TRENDS IN CLIENT POPULATIONS The Incarcerated, Their Families, and the Victims of Crime In 2004, 6.4...

• TRENDS IN CLIENT POPULATIONS

• The Incarcerated, Their Families, and the Victims of Crime

• In 2004, 6.4 Million in Jail, on Probation, or on Parole

in the U.S. (3% of Americans)

• Most Prisoners: Undereducated, Came from

Dysfunctional Families, Abused Substances

• Needed: A Multisystem Approach That Addresses

These Clients and Their Issues

• HS Professionals Will Increasingly Be Working Within

the Criminal Justice System

CHAPTER 10A LOOK TO THE FUTURE: TRENDS IN THE FUNCTION AND ROLES OF THE HUMAN SERVICE

PROFESSIONAL

• Individuals who are HIV-Positive

• U.S.: Over One Million are HIV-Positive. Worldwide: 42 Million are HIV-Positive or have AIDS

• HS Professionals Will be Important in Education and Deliverer of Counseling Services


PROFESSIONAL

• The Homeless and the Poor

• 37 Million or 12.7% of the U.S. Population is Poor , approximately 1% of the population may become homeless for a portion of any given year.

• Minorities Are Disproportionately Represented

• Negative Results of Homelessness & Poverty: Despair, Hopelessness, Increased Illness


PROFESSIONAL

• Older People• Percent of Persons over 65: 1900 - 4.1%; 1996 - 12.8%,

2030 - 20%

• Older Persons Tend to Be Poorer

• Facilities: Mental Health Centers, Long-Term Care

Facilities, Senior Centers, Programs Offered Through

Religious Organizations and Social Service Agencies

• Increased Need for Social Services: Income

Assistance, Health Care, Housing, Employment,

Leisure Activities, Environmental Assistance

• More HS Professionals Will be Needed to Work With

This Growing Population


PROFESSIONAL

• Individuals Who Are Chronically Mentally Ill• 22% of the Adult Population Is Affected by a Mental

Disorder Every Year• 3% of Adults Have a Chronic Mental Disorder• Only 11% of This Population Seeks Mental Health

Treatment Each Year• Increase in Outpatient Care Due to:

Psychotropic Medications

Passage of the Community Mental Health Centers Act of 1963

Proliferation of Social Service Programs

U.S. Supreme Court Decision: Donaldson vs. O’Conner (1975)

. Deinstitutionalization


PROFESSIONAL

• People with Disabilities• 1 in 8 Individuals Identifies Himself of Herself as Having

a Disability• Of the 53 Million Americans With Disabilities, 5 Million

are Under 15 Years Old• 1 in 6 Individuals is Born With His or Her Disability • Federal Laws Have Greatly Affected the Ability of the

Disabled to Receive Services

Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975 (Pl94‑142)

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

Rehabilitation Act of 1973

Americans with Disabilities Act of 1992


PROFESSIONAL

• Individuals at Risk for Chemical Dependence (2005)

• 22.5 million dependent on drugs or alcohol• 19.1 Million Current Illicit Drug Users• 55 Million Binge Drinkers in the past 30 days• 17 Million Heavy Drinkers• 1 in 7 Americans are Children of Alcoholics

(COAs)

• Facilities: Hospital Detox Units, Halfway Houses, Drug and Alcohol Treatment Centers


PROFESSIONAL

• Technology in Human Service Work

• Today: More Than 61 % of Homes Have a Computer

• 42% of Home Computers Have Internet Access

• Mental Health Professionals Use Computers (e.g., Case Management, Record Keeping, Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis, Testing, Personality Assessment, Comprehensive Career Counseling, Documentation, and Assisting Clients in Learning New Skills)


PROFESSIONAL

• Technology in Human Service Work (cont.)

• Training of Helping Professionals (e.g., Interactive Videos and CD-ROMs

• Internet: e.g. E-mail, Distribution Lists, Listservs, Video Streaming, Web-Based Courses

• Ethical Guidelines for Internet On-Line Counseling (ACA) Have Been Developed


PROFESSIONAL

• Standards in the Profession

1. Accreditation

2. Ethical Codes

3. Skills Standards

4. Credentialing


PROFESSIONAL

• A Developmental and Primary Prevention Emphasis• Understand the Developmental Level of Client

and Determine Developmental Readiness

• Increased Focus on the Wellness Approach

• Primary Prevention: Concentrate on Prevention of Problems and Promotion of Wellness

• Secondary Prevention: Focuses on the Control of Non Severe Mental Health Problems

• Tertiary Prevention: Concentrates on the Control of Serious Mental Health Problems


PROFESSIONAL

• Managed Health Care

• Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) and Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs)

• Maintain Costs by Focusing on Primary Prevention and Early Detection of Problems


PROFESSIONAL

• Medical Breakthroughs and Mental HealthIndividuals Will Need to Make Complex Decisions

Regarding Their HealthMedical Decisions That May Prolong Life

Affects of medical Procedures on Families

Whether to Know if One is Likely to Acquire a Disease (Genetic Testing)

Whether to Become Pregnant With Children Who are Likely to Acquire a Disease

How the Use of Medicine Might Affect One’s Way of Interacting in the World

HS Professionals Will Need to be Versed on the Medical Aspects and on Ethics


PROFESSIONAL

• Increased Focus on Multicultural IssuesMulticultural Counseling is a Hot Topic!!! We Will See:

Increased Training

New Theories and Models

Increased Research on the Efficacy of Varying Counseling Approaches With Diverse Clients

Human Service Professionals Must Have:

Knowledge About Other Cultures

The Skills Necessary in Working With Diverse Populations

The Proper Attitudes When Working With Individuals of Varying Cultural Backgrounds

Increased Emphasis on Multicultural Awareness and Counseling in Human Service Programs


PROFESSIONAL

• Stress, Cynicism and Burnout: Understanding and Combating It• Human Service Work is a High‑Stress Field

• Compassion Fatigue/Vicarious Traumatization

Syndrome

• Hans Selye: Stress is an Adaptive Response to a

Changing Situation

• The Wheel of Wellness: Myers, Sweeney, and Witmer

• Stress is Related to the Burnout

• Carl Whitaker Suggests the Following to Stay Healthy

Place Yourself As a Priority


PROFESSIONAL

• Stress, Cynicism and Burnout: Understanding and Combating It (Continued)

Learn How to Love

Listen to Your Impulses

Listen to Your Inner Voice, Listen to Others

Enjoy Your Significant Other More Than Anyone Else

Fracture Role Structures and Challenge Authority

Build Long‑Term Relationships so You Feel Safe to

Express Your Feelings

Act "Crazy" and Whimsical

Face the Fact That You must Grow until You Die


PROFESSIONAL

• Your Future in the Human ServicesTrends in Jobs and Earnings

There Will be a Great Increase in Human Service Jobs

Best Opportunities May Be in Job Training Programs, Residential Care Facilities, Private Social Service Agencies (e.g., Adult Day Care, Meal Delivery Programs)

Increasingly, Human Service Professionals Will Need More Advanced Degrees, Some Kind of On-the-Job Experience, and/or Internship for Employment

Salaries Range Between $19,220 and $30,900 to start in 2006 Median was $24,270

With Master's Degree or in an Administrative Positions: Can Earn Well Above $40,000


PROFESSIONAL

• Your Future in the Human Services (cont.)

Finding a Job/Applying to Graduate School (Consider Following)• Networking• Developing a Résumé• Devising a Portfolio• Looking Good and the Interview• Going on an Informational Interview

• Other: Apply Directly to Employer; Respond to, or Place Ad in Newspaper or Professional Journal, Go to Employment Agency, Utilize College Placement Office


PROFESSIONAL

Points to Consider When Applying to a Graduate School

• Program Accreditation• Size• Client Emphasis• Faculty-Student Ratio• Philosophical Orientation• Location of Field Experience• Counseling Specialties Offered• Placement of Recent Grads• Degree Requirements• Cost• Degree Granted• Availability of Scholarships and Loans• Entry Requirements• Correlation of Degree Requirements with Certification

Requirements• Location


PROFESSIONAL

Locating a Graduate Program

Some Sources Include (See Book for Addresses and Web Sites)

• Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Ed. Programs (CACREP)

• Master’s & Doctoral Programs in Counseling, Book: Counselor Preparation 1999-2001: Programs, Faculty, Trends

• American Psychological Association (APA)• Council on Rehabilitation Education, Inc. (CORE)• Commission on Accreditation of Marriage and Family

Therapy Education• Association for Clinical Pastoral Education, Inc.• Council on Social Work Education• American Art Therapy Association


PROFESSIONAL

Some Specifics to Applying to Graduate School

1. Meeting Deadlines 5. Interviewing

2. Completing Forms 6. Submitting a Résumé

3. Take a Cognitive Ability Test 7. Submitting a Portfolio

4. Writing an Essay 8. Being Admitted, Being

Denied


PROFESSIONAL

• Ethical and Professional Issues: Continuing EducationLearning Is a Lifelong Process

Join Your Professional Associations

Participate in Workshops

Take Additional Coursework, Earn an Advanced

Degree

Get a Credential

?????


PROFESSIONAL

• The Developmentally Mature Human Service Professional: Anxious about Change, Desirous of Change, Hopeful about the Future

• Take on New Challenges, Even If They’re Scary

• Be Positive and Hopeful about the Future

• Look Ahead


PROFESSIONAL

TRENDS IN CLIENT POPULATIONS The Incarcerated, Their Families, and the Victims of Crime In 2004, 6.4...

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