Trends in Chronic Diseases by Demographic Variables, Hawaii’s Older Population, Hawaii Health...
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Trends in Chronic Diseases by Demographic Variables, Hawaii’s Older Population, Hawaii Health Survey (HHS) K. Kromer Baker 1 , A. T. Onaka 1 , B. Horiuchi 1 , H. Tianzhu 1 , J. Dannemiller 2 1 Hawaii Department of Health, Office of Health Status Monitoring, 2 SMS Research and Marketing Services Inc., Honolulu How does Hawai‘i fare with chronic disease? Will there be an increase burden of those suffering from a chronic disease? To answer this question data was analyzed from the Hawai‘i Health Survey, an annual telephone survey of Hawaii's people living in households with landlines. The years 1998-2005 were analyzed for trends in arthritis, asthma, diabetes, HBP, and HBC. Data included are from the adult respondent and also their answers for each household member. Hawai‘i has a multiethnic and multicultural society. Prevalence of chronic Years 1998 through 2005 were analyzed to provide estimates on prevalence of selected chronic conditions of the population. The questions asked are roster questions: Has anyone in the household been told by a physician or medical professional that they have high cholesterol? Who are they? Information on ethnicity is provided by coding the responses to Of what ethnic background is [household member's mother? Father?] 2 Over eight responses may be coded to determine whether the person is full or part ethnicity. Figures 2,3 present data by gender, age, and year from the HHS. The pattern illustrates that: Health information presented includes both chronic conditions and risk factor information. The five health conditions include arthritis, asthma, diabetes, high blood pressure (HBP), and high blood cholesterol (HBC). The data have been age adjusted to the population of the US Census as Hawaii's population for the period of 1998-2005 is aging thus the trend information presented is an actual increase in prevalence not a result of aging of the population. Are the chronic conditions and risk factor prevalence increasing over the period from 1998-2005 as measured by the HHS? 1 US Census Bureau. State interim population projections by age and sex: 2004--2030. Washington DC: US Census Bureau; 2005. Available at http://www.census.gov/population/www/projections/projectionsagesex .html 2 Table 3: Interim Projections: Ranking of States by Projected Percent of Population Age 65 and Older: 2000, 2010, and 2030. U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division, Interim State Population Projections, 2005. Internet Release April 1, 2005 We would like to thank the people of Hawai‘i who kindly gave their time and information so that this survey is possible. Introduction Results - Age Results –Disease The Hawai‘i Health Survey, initiated in 1968, was originally modeled after the National Health Interview Survey as a ‘face to face’ survey and became a telephone survey in 1996. It is implemented through the Hawai‘i Department of Health (DOH), Office of Health Status Monitoring (OHSM). SMS Research and Marketing Services Inc., Honolulu, does the actual telephone interviewing by a Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI) system. By year the sample includes over 6,000 adults with approximately 15,000 household members (Table 1). The survey response is approximately 50%. For further information please see the survey manual 3 . Population not surveyed includes households without telephones, homeless, group quarters, and the island of Ni‘ihau. Sample data are weighted and adjusted using Census data, vital record data from OHSM, and proprietary information from SMS Research. Sample numbers are weighted to represent households, adults, or the population of Hawai‘i. Data are analyzed using SAS and SUDAAN taking into account the complex survey design. Hawaii Health Survey Literature Cited Acknowledgements What does the increase in population by Census projections suggest for prevalence of the selected health conditions in 2030? By applying the prevalence proportion estimates from the HHS 2003-2005 average population by gender and age to the projections of the population by age and gender from the Census, estimates were calculated for the projected prevalence of the health conditions. All estimates are projected to almost double in numbers a percent increase of from 96.5 to 97.6%. Prevalence 2030? For further information on the present subject and for more information on the Hawai‘i Health Survey please consult our Web address at; http://www.hawaii.gov/health/ statistics/hhs / WEB/ Contact Information Among 65 years diabetes has increased from 1998 to 2005. The increase was statistically significant (pairwise statistical comparison at (а<0.05). The prevalence of diabetes is similar for males and females. * Age and Gender adjusted to 65-74, 75-84, and >84 years. Variance Estimation Method: Taylor Series (WR) The prevalence of asthma has increased from 1998 to 2005 (6.05 to 7.5%. However, the increase was not statistically significant (pairwise statistical comparison (а<0.05). Prevalence of asthma is highest among females. Prevalence of arthritis in the 65 year population is not showing an increase. Prevalence is highest for the female population. HBP has increased for both males and females from 1998 to 2005. The increase was statistically significant (pairwise statistical comparison at (а<0.05). Hawai’s population over 65 is projected to increase along with the population of the United States as a whole (Figure 1) 1 . The state of Hawai‘i was ranked 16th in the nation in 2000 for the percentage of population 65 years. By the year 2010 it is projected Hawaii’s rank will be 12th in the Nation 2 . That is an increase in numbers of >30,000 people. By the year 2030 the Census projects that the increase in the population 65 for Hawai‘i will be over 160,000 people. Figure 1. Census P rojections forP opulation Num bers of Males and Fem ales >=65 Years forthe US and Haw ai‘i 0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 120,000 140,000 160,000 180,000 200,000 Cen su s 2000 2006 2009 2012 2015 2018 2021 2024 2027 2030 Year H aw aiiN um ber 0 5,000,000 10,000,000 15,000,000 20,000,000 25,000,000 30,000,000 35,000,000 40,000,000 45,000,000 US Num ber HIM 65 and over HIF 65 and over US M 65 and over US F 65 and over H ouseholds/ Respondents AllH ousehold M em bers 65 Years and O lder, All M em bers Percent of Population 1998 4,382 12,923 151,236 12.7 1999 4,351 12,677 151,913 12.9 2000 5,882 17,183 155,233 13.1 2001 5,673 16,938 157,397 13.2 2002 5,244 15,516 159,857 13.3 2003 5,091 14,839 163,276 13.4 2004 6,769 19,699 166,781 13.5 2005 6,668 19,309 169,093 13.6 Hawai`i Health S urvey (HHS ) DO H, OHS M S ample numbers provis ionally weighted and *(total numbers are adjusted as the homeles s, Table 1. Sample and Weighted Numbers for 65 years, H awaiiH ealth Survey 1998-2005 YEAR W Hawaii's population is aging The age group from 45-64 is increasing the fastest. Figure 2. Num berofFem ales B y Age, H aw ai‘iHealth S urvey 1998-2005 0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 120,000 <1 1-4 5-9 10- 14 15- 24 25- 34 35- 44 45- 54 55- 64 65- 74 75- 84 85- 94 95- 104 A ge P opulation 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Figure 3. Num berofM ales B y A ge, H aw ai‘iHealth S urvey 1998-2005 0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 120,000 <1 1-4 5-9 10- 14 15- 24 25- 34 35- 44 45- 54 55- 64 65- 74 75- 84 85- 94 95- 104 Age Population 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 If the Census projected data are again examined. The actual percent change for 2010 and 2030 for the 65 population is: By 2010 19.0% percent increase from 2000. By 2030 103.6% percent increase by 2030. What does the increase in population mean for the prevalence of health conditions in the 65 population for the future when the 45-54 year old age group ages? First let us look at prevalence of health conditions. Figure 4.A rthritis Prevalence B y Year Over 64 Years, H H S 1998-2007* 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Year P ercent Total A sthm a Female Male Linear (TotalA sthm a) Figure 5. A sthm a P revalence B y Year Over 64 Years,H H S 1998-2007* 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Year P ercent Total A sthma Fem ale Male Linear (Total A sthm a) Figure 6. D iabetes P revalence B y Year Over 64 Years, H H S 1998-2007* 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Year P ercent Total D iabetes Female Male Linear (TotalD iabetes) Figure 7. H B P P revalence By Year Over64 Years, HH S 1998-2007* 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Year P ercent Total H BP Fem ale Male Linear(Total HBP ) HBC has also increased for both males and females from 1998 to 2005. The increase was statistically significant (pairwise statistical comparison at (а<0.05). The Hawai‘i Health Survey, initiated in 1968, was originally modeled after the National Health Interview Survey as a ‘face to face’ survey and became a telephone survey in 1996. implemented through the Hawai‘i Department of Health (DOH), Office of Health Status Monitoring (OHSM). Honolulu, does the actual telephone interviewing by a Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI) system. sample includes over 6,000 adults with approximately 15,000 household members. The survey response is approximately 50%. Population not surveyed include households without telephones, homeless, group quarters, and the island of Ni‘ihau. Sample data are weighted and adjusted using Census data, vital record data from OHSM, and proprietary information from SMS Research. Sample numbers are weighted to represent the households in Hawai‘i adult population,, or the population of Hawai‘i. Data are analyzed using SAS and SUDAAN taking into account the complex survey design. Ethnicity Summary Prevalence of asthma, diabetes, HBP, and HBC are increasing in the 65 population of Hawai‘i. The female population may have a different pattern of increase when compared to the males. Figure 8. H B C P revalence B y Year Over 64 Years, HHS 1998-2007* 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005* Year P ercent Total H BC Fem ale Male Linear (Total H BC ) State N um ber % ofTotal Num ber % ofTotal N um ber % ofTotal United States 34,991,753 12.4 40,243,713 13.0 71,453,471 19.7 . Haw aii 160,601 13.3 191,065 14.3 326,957 22.3 Increase in Population N um bers 30,464 166,356 PercentChange from 2000 Population + 19.0% + 103.6% Footnote: U.S . C ensus Bureau, Population Division, Interim S tate Population Projections, 2005. Internet Release Date: April 21, 2005 Downloaded October 10, 2007 Table 2:Interim Projections:Population 65 and Older:2000,2010,and 2030 2 2000 2010 2030 Variable A rthritis Asthm a D iabetes HBP HBC Increase In: Num bers 48,407 10,935 25,615 74,503 56,976 Percent 97.6 97.1 96.5 96.7 96.6 DOH, OHSM Table 3. 2003-2005 H H S Prevalence E stim ates by G enderand A ge*A pplied to 2030 Population P rojection forH aw ai‘i Hawai`i Health Survey (HHS ) 3 Hawaii Health Survey 2005 Survey Manual, Hawai‘i Department of Health, Office of Health Status Monitoring, Prepared By SMS Research and Marketing Services, Inc. July 2005. 4 Projected State-Specific Increases in Self-Reported Doctor Diagnosed Arthritis and Arthritis Attributable Activity Limitations --- United States, 2005-2030. MMWR May 4, 2007 / Vol 56, No 17;423-425. www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5617a3.htm It is projected that the population 65 years will increase in Hawai‘i but also the prevalence of selected health conditions. The numbers for projections for prevalence estimates for the year 2030 suggested here may be conservative as the increasing prevalence of asthma, diabetes, HBP, and HBC are not taken into account. In addition, patterns vary considerably by ethnicity. Limitations: Prevalence for health conditions are self reported and proxy information for other than the respondent. Group quarters (hospitals, nursing, care homes), homeless, and households without telephones are not sampled. Data was also examined by full and part ethnicity for the Hawaiian, Filipino, Japanese, and White population of Hawai‘i. There are distinct differences. Table 4 summarizes some of the highest increases in prevalence by full/part ethnicity. Please see our Web site listed below for further information. Ethnicity Full/PartCondition1998-20002003-2005 Hawaiian Full Diabetes 15.2 20.2 Part HBP 41.4 55.6 HBC 29.2 36.3 White Part HBP 41.5 56.2 Part HBC 28.3 37.1 Filipino Part HBP 39.1 56.4 Part HBC 33.5 40.1 Japanese Part HBP 41.1 52.8 Table 4. Prevalence Increases B y Ethnicity Full/Part
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Transcript of Trends in Chronic Diseases by Demographic Variables, Hawaii’s Older Population, Hawaii Health...
Trends in Chronic Diseases by Demographic Variables, Hawaii’s Older Population, Hawaii Health Survey (HHS)
K. Kromer Baker1, A. T. Onaka1, B. Horiuchi1, H. Tianzhu1, J. Dannemiller2 1Hawaii Department of Health, Office of Health Status Monitoring, 2SMS Research and Marketing Services Inc., Honolulu
How does Hawai‘i fare with chronic disease? Will there be an increase burden of those suffering from a chronic disease? To answer this question data was analyzed from the Hawai‘i Health Survey, an annual telephone survey of Hawaii's people living in households with landlines. The years 1998-2005 were analyzed for trends in arthritis, asthma, diabetes, HBP, and HBC. Data included are from the adult respondent and also their answers for each household member. Hawai‘i has a multiethnic and multicultural society. Prevalence of chronic disease may vary by ethnicity. This will also be briefly presented.
Years 1998 through 2005 were analyzed to provide estimates on prevalence of selected chronic conditions of the population. The questions asked are roster questions: Has anyone in the household been told by a physician or medical professional that they have high cholesterol? Who are they? Information on ethnicity is provided by coding the responses to Of what ethnic background is [household member's mother? Father?]2 Over eight responses may be coded to determine whether the person is full or part ethnicity.
Figures 2,3 present data by gender, age, and year from the HHS. The pattern illustrates that:
Health information presented includes both chronic conditions and risk factor information. The five health conditions include arthritis, asthma, diabetes, high blood pressure (HBP), and high blood cholesterol (HBC). The data have been age adjusted to the population of the US Census as Hawaii's population for the period of 1998-2005 is aging thus the trend information presented is an actual increase in prevalence not a result of aging of the population.
Are the chronic conditions and risk factor prevalence increasing over the period from 1998-2005 as measured by the HHS?
1US Census Bureau. State interim population projections by age and sex: 2004--2030. Washington DC: US Census Bureau; 2005. Available at http://www.census.gov/population/www/projections/projectionsagesex.html
2Table 3: Interim Projections: Ranking of States by Projected Percent of Population Age 65 and Older: 2000, 2010, and 2030. U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division, Interim State Population Projections, 2005. Internet Release April 1, 2005
We would like to thank the people of Hawai‘i who kindly gave their time and information so that this survey is possible.
Introduction Results - Age Results –Disease
The Hawai‘i Health Survey, initiated in 1968, was originally modeled after the National Health Interview Survey as a ‘face to face’ survey and became a telephone survey in 1996. It is implemented through the Hawai‘i Department of Health (DOH), Office of Health Status Monitoring (OHSM). SMS Research and Marketing Services Inc., Honolulu, does the actual telephone interviewing by a Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI) system. By year the sample includes over 6,000 adults with approximately 15,000 household members (Table 1). The survey response is approximately 50%. For further information please see the survey manual3.Population not surveyed includes households without telephones, homeless, group quarters, and the island of Ni‘ihau. Sample data are weighted and adjusted using Census data, vital record data from OHSM, and proprietary information from SMS Research. Sample numbers are weighted to represent households, adults, or the population of Hawai‘i. Data are analyzed using SAS and SUDAAN taking into account the complex survey design.
Hawaii Health Survey
Literature Cited Acknowledgements
What does the increase in population by Census projections suggest for prevalence of the selected health conditions in 2030?
By applying the prevalence proportion estimates from the HHS 2003-2005 average population by gender and age to the projections of the population by age and gender from the Census, estimates were calculated for the projected prevalence of the health conditions. All estimates are projected to almost double in numbers a percent increase of from 96.5 to 97.6%.
Prevalence 2030?
For further information on the present subject and for more information on the Hawai‘i Health Survey please consult our Web address at;
http://www.hawaii.gov/health/statistics/hhs/
WEB/ Contact Information
Among 65 years diabetes has increased from 1998 to 2005. The increase was statistically significant (pairwise statistical comparison at (а<0.05). The prevalence of diabetes is similar for males and females.
* Age and Gender adjusted to 65-74, 75-84, and >84 years. Variance Estimation Method: Taylor Series (WR)
The prevalence of asthma has increased from 1998 to 2005 (6.05 to 7.5%. However, the increase was not statistically significant (pairwise statistical comparison (а<0.05). Prevalence of asthma is highest among females.
Prevalence of arthritis in the 65 year population is not showing an increase. Prevalence is highest for the female population.
HBP has increased for both males and females from 1998 to 2005. The increase was statistically significant (pairwise statistical comparison at (а<0.05).
Hawai’s population over 65 is projected to increase along with the population of the United States as a whole (Figure 1)1. The state of Hawai‘i was ranked 16th in the nation in 2000 for the percentage of population 65 years. By the year 2010 it is projected Hawaii’s rank will be 12th in the Nation2. That is an increase in numbers of >30,000 people. By the year 2030 the Census projects that the increase in the population 65 for Hawai‘i will be over 160,000 people.
Figure 1. Census Projections for Population Numbers of Males and Females >=65 Years
for the US and Hawai‘i
020,00040,00060,00080,000
100,000120,000140,000160,000180,000200,000
Census 20002006
20092012
20152018
20212024
20272030
Year
Ha
wa
ii N
um
be
r
05,000,00010,000,00015,000,00020,000,00025,000,00030,000,00035,000,00040,000,00045,000,000
US Number
HI M 65 and over HI F 65 and over
US M 65 and over US F 65 and over
Households/ Respondents
All Household Members
65 Years and Older, All Members
Percent of Population
1998 4,382 12,923 151,236 12.7
1999 4,351 12,677 151,913 12.9
2000 5,882 17,183 155,233 13.1
2001 5,673 16,938 157,397 13.2
2002 5,244 15,516 159,857 13.3
2003 5,091 14,839 163,276 13.4
2004 6,769 19,699 166,781 13.5
2005 6,668 19,309 169,093 13.6
Hawai`i Health Survey (HHS)DOH, OHSM
Sample numbers provisionally weighted and *(total numbers are adjusted as the homeless,
Table 1. Sample and Weighted Numbers for 65 years, Hawaii Health Survey 1998-2005
YEAR
Sample Size Weighted Size
Hawaii's population is aging The age group from 45-64 is increasing the fastest.
Figure 2. Number of Females By Age, Hawai‘i Health Survey 1998-2005
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
<1 1-4 5-9 10-14
15-24
25-34
35-44
45-54
55-64
65-74
75-84
85-94
95-104
Age
Po
pu
lati
on
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Figure 3. Number of Males By Age, Hawai‘i Health Survey 1998-2005
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
<1 1-4 5-9 10-14
15-24
25-34
35-44
45-54
55-64
65-74
75-84
85-94
95-104
Age
Po
pu
lati
on
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
If the Census projected data are again examined. The actual percent change for 2010 and 2030 for the 65 population is:
By 2010 19.0% percent increase from 2000. By 2030 103.6% percent increase by 2030.
What does the increase in population mean for the prevalence of health conditions in the 65 population for the future when the 45-54 year old age group ages? First let us look at prevalence of health conditions.
Figure 4. Arthritis Prevalence By Year Over 64 Years, HHS 1998-2007*
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005Year
Per
cen
t
Total Asthma Female Male Linear (Total Asthma)
Figure 5. Asthma Prevalence By Year Over 64 Years, HHS 1998-2007*
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Year
Per
cen
t
Total Asthma Female Male Linear (Total Asthma)
Figure 6. Diabetes Prevalence By Year Over 64 Years, HHS 1998-2007*
0.0
5.010.0
15.0
20.0
25.030.0
35.0
40.0
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Year
Per
cen
t
Total Diabetes Female Male Linear (Total Diabetes)
Figure 7. HBP Prevalence By Year Over 64 Years, HHS 1998-2007*
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Year
Per
cen
t
Total HBP Female Male Linear (Total HBP)
HBC has also increased for both males and females from 1998 to 2005. The increase was statistically significant (pairwise statistical comparison at (а<0.05).
The Hawai‘i Health Survey, initiated in 1968, was originally modeled after the National Health Interview Survey as a ‘face to face’ survey and became a telephone survey in 1996. It is implemented through the Hawai‘i Department of Health (DOH), Office of Health Status Monitoring (OHSM). SMS Research, Honolulu, does the actual telephone interviewing by a Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI) system. By year the sample includes over 6,000 adults with approximately 15,000 household members. The survey response is approximately 50%.
Population not surveyed include households without telephones, homeless, group quarters, and the island of Ni‘ihau. Sample data are weighted and adjusted using Census data, vital record data from OHSM, and proprietary information from SMS Research. Sample numbers are weighted to represent the households in Hawai‘i adult population,, or the population of Hawai‘i. Data are analyzed using SAS and SUDAAN taking into account the complex survey design.
Ethnicity Summary
Prevalence of asthma, diabetes, HBP, and HBC are increasing in the 65 population of Hawai‘i. The female population may have a different pattern of increase when compared to the males.
Figure 8. HBC Prevalence By Year Over 64 Years, HHS 1998-2007*
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005*
Year
Per
cen
t
Total HBC Female Male Linear (Total HBC)
State Number% of Total Population
Number% of Total Population
Number% of Total Population
United States 34,991,753 12.4 40,243,713 13.0 71,453,471 19.7
.Hawaii 160,601 13.3 191,065 14.3 326,957 22.3
Increase in Population Numbers 30,464 166,356
Percent Change from 2000 Population + 19.0% + 103.6%Footnote:
U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division, Interim State Population Projections, 2005.
Internet Release Date: April 21, 2005http://www.census.gov/population/projections/PressTab5.xls Downloaded October 10, 2007
Table 2: Interim Projections: Population 65 and Older: 2000, 2010, and 20302
2000 2010 2030
Variable Arthritis Asthma Diabetes HBP HBCIncrease In:
Numbers 48,407 10,935 25,615 74,503 56,976Percent 97.6 97.1 96.5 96.7 96.6
DOH, OHSM
Table 3. 2003-2005 HHS Prevalence Estimates by Gender and Age* Applied to 2030 Population Projection for Hawai‘i
Hawai`i Health Survey (HHS)
3Hawaii Health Survey 2005 Survey Manual, Hawai‘i Department of Health, Office of Health Status Monitoring, Prepared By SMS Research and Marketing Services, Inc. July 2005.
4Projected State-Specific Increases in Self-Reported Doctor Diagnosed Arthritis and Arthritis Attributable Activity Limitations --- United States, 2005-2030.
MMWR May 4, 2007 / Vol 56, No 17;423-425. www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5617a3.htm
It is projected that the population 65 years will increase in Hawai‘i but also the prevalence of selected health conditions. The numbers for projections for prevalence estimates for the year 2030 suggested here may be conservative as the increasing prevalence of asthma, diabetes, HBP, and HBC are not taken into account. In addition, patterns vary considerably by ethnicity.
Limitations: Prevalence for health conditions are self reported and proxy information for other than the respondent. Group quarters (hospitals, nursing, care homes), homeless, and households without telephones are not sampled.
Data was also examined by full and part ethnicity for the Hawaiian, Filipino, Japanese, and White population of Hawai‘i. There are distinct differences. Table 4 summarizes some of the highest increases in prevalence by full/part ethnicity. Please see our Web site listed below for further information.
Ethnicity Full/ Part Condition 1998-2000 2003-2005Hawaiian Full Diabetes 15.2 20.2
Part HBP 41.4 55.6HBC 29.2 36.3
White Part HBP 41.5 56.2Part HBC 28.3 37.1
Filipino Part HBP 39.1 56.4Part HBC 33.5 40.1
Japanese Part HBP 41.1 52.8
Table 4. Prevalence Increases By Ethnicity Full/Part from 1998-2000 to 2003-2005*
