to me globally.” -smart-

“ As far as what’s out there today, & as far as me protecting the company; still lean to strong DX operation with ease of operation ” -safe/stable/simple-

“We see case controllers as simple because we’ve trained our techs on them. We put the time and effort in to training.” -simple-

“One of the things we need to see, we’re going to see, is more of a plug-and-play type situation.” -simple-

“We have to move to green!”-sustainable-

“We keep our Design Relatively simple DX refrigeration”

“I believe in keeping things simple.”

16

Indirect Systems / Chillers MT

Integrated Display Cases

Micro Distributed & De-Centralised

A2L

<150

A1

Food Service / Cold Rooms

Centralised Racks

Future Refrigerant Options For “Future Proof” Systems in North America

A2L <150

Hybride / Cascade

CO2 Booster

A1

CO2

Retail Centralised

A1 Non Flammable

A2L Mildly Flammable

A3 Flammable

Growing/Decreasing

Niche

A1A2L<150

R290

Remote Unit - Cold Rooms

CO2

HFO A2L<150A1

A1

Packaged Units - Cold Rooms

Likely Refrigerant After 2021

CO2 (LT)CO2 (LT)

CO2?

CO2R290

CO2?

A1 (<50lbs) <1500 GWP

A1 (<50lbs) <1500 GWP

R290

CO2?

A1 (<50lbs) <1500 GWPA1 (<50lbs) <1500 GWP

Distributed Units <136MBH (11 tons or 40kW)

A2L <150

A1 CO2 (LT)

A1 (<50lbs) <1500 GWP

R290NH3

• Most Common Architecture

• Many Refrigerant Options: R22, R404A, R407A&F (High GWP)

• Highest Average Leak Rates, 25% Ave

(Targeted by Global Refrig Reg.)

• Highest CO2e or LCCP footprint

• Thousands of feet of pipe

• 3000lbs+ per System

• Familiar, Simple

Large Centralized DX

MT

LT

A1 CO2

Today Future

CO2

• Simple, Stable, Serviceable

• Equipment redundancy

• Optimize suction pressure form MT & LT

• Many A1 refrigerant options

• Lower leak rates in store Vs centralized

• Too many unit for large supermarket

• Poor remote visibility

• Difficult to pull performance data

• High maintenance cost

Individual Condensing Units

CO2

HFO A2L<150A1

A1 (<50lbs) <1500 GWP (CARB #2)

Today Future

A1 Application Specific

• Many A1 Refrigerant Options

• Optimize Suction Pressure for MT & LT

• Lower charge Vs centralized

• Location flexibility

• Small footprint

Distributed DX

Freezer Cooler

Low Temp

Condenser

Medium Temp

Condenser

OEM Mini Rack

(EMR Scrolls)

OEM Mini Rack

(EMR Scrolls)

Multiple Units Distributed Throughout Store

CO2

HFO A2L<150A1

A1 (<50lbs) <1500 GWP (CARB #2)

Today Future

A1 Application Specific

• Niche Application

• Commercial /Industrial

• HFC/HFO & Natural Option

• Full Natural Option

• Low Charge MT Chiller

• Low LCCP

• AHJ Approvals (for A3, A2L)

HFC

CO2

HFO

NH3

A1 <1500 GWP, Limited Charge

A1 Secondary or Cascade

A2L <150 GWP Limited Charge - AHJ

B2L – AHJ

MT

LT

Indirect Systems Chiller MT – Indoor Machine Room

Chiller MT

Future

HFC

CO2

NH3

A1

A1 Secondary or Cascade

B2L – AHJ

Today

Chiller MT

• Niche Application

• Commercial /Industrial

• HFC/HFO & Natural Option

• Full Natural Option

• Low Charge MT Chiller

• Low LCCP

• AHJ Approvals

Indirect Systems Chiller, MT, A3, A2L, B2L, Outdoor Machine Room

MT

LT

HFC

CO2

R290

HFO

NH3

A1 <1500 GWP, Limited Charge

A1 Secondary or Cascade

A3 Limited Charge - AHJ

A2L <150 GWP Limited Charge - AHJ

B2L – AHJ

Future

HFC

CO2

R290

NH3

A1

A1 Secondary or Cascade

A3 Limited Charge - AHJ

B2L – AHJ

Today

• R134a Top Side/ CO2 Cascade

• Commercial/Industrial

• Full Natural Option Available

• Energy Efficient in High Ambient

• Low Charge

• AHJ Approvals based on Refriggerant

MT

LT

Hybrid Cascade

Centralized, MT DX (<1500GWP), LT CO2 DX

HFC

CO2

HFO

A1 <1500 GWP, Limited Charge

A1 Secondary or LT Cascade

A2L <150 GWP Limited Charge - AHJ

Future

HFC

CO2

A1

A1 Secondary or Cascade

Today

• All Natural Solution, 0 ODP, 1 GWP 1 , A1

• Higher Pressures Vs HFC

• Higher Standstill Pressures Vs HFC

• Good Low Ambient Performance

• Long Piping runs

• High Ambient Strategies Required to

Improve Performance

CO2 A1

CO2 Booster Transcritical

Today Future

CO2 A1

• R-290 150g Limit, Future ?

• A2L 500g Limit, Future ?

• Water loop or Air Cooled Condensing

• Heat Pump Integration Option

• Flexible

• AHJ Approvals

Integrated Case or Micro Distributed

HFC

CO2

R290

HFO

A1 <50 lbs <1500 GWP, CARB#2

A1

A3 150g or Limited Charge - AHJ

A2L <150 GWP Limited Charge - AHJ

Future

HFC

R290

A1

A3 150g - AHJ

Today

R290 A3

HFO A2L<150 GWP

Packages Systems

Self Contained

A1

Today Future

• “Window Shaker Like” for Refrigeration

• Evaporator & Condenser on Same Frame

• R290 Compatible due to low charge

• <150g Limit

R290 A3

HFO A2L<150 GWP

Packages Systems

Self Contained

A1

Today Future

• “Plug and Play”

• Evaporator & Condenser on Same Frame

• R290 Compatible due to low charge

• <150g Limit

• Merchandizing Flexibility

R290 A3

HFO A2L<150 GWP

Cases

Self Contained

A1

Today Future

• “Plug and Play”

• Evaporator / Condenser on Same Frame

• R290 Compatible due to low charge

• Roof Mount

• Side Mount

28

De-Centralized / Distributed

Supermarket < 10,000ft2

Refrigeration Solution Safe and Flexible Retail Solutions For All Store Formats of the Future

Condensing units

Solutions

(Natural / Low GWP)

Refrigeration

Food Waste

Recycling

Supervisory &

Building

ManagementEnterprise

Monitoring

Cold Rooms

Cargo

Monitoring

Bakery

Evaporator

Controllers

HVAC

Centralized

Large Supermarke

>40,000ft2

Booster & Cascade Solutions

Integral Display Cases

Integral Display Cases

Discounters & Small

Supermarket < 15,000ft2

1

2

3

Food Service Units

Cold Room Solutions

4

A1 / HFO,A2L

Charge limiting A1

R290 (150g) or A1 <50lbs & <1500GWP

A2L / CO2

Transport/Other

Transport Ref, Light Industrial,

Plants & Labs, Agricultural

5

HFO A1/A2L

/R290

Restaurants/ Catering / Kitchens

Stations / Urban Stores / C-Stores R290 (150g) or A2L Limited

A1 <50lbs & <1500GWP

Questions?

DISCLAIMER

Although all statements and information contained herein are believed to be accurate and reliable, they are presented without guarantee or warranty of any kind, expressed or

implied. Information provided herein does not relieve the user from the responsibility of carrying out its own tests and experiments, and the user assumes all risks and liability for

use of the information and results obtained. Statements or suggestions concerning the use of materials and processes are made without representation or warranty that any such

use is free of patent infringement and are not recommendations to infringe on any patents. The user should not assume that all toxicity data and safety measures are indicated

herein or that other measures may not be required.

Thank You!

29