Trends Assessments City of Cambridge New Mobility Blueprint€¦ · Data Source: 2015-2017 ACS...
Transcript of Trends Assessments City of Cambridge New Mobility Blueprint€¦ · Data Source: 2015-2017 ACS...
October 7, 2019
1Cambridge New Mobility Blueprint Trends Assessment
Trends AssessmentsCity of CambridgeNew Mobility Blueprint
New Mobility Blueprint
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Purpose:
The goal of the New Mobility Blueprint is to develop actionable recommendations for policy, programs, and regulations that will help the City implement new mobility options in a way that aligns with and advances existing values and policies.
Understand the Present State Plan for the Future
New Mobility Blueprint
Policy Audit
Trends Assessment
EV Pilot
Implementation Blueprint
Proposed Regulatory Strategy
Public Engagement Approach
Cambridge New Mobility Blueprint Trends Assessment
Executive Summary
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Preparing for the future of mobility requires a thoroughunderstanding of the current mobility ecosystem. The NewMobility Blueprint Trends Assessment identifies current trendsfor existing modes in Cambridge. The goal is to identify barriersand opportunities to prepare the City for a better and cleanertransportation future.
IntroductionWith this Trends Assessment, we identify barriers and opportunitiesthat would allow Cambridge to shape how new mobility options areimplemented, in order to strive towards and prepare for animproved, safer, more equitable transportation experience.
We take a people-centric approach to the New Mobility Blueprint,with a key emphasis on people journeys. The goal was tounderstand trends at both a high-level and detailed scale—forspecific modes, as well as for the transportation ecosystem in itsentirety—in order to better understand and identify changes overtime.
The assessment relied on datasets including the AmericanCommunity Survey (ACS), data from the City of Cambridge,anonymized GPS data, and others.
Cambridge New Mobility Blueprint Trends Assessment
4Cambridge New Mobility Blueprint Trends Assessment
People Journeys Commuting Patterns Modes Assessment Traffic/Crashes
People Journeys5Cambridge New Mobility Blueprint Trends Assessment
People Journeys Commuting Patterns Modes Assessment Traffic/Crashes
The City of Cambridge is focused on helping people move around efficiently, safely, and equitably. Six scenarios represent a sample of the daily choices people make using transportation options currently available, to ground future policy discussions in the human experience.
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People Journeys
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Scenario 1 – Restaurant Worker
Work
Work
School
How can we provide door-to-door service for riders?
Takes bus from Charlestown to 1st
job in Cambridge with one transfer
Home
Walks to 2nd
job closer to home
How to make the transfer experience more seamless and connected?
What new technologies improve pedestrian safety?
Goes to bed and then walks the kids to school in the morning
Gets a ride home from a coworker; gets dropped 9
blocks from homeSchool Picks up kids
from school in the afternoon
Home
Home
Walks back home to rest
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Scenario 2 – Young Biotech Worker
Home
Work
Dinner
Bar
How to meet peak demand for shared bikes?
Is it legal to hail a ride in a self-driving car after a few drinks?
Rides Bluebikesto work
Calls a ride-hail vehicle for pickup after drinking
Takes T to Boston since Bluebikes
nearby are rented out in evening
rush hour
Would e-bikes encourage suburban residents to bike more to work?
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Scenario 3 – Working Parent/Caregiver with Kids
Home
School
School
Grocery
How to cope with peak loads for charging demand (both for the # of charging points available and for the electric grid)?
Are there dedicated parking spots available for EV owners at apartment buildings or are they set aside just for shared vehicles?
How many residential chargers are needed to prevent Cambridge residents from driving EVs to work to charge them there? Drives EV to
drop the kids off at school
Drives EV to pick the kids up and goes grocery shopping after
Drives EV to work and recharges in
workplace garage.
Work
How to encourage shopping destinations to provide EV chargers?
How to make walking, biking, and public transit feel possible for parents with small kids?
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Scenario 4 – High School Student
Home
Bikes with backpack
(and picks up bike the next
day)
Cafe
Will there be an autonomous shuttle service available at
school?
Work
Library
Will shared autonomous ride-
hail vehicles be more affordable in
the future?
Walks to nearby cafe to eat lunch
with friends
What are the opportunities for scooters and other forms of micro-mobility to supplement or complement transit services for longer trips?
Walks to the library
Takes T to work in Boston
Calls a ride-hail vehicle for pickup since it’s late
ClassHow do we encourage
more cycling and walking when it’s easier to just
take a ride-hail vehicle?
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Scenario 5 – Active Senior, Aging in Place
Home
Doctor
Store
Dinner
How to ensure people can use all available mobility services without needing a smart phone?
Walks to bus stop to go to doctor for routine check-up
Takes a cab to the store
Waits for subway to go home
Waits for Bus to go home
How to reduce empty buses, and instead provide services on demand?
How do we helppeople understand tipping etiquette for scenarios when they hail a cab and need to make multiple stops?
Home
Takes bus to meet a friend for dinner How to ensure that
Mobility as a Service plans are understandable, including for those who are less tech savvy?
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Scenario 6 – Person with Mobility Impairment
Home
Work
Bus Station
Friends
How can we make sure that people with disabilities enjoy equal flexibility and spontaneity in their transportation options?
Travels to bus station
Waits for T to go home
Travels to bus station to go to work, always plans extra commute time
Takes bus to meet up with friends
How can we increase the number of ADA-compliant stations?
How can we ensure that bus drivers stop to pick up people in wheelchairs and that ramps consistently work properly?
How can we ensure that all ride-hail vehicles have fold out ramps and lifts?
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Resident Journeys Current Ecosystem Modes AssessmentWalk Bike Micro-mobility Transit EV All Vehicles
Commuting Patterns13Cambridge New Mobility Blueprint Trends Assessment
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Commute StatisticsOn average, 15% of daily trips taken nationally are for commuting purposes.
About 24% of Cambridge residents commute to work by walking, and7% of Cambridge residents commute to work by bike.
The national average across medium-sized cities for commuting by walking is 3%, while commuting by bike is 0.9%.
Data Source: American Community Survey (ACS) Data; Bicycling and Walking to Work in the United States: 2008-2012 by US Census BureauUS Bureau of Transportation Statistics
Over the past three decades, more people commuted by sustainable modes (walking, bike, and transit) and fewer by car (single occupancy vehicle and carpool). More people also worked from home.
People who work in Cambridge but don’t live in Cambridge are more dependent on single occupancy vehicles (SOV). This can be observed in the difference between the higher rate of workforce SOV trips, compared to that of the local labor force.
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How Cambridge Residents Commute to Work
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Mod
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38% 35% 31% 30% 26% 27%
8%5%
5% 4%3% 3%
24%25%
28% 28%31% 30%
3%4% 7% 7% 7% 7%
24% 24% 23% 24% 25% 24%
1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1%4% 5% 6% 7% 7% 8%
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1990 Census2000 Census 2006-2010 2011-2013 2014-2016 2015-2017
SOV Carpool Transit Bike Walk Other Work at Home
How People Commute to work in Cambridge
Sust
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Mod
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51% 51%45% 45% 42% 42%
11% 9%8% 7%
6% 7%
21% 23%26% 25% 29% 29%
2% 2% 4% 5% 5% 5%
13% 13% 13% 14% 13% 13%
0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1%2% 3% 3% 3% 4% 4%
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SOV Carpool Transit Bike Walk Other Work at Home
Data Source: American Community SurveyCambridge New Mobility Blueprint Trends Assessment
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Commute Time by Mode for Cambridge Residents
Data Source: 2015-2017 ACS average
More than 80% of workers living in Cambridge who commute by bike or walk to work have a commute of less than 30 minutes.
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bicycle
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Carpooled Drove Alone
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1-14 mins 15-29 mins 30-44 mins 45-59 mins 60 or more mins
The average commute time in Cambridge is 23.7 minutes, compared to 25.4 minutes nationally.
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How Cambridge Residents Commute to Work, by Mode Percentages
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Work at Home
BikeWalk Transit
Carpool Drive Alone
1% - 3%3% - 5%5% - 10%10% - 20%20% - 40%40% - 60%
0% - 1%
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How Long it Takes Cambridge Residents to Commute to Work, by Percentage
70% - 80%, Ranked Top 20 Percentiles60% - 69%, Ranked 20-40 Percentiles56% - 59%, Ranked 40-60 Percentiles54% - 55%, Ranked 60-80 Percentiles37% - 53%, Ranked Last 20 Percentiles
7.0% - 10%, Ranked Top 20 Percentiles5.6% - 6.9%, Ranked 20-40 Percentiles4.2% - 5.5%, Ranked 40-60 Percentiles3.6% - 4.1%, Ranked 60-80 Percentiles1.7% - 3.5%, Ranked Last 20 Percentiles
42% - 54%, Ranked Top 20 Percentiles40% - 41%, Ranked 20-40 Percentiles37% - 39%, Ranked 40-60 Percentiles32% - 36%, Ranked 60-80 Percentiles17% - 31%, Ranked Last 20 Percentiles
Data Source: 2015-2017 ACS average
Percentage of households commute between 0-29 Minutes
Percentage of households commute between 30-59 Minutes
Percentage of households commute more than 60 Minutes
The dark green areas have more people with commutes within the specified duration.
Cambridge New Mobility Blueprint Trends Assessment
Resident Journeys Current Ecosystem Modes AssessmentWalk Bike Micro-mobility Transit EV All Vehicles
Modes Assessment19Cambridge New Mobility Blueprint Trends Assessment
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Walk Bike Micro-mobility Transit RHV EV Automobile
Catalog of Modes
\
Pedestrian Bike Micro-Mobility
Transit Ride-Hail Vehicle Electric Vehicle Other Vehicles
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Walk
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Walking Patterns
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Walking Traffic
Half of walking traffic takes place between the hours of 9:00 AM and 5:30 PM.The lowest point of activity is around 4:30 AM.
Data Source: Anonymized GPS Data22
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Walking – Traffic Impact Studies
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Data Source: 2019 City of Cambridge Traffic Impact Studies
TIS counts were conducted manually at various locations across the City of Cambridge at predetermined times. It's worth noting that the drop in pedestrian counts during non-commute hours reflects collection hours.
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Cell colors represent daily average walking counts across the city. Since GPS data encompasses just a portion of the population, this map is not a visualization of all walking activity. Rather, it depicts the distribution of people walking across Cambridge.
Areas with the Highest Walking Activity in Cambridge
Data Source: Anonymized GPS Data
Number of People Walking1 2.9k
Average 278
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Bike
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Bluebikes Usage Trends34.6% more Bluebikes trips in 2018 than in 2017Bluebikes is the public bikeshare program owned by the cities of Cambridge, Boston, Brookline, Somerville and Everett.Bluebikes ridership has increased steadily since 2011. Trips made in Cambridge represent 49% of the cumulative 2017-2018 total in the Metro Boston area. The growth rate for ridership in Cambridge has been slightly higher than that of other participating communities since the start of the program.In 2018, there were 873,255 trips in Cambridge, which was a 34.6% increase in trips from the year prior. Bluebikes ridership has strong seasonal patterns. Most trips are taken between the months of July and October, at a rate approximately 3.5 times higher than the number of trips taken between December and March.Bluebikes service in Cambridge started in July 2012, with winter operations beginning in late 2013.
Data Source: Bluebikes All Riders Dataset
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Metro-Boston RidershipCambridge Ridership
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Bluebikes Daily Trends—2018
35.9% of Bluebikes trips on weekdays in 2018 were during morning and evening rush hours. 2597
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Data Source: 2018 Bluebikes All Riders Dataset—Cambridge only
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16.1% of weekday trips happened during 4:30PM – 6:30PM.
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Bluebikes Trip Duration in Cambridge
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Bluebikes Trip Duration—2018
<10 mins44%
10-20 mins34%
20-30 mins13%
>30 mins9%
Percent of Bluebikes Trips in Cambridge
Data Source: Bluebikes All Riders Dataset
44% of Bluebikes trips in Cambridge are shorter than 10 minutes.
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Bluebikes Station Use
The busiest stations in Cambridge are near Harvard, MIT and Kendall Sq.
Data Source: Bluebikes All Riders Dataset
Number of trips by station origin (2011-February 2019)
4K 470K
Avg. 37K
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Age of Bluebikes Riders
20-25
25-30
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Dominant Age Group
40-50
Users spread out all the ages
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Bluebikes stations near Harvard and MIT have more users that are 20 to 30 years old.Stations in East Cambridge near Kendall Square have more users between the ages of 30 and 50 years old.
Data Source: Bluebikes All Riders Data
20-2525-3030-4040-50No dominant age group
Cambridge New Mobility Blueprint Trends Assessment
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Bluebikes Station Usage: Time of DayBluebikes near Harvard and MIT have relatively even distribution of activities during the day.Bikes near Kendall Square are mostly used during morning and evening rush hours with low usage during the day.
Data Source: Bluebikes All Riders Data
More activities in morning rush hourRelatively even across the dayMore activities in evening rush hourEven activities in morning and evening rush hourLow activities during the day
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More activities in morning than evening rush hour
8 am 5 pm
Relatively even distribution during the day
More activities in evening than morning rush hour
Even activities in morning and evening rush hour
Even activities in morning and evening rush hour, low activity during the day
Temporal Distribution of Bluebikes usage
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Bluebikes Station Usage 2012‐2018
2012 2018
Consistent Amount
Rapid Increase
Decrease
Increase with new
Most Bluebikes stations have had similar usage over their years of operation. While some have enjoyed increased usage, very few stations have seen decreased usage.
Chan
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sData Source: Bluebikes All Riders Data
Consistent number of visits through yearsVisits increase rapidlyVisits increase due to new stationVisits decrease
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Eco‐Totem Bike Counts Trend
Data Source: Anonymized GPS Data, 2016 Cambridge Biennial Manual Bike Counts, Adjusted Eco-Totem Bike Counts
A permanent bicycle counter, the Eco-Totem, is installed on Broadway, between Third Street and Ames Street in Kendall Square. Because it counts only cyclists traveling in the bike lane and not those outside it, its data output requires adjustment. The City conducted counts using pneumatic tube technology for 48 hours on July 18 and 19, 2017, and manual counts at one-hour intervals across various times of day on six weekdays between July and September 2016. Additional manual verification counts were performed between July and September 2018.
Biking activity on Broadway in Kendall Square has been steady since 2016.Seasonal patterns strongly correlate with temperature.
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Eco‐Totem Bike Counts Trend
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The year-to-year overview clearly shows patterns that reflect the reconstruction of the Longfellow Bridge, which is the origin/destination of many people being counted by the Eco-totem. Patterns show a decline in ridership for the time that the Longfellow Bridge was under construction, and not very accessible to people bicycling, and a sharp rise in ridership after the reopening of the Longfellow Bridge in May 2019.
Data Source: Eco-Totem Bike Counts, Unadjusted
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S
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The color of each cell represents daily average bicycle trips distributed across the city. The darker the colored cell, the more daily bicycle trips. In order to conduct a representative analysis of biking in Cambridge, we compared GPS data, which encompasses the activity of just a subset of the overall population, with bike traffic counts from the 2016 Cambridge Study. The 2016 study, in which bikes were manually counted at 20 locations across the City, showed strong correlation with the GPS data. This correlation indicates that the GPS data is a highly representative subset of bike traffic in Cambridge. The blue circles on the map show the manual bike counts from the 2016 study. Overall, GPS data captured about a third of biking activities in Cambridge, which is significant for understanding bike traffic flow in the city.
Bike Traffic in Cambridge
Data Source: Anonymized GPS Data, 2016 Cambridge Biennial Manual Bike Counts
2016 Manual Bike Counts
Bike Lane
Bike Counts/Day by GPS
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Bike Traffic in Cambridge
About 11% of daily bike traffic occurs during morning rush hour (7:30-9:30 AM)About 15% of daily bike traffic occurs during evening rush hour (4:30-6:30 PM)
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About 26% of biking activity in Cambridge takes place during morning and evening rush hours.
Data Source: Anonymized GPS Data, 2016 Cambridge Biennial Manual Bike Counts
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Bike Activity in Cambridge7:00-8:00 AM 8:00-9:00 AM
12:00-1:00 PM 2:00-3:00 PM
Data Source: Anonymized GPS Data, 2016 Cambridge Biennial Manual Bike Counts Cambridge New Mobility Blueprint Trends Assessment
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Bike Activity in Cambridge4:00-5:00 PM 5:00-6:00 PM
6:00-7:00 PM 7:00-8:00 PM
Data Source: Anonymized GPS Data, 2016 Cambridge Biennial Manual Bike Counts 38Cambridge New Mobility Blueprint Trends Assessment
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Micro‐mobility
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Micro‐mobility
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otor
ized
Mot
orize
d
Non
-m
otor
ized
8:30
- 9:
30 A
M5:
15 -
6:15
PM
Mass Ave at Vassar St Mobility Devices Counts
On Sidewalk
On StreetData Source: 2018 Cambridge mobility device manual counts
8:30
-9:3
0 AM
5:15
-6:1
5 PM
40
“At the end of 2018, over 85,000 e-scooters were available for public use in about 100 U.S. cities.”-- Shared Micromobility in the US: 2018 by NACTOState legislation is currently pending that will allow municipalities to permit scooter share programs. A regional pilot is planned for spring 2020.On the evening of October 3, 2018 and during the morning hours of October 4, 2018, the City manually counted mobility devices (excluding non-motorized bicycles, which are the subject of biennial bicycle counts) at three locations-1. Broadway at Hampshire
(Kendall Square)2. Massachusetts Ave at JFK St
and Brattle St (Harvard Square)3. Massachusetts Ave at Vassar St
Cambridge New Mobility Blueprint Trends Assessment
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Transit
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Annual Bus Ridership
Data Source: MBTA data via the Community Development Department
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000
2014 2015 2016 2017
Num
ber o
f Pas
seng
ers
Daily Bus Ridership in Cambridge
Weekday On Weekday Off Sat On Sat Off Sun On Sun Off
“Overall, the MBTA has seen its ridership decline over the past 5 years, especially on its bus services and during off-peak times. Even during peak times, ridership is not growing as much as would be expected in a time of regional population and employment growth, indicating that transit is losing market share. The level and rate of decline, however, is not uniform: ridership on the Blue Line, much of the Commuter Rail system, and certain bus routes has grown over this time period.”
“Bus farebox interactions have dropped by about 8% during peak (weekday), and 10% off-peak (weekday).”
-- MBTA, 2019, A Neighborhood-Level Analysis of Changes in MBTA Bus Ridership
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Hourly Ridership of Buses Crossing Cambridge
Data Source: MBTA data
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
Aver
age
Wee
kday
Hou
rly R
ider
ship
Weekday Hourly Ridership of Buses Crossing Cambridge (2016-2017)
2016 2017
Cambridge New Mobility Blueprint Trends Assessment
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
AM PM
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Typical Daily Subway Ridership
The MBTA's rapid transit ridership is declining in Cambridge and other parts of the Greater Boston area.Subway ridership has been declining since 2014, except during weekday rush hours.
“Most of the decline is attributed to weekend and off-peak travel times…. The numbers refer to rides and not necessarily passengers. Some riders may still be using the T, just not as much.”
-- T’s declining ridership: Why and where, Boston Globe
Fare increases, availability of ride-hail vehicles, and relatively cheap gas may have contributed to the decline in ridership.
29.128.5
27.727.1
26.3
25
26
27
28
29
30
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
ly R
ider
ship
(m
illio
ns)
Subway Yearly Ridership in Cambridge
0
2
4
6
8
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
ly R
ider
ship
(mill
ions
)
Subway Yearly Ridership in Cambridge by Station
Alewife Central Square Davis Square Harvard
Kendall Square Lechmere Porter SquareData Source: MBTA data via the Community Development Department
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Subway Daily Average Ridership by Year
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Daily
Rid
ersh
ip
Weekday
Data Source: MBTA data via the Community Development Department
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Weekend
Alewife
Central Square
Davis Square
Harvard
Kendall Square
Lechmere
Porter Square
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Monthly Subway RidershipStrong seasonal pattern in winter.Ridership drops during the summer at Harvard, but not as much at other stations.
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Mon
thly
Rid
ersh
ip
Alewife Central Square Davis Square Harvard Kendall Square Lechmere Porter Square
Data Source: MBTA data via the Community Development DepartmentCambridge New Mobility Blueprint Trends Assessment
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Commuter Rail
Data Source: MBTA data via the Community Development Department
People travelling inbound on the commuter rail from Porter Square in the morning and to Porter Square in the evening likely work around the North Station area in Boston.
050
100150200250
6:35
AM
6:55
AM
7:53
AM
8:55
AM
10:1
0 AM
11:2
5 PM
12:5
5 PM
2:05
PM
3:40
PM
4:09
PM
4:41
PM
5:10
PM
5:46
PM
6:05
PM
6:35
PM
7:25
PM
8:55
PM
10:5
0 PM
12:2
0 AM
Num
ber o
f Peo
ple
Scheduled Time
Outbound Commuter Rail at Porter Sq
Ons
Offs
0
100
200
300
400
6:17
AM
7:13
AM
7:28
AM
8:11
AM
8:22
AM
8:48
AM
9:25
AM
10:5
7 AM
12:1
0 PM
1:19
PM
2:51
PM
4:11
PM
5:28
PM
6:00
PM
7:02
PM
8:18
PM
9:45
PM
10:4
9 PM
11:5
4 PM
Num
ber o
f Peo
ple
Scheduled Time
Inbound Commuter Rail at Porter Sq
Ons
Offs
People travelling outbound from Porter Square in the morning are generally commuting to work in the Waltham or Concord areas.
Cambridge New Mobility Blueprint Trends Assessment
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Ride‐hail Vehicles
48Cambridge New Mobility Blueprint Trends Assessment
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Ride‐Hail Vehicles
6,782,367
7,827,584
0
1,000,000
2,000,000
3,000,000
4,000,000
5,000,000
6,000,000
7,000,000
8,000,000
9,000,000
2017 2018
Num
ber o
f Rid
es
Annual Rides Starting in Cambridge
64.5
74.4
56.5
68.3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
2017 2018
Num
ber o
f Rid
es p
er P
erso
n
Rides/Person Starting in Cambridge
Cambridge Boston
Data Source: MA Department of Public Utilities (DPU), https://tnc.sites.digital.mass.gov/Cambridge New Mobility Blueprint Trends Assessment
People Journeys Commuting Patterns Modes Assessment Traffic/Crashes
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Electric Vehicles
50Cambridge New Mobility Blueprint Trends Assessment
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Cambridge EV ownership is growing at an accelerating rate.
0
20
40
60
80
100
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Num
ber o
f New
EV
by Z
ip C
ode
Year when rebates were applied
Number of New EV in Cambridge by Zipcode
02138 02139 02140 02141 02142
51
EV Ownership
Data Source: MASS DOER EV Rebate Data
02138:171
02140:101
02139:96
02142:13
02141:32
Zip Code :Number of Rebates for EV
0
50
100
150
200
250
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Num
ber o
f EVs
Number of New EVs in Cambridge
BEV PHEV PHEV+ ZEM
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EV Growth
0500
1,0001,5002,0002,5003,0003,5004,0004,500
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
Num
ber o
f EV
Number of EV in Cambridge
Massachusetts’s zero emission vehicle (ZEV) deployment initiative is aimed at having 300,000 ZEVs in MA by 2025. ZEVs include pure battery-electric vehicles (BEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), and hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs).
To support and align with the State’s goal of 300,000 EV’s on the road by 2025, Cambridge should proportionally have approximately 4,000 EVs registered (replacing gasoline vehicles) by 2025. If Cambridge maintains yearly EV registration growth rates above 40%, the city will meet this goal in 2025.
0%
50%
100%
150%
200%
250%
300%
350%
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
Year
ly G
row
th R
ate
EV Yearly Growth Rate in Cambridge
Data Source: MA DOER EV Rebate DataCambridge New Mobility Blueprint Trends Assessment
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EV Charging Station Usage Trends
Data Source: City of Cambridge EVSE Data
Utilization Rate When Parked =Time Spent Charging / Total Time EV Plugged in
In Cambridge, public charger usage is increasing.
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Occ
upan
cy R
ate
Occupancy Rate During Operation
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018Ut
iliza
tion
Rate
Overall Utilization Rate During Operation
Boston Properties
CambridgeSideGalleria
City of Cambridge
MIT
Porter SquareShopping Center
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Utili
zatio
n Ra
te w
hen
Park
ed
Utilization Rate When Parked
Occupancy Rate = Total Time EV Plugged in / Total Time Charging Station in Operation
Utilization Rate During Operation = Time Spent Charging / Total Time Charging Station in Operation
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EV Charging Station Usage Trends
Data Source: City of Cambridge EVSE Data
Of all chargers across the City, the Porter Square charging station has the highest occupancy rate, the best utilization rate when plugged in, and the best overall rate of utilization.
Cambridge Side Galleria operated about 74 days in 2018 from January to April with several maintenance events in between, which negatively impacted its usage.
High Occupancy Rate
High Utilization Rate when Plugged in
Porter SquareCity of Cambridge
Boston Properties
MIT
Cambridge Galleria
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EV Charging Station Users Pattern
Percentage of Users from Cambridge (%)
Porter Square 27.2
MIT 15.2
City of Cambridge 15.5
Cambridge Galleria 14.3
Boston Properties 5.9
The Porter Square Shopping Center charging station has the highest charging utilization rate and the highest number of local users.The City of Cambridge charging station has the largest user base. Most users at this station do not live in Cambridge.
Data Source: City of Cambridge EVSE DataCambridge New Mobility Blueprint Trends Assessment
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Automobile
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Vehicle Ownership
Data Source: 1960,1970, 1980, 1990, 2000 Census, 3-year average ACS from 2005 on, Cambridge RMV Registrations 1996-2018.
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005-2007 2008-2010 2011-2013 2014-2016 2015-2017
Num
ber o
f Hou
seho
lds
Vehicle Ownership in Cambridge—ACS Data
0 Vehicles 1 Vehicle 2 Vehicles 3+ Vehicles
Since 2005, the average number of vehicles owned per household in Cambridge has been approximately 0.9 vehicles.
While the total number of vehicles registered in Cambridge has increased, the % of households that own two or more cars has steadily decreased since 1990.
0.91 0.890.93
0.90 0.90
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000
50,000
2005-2007 2008-2010 2011-2013 2014-2016 2015-2017
Num
ber o
f Veh
icle
s per
H
ouse
hold
Num
ber o
f Veh
icle
s or
Hou
seho
lds
Number of Vehicles per Households in Cambridge
Est. Total Vehicles Owned by Households Total Households Vehicles per Households
Cambridge New Mobility Blueprint Trends Assessment
Traffic /Crashes
58Cambridge New Mobility Blueprint Trends Assessment
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Vehicle Traffic by Time of Day
59Cambridge New Mobility Blueprint Trends Assessment
0.0%
0.2%
0.4%
0.6%
0.8%
1.0%
1.2%
1.4%
00:0
000
:40
01:2
002
:00
02:4
003
:20
04:0
004
:40
05:2
006
:00
06:4
007
:20
08:0
008
:40
09:2
010
:00
10:4
011
:20
12:0
012
:40
13:2
014
:00
14:4
015
:20
16:0
016
:40
17:2
018
:00
18:4
019
:20
20:0
020
:40
21:2
022
:00
22:4
023
:20
Perc
enta
ge o
f Tra
ffic
in a
Day
Time (10 Minutes Interval)
About 17% of vehicle traffic happens between 7:30 and 10:30 AM.About 20% of vehicle traffic happens between 3:30 and 6:30 PM.
Evening rush hour lasts longer and has higher traffic intensity than morning rush hour.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11AM PM
Data Source: Anonymized GPS Data
People Journeys Commuting Patterns Modes Assessment Traffic/Crashes
Distribution of Car Traffic
60Cambridge New Mobility Blueprint Trends Assessment
Each map shows the distribution of car traffic at different times of day. Dark blue means the area has more traffic than other parts of the city at the same hour.The evening rush hour is busier than morning rush hour.Traffic is concentrated around Harvard, Lechmere, Kendall Square and Massachusetts Ave. between Central Square and MIT.
7:30-8:30 AM 8:30-9:30 AM 9:30-10:30 AM
3:30-4:30 PM 4:30-5:30 PM 5:30-6:30 PM
Data Source: Anonymized GPS Data
Number of Cars Counted by GPS Data1-5 6-10 11-20 21-40 41-60 61-80 80 or more
People Journeys Commuting Patterns Modes Assessment Traffic/Crashes
Average Speed on Traffic on Weekdays at 8 AM
61Cambridge New Mobility Blueprint Trends Assessment
Speed of traffic on major roads within Cambridge is mostly between 5 and 15 MPH.
Data Source: Here Maps API Traffic Data
People Journeys Commuting Patterns Modes Assessment Traffic/Crashes
62Cambridge New Mobility Blueprint Trends AssessmentData Source: Here Maps API Traffic Data
Average Speed on Traffic on Weekdays at 6 PM
Speed of traffic during the evening rush hour is slower than the morning rush hour.
People Journeys Commuting Patterns Modes Assessment Traffic/Crashes
Crashes: 2010‐2019
63Cambridge New Mobility Blueprint Trends Assessment
The annual crash count in Cambridge has been relatively consistent, numbering around 1,600 each year. However, since passage of Vision Zero in 2016, the City has enjoyed marginal decreases year over year. Last year, the Police Department reported 1,454 crashes, representing the least for any year included in the data, and a 15% decrease from the City’s 2011 peak of 1,708 crashes.
Data Source: Cambridge Police Department Crashes Data 2011- 2019
0200400600800
10001200140016001800
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019(throughMarch
30)
Num
ber o
f Cra
shes
Year
Yearly Number of Crashes
0200400600800
10001200
12:0
0 AM
1:00
AM
2:00
AM
3:00
AM
4:00
AM
5:00
AM
6:00
AM
7:00
AM
8:00
AM
9:00
AM
10:0
0 AM
11:0
0 AM
12:0
0 PM
1:00
PM
2:00
PM
3:00
PM
4:00
PM
5:00
PM
6:00
PM
7:00
PM
8:00
PM
9:00
PM
10:0
0 PM
11:0
0 PM
Num
ber o
f Cra
shes
Hour of Day
Crashes by Hour of Day
The best way to describe the relative change in the level of safety of travelling by bicycle is with a crash rate. A rate accounts for changes in volume of use.
Crashes per Million Bicycle Miles Traveled (BMT)
People Journeys Commuting Patterns Modes Assessment Traffic/Crashes
Heat Map of Crash Locations: 2010 ‐ 2019
64Cambridge New Mobility Blueprint Trends Assessment
The Massachusetts Ave. & Vassar St. intersection is the most dangerous in the City, with more than 90 crashes over more than years.
Much has changed since 2016 when the City adopted Vision Zero (several associated safety improvement projects are currently underway).
Massachusetts Ave & Vassar St
Data Source: Cambridge Police Department Crashes Data 2010-2019
People Journeys Commuting Patterns Modes Assessment Traffic/Crashes
65
Modes Trends Notes
Walking Cambridge, with 24% of residents commuting by walking, ranks first among 178 medium-sized cities in the US. It is 7% higher than the second-ranked city, Berkeley, CA, which has 17% of residents walking to work.
BikingWorkforce commuting by bike into Cambridge was 7.2% in 2012 (8.2% according to 2017 ACS data), which ranks 4th among the 178 medium-sized cities in the US in biking commute percentages. Compared to almost all other US cities, Cambridge is a strong performer. Furthermore, it has not yet peaked, especially considered relative to cities like Boulder, CO and Davis, CA.
Micro-mobility There is potential for an increase in the use of micro-mobility devices, given that Cambridge has not yet launched a shared scooter program.
Transit Both bus and subway ridership is declining, though rush hour trips on the subway have remained mostly flat.
RHV Ride-hail vehicle trips have been growing significantly. Cambridge has the highest number of trips per capita in Massachusetts.
EV Electric Vehicle adoption in Cambridge is growing faster than in Middlesex County and the State of Massachusetts, overall.
All Vehicles With an increase in population, the total number of vehicles will also grow.
Vehicles per Households
Car ownership per household is about 0.9, which is the national average of 1.8 vehicles per household. The percentage of households without any cars has grown from 28% to 32%.
Data Source: Bicycling and Walking to work in the US 2008-2012 by ACS 65
Summary of Transportation Trends
Cambridge New Mobility Blueprint Trends Assessment