Trends and challenges in Engineering geodesy Staiger.pdf · Tacheometry GNSS … in Post Processing...

Trends and challenges

in

Engineering geodesy

Rudolf STAIGER

[email protected]

46. Geodetski dan: GEODET INŽENIR

46th Slovenian Land Surveying Day: LAND SURVEYOR AS AN ENGINEERMaribor, 16. marec 2018

International Federation of SurveyorsFéderation Internationale des GéomètresInternationale Vereinigung der Vermessungsingenieure

1

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46th Slovenian Land Surveying Day: LAND SURVEYOR AS AN

ENGINEER

March 16th 2018

• Introduction

• What is Engineering Surveying?

• Historical Development of Surveying Instruments

• Measurement Technology Today

– Instruments

– User’s / Manufacturer’s / Metrologist‘s view

– Limits of Accuracy?

• Surveying project – yesterday today

• Surveyor „4.0“ Surveyor „1.0/2.0/3.0“

• Conclusions

Contents

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ENGINEER

March 16th 2018

What is Engineering Surveying?

Engineering Surveying

Objects

Tunnel

Bridge

Dam

Railroad

Highway

High Building

Industrial plant

Accelerator

Interaction when…?

Planning

construction

Monitoring during entirelifetime of the object

Artificial objects

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ENGINEER

March 16th 2018

201519901924Archaic

Periode1590

Optical

Periode

Elektro-Optical

PeriodeMulti-Sensor

Periode

OpticalArchaic Electro-Optical Multi-Sensor

Surveying Instruments Technical Development in 4 Phases

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ENGINEER

March 16th 2018

Technical progress since 1990

Time (Years)

Performance Effort / Costs

Dimensions

weight

expenses

Measurement time

Digital Registration

Compensators

Calculating Instruments

Application Programs

Motorization

Remote Control

Target Recognition

Target Tracking

Reflectorless

Combination with GNSS

Videotacheometry

Tacheometry GNSS

… in Post Processing

RTK

CORS-RTK

Combined withTacheometry

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ENGINEER

March 16th 2018

The surveying equipment – today – single points

Height MeasurementsGNSS

Digital Level Rotating Level

Tacheometrie

Binoculars+ EDM+ compass

Laser RadarTachymeter Laser Tracker Hand-Distancemeter

Smartphone

GNSS-Rover

GNSS-Base station

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ENGINEER

March 16th 2018

The surveying equipment – today – mass points

Camera Sensors

Stadt Biberach(Trimble)

Airborne Laser Scanner

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ENGINEER

March 16th 2018

NMT1 - Ground Penetrating Radar

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ENGINEER

March 16th 2018

NMT2 - Radar Interferometry

Source: http://www.igm-geophysik.de

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ENGINEER

March 16th 2018

NMT3 – Fibre Optics for Deformation Measurement

Source: https://www.marshall.edu

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ENGINEER

March 16th 2018

Is UAV – just a Hype or .... ?

Image from INTERGEO 2014 Flight Zone

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ENGINEER

March 16th 2018

UAV

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ENGINEER

March 16th 2018

Measurement – the Customer’s View

80% of our measurements are not controlled !

The user is convinced that his results are true!

He does not care for a regular check of the entire equipment!

Product life cycles (3 – 5 years) are too short!

The customer is using the instrument like a Black box

… and like an Office-software

Black box

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ENGINEER

March 16th 2018

Measurement – the Manufacturer’s view

Market concentrationSurveying is easy

Some Products are inspired by others!

Not every product, which could bedeveloped technically … appears on the market!

1. Fully automated leveling system

Kern Mekometer ME 5000

2. Highprecision-distance-measurement-device

Reasons for a new product...?

• New or improved functionality

• Non-availability of electronic components

• Reduction of manufacturing costs

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ENGINEER

March 16th 2018

Measurement – the Metrologist’s View

All instruments are fulfilling their specifications !

The traceability of geodetic measurements to

national standards is not always given!

Measurement system

Geometrical Qualityof our measurements?

The measurements are not always

carried out with sufficient care!

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ENGINEER

March 16th 2018

The limits of accuracy - yesterday

- multiple measurements- observer was directly involved in the measurement

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ENGINEER

March 16th 2018

The limits of accuracy- today 1

error rel. n/n

T = ± 1 K ± 110-6

p = ± 1 hPa ± 0,310-6

e = ± 1 hPa ± 0,0410-6

1. Distances

Speed of propagation of light

in the atmopshere

refraction index n

2. Heights

vertical refraction vertical temperature gradient dzdn

desired acquisition: 0,01 K/m

3. Angles Horizontal refraction

]K/m[]m[033,0]mgon[)( TgrdDT

example grd T = 0,5 K/m, D = 500m -> = 8,2 mgon

horizontal temperature gradientdxdn

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ENGINEER

March 16th 2018

The limits of accuracy- today 2

Influenced by…

• optical plumet (well adjusted?)

• tripod

• Spirit level

• experience of the operator

MeasurementsMeasurements

Leveling & centering

?

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ENGINEER

March 16th 2018

The surveying tasks – in the past and today

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ENGINEER

March 16th 2018

The different phases of a surveying project

In the past

Time

Presence

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ENGINEER

March 16th 2018

The planning phase today 1

Data format• Measurement data• Reference Data• Final product

LatencyTime delay

0.1 s …several months

ActualityRefreshment

period?

LODLOD=Level of Detail

Density of information

Geometrical quality

Trueness, Accuracy, Repeatability, uncertainty…

Product types

Map Numerical analysis

visualization

3D model

interactive model

Process data for machine guidance

-…

step 1 define the final product

Definition of the finalproduct(s)

Step 2

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ENGINEER

March 16th 2018

The planning phase today 2

Requirements fulfilled?

No

Yes

step 2define the data acquisition and the data processing

Data processingstrategy

Data acquisitionstrategy

Choice of….

Software for data

processing

Instruments …types and

models

Time frame

Object size

Environmental conditions

Vibrationsrefractionobject sensitivityobstacles security aspects,..

dependencies

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ENGINEER

March 16th 2018

1924

Optical

1990

Electro-Optical

The Surveyor in these different periods

2018

Multi-Sensor

Good eyes!

Good mechanic!

Good calculator!

Weatherproofed!

Surveyor 2.0

1590

Su

rve

yo

r 1

.0

Good eyes!

Good mechanic!

HP-41

MainframePC

Good calculator!

Weatherproofed!

Surveyor 3.0

Good eyes!

Good calculator!

Weatherproofed!

Good mechanic!

Surveyor 4.0

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ENGINEER

March 16th 2018

Comparison SURVEYOR 4.0 Surveyor 1.0 / 2.0

/ 3.0

Past = Surveyor 1.0-3.0

• The tasks are dynamic

• Multi-Use of data

• For each task several solutions!

• Engineers / Managers work

• the procedures are changing

• Decisions to be taken

• The tasks were static and welldefined

• Mono-Use of data

• for each task = 1 solution!

• Craftsmen / Engineers work

• the procedures are clear

• no decisions

Mapping

• Secret or limited access• expensive

• Public good• Free of charge

Surveying

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ENGINEER

March 16th 2018

Conclusion

Master the entire process

Planification

Uncertainty budget

Validation

Proof building

Data treatment

Data analysis

Visualization

Presentation

The SURVEYOR 4.0

SURVEYOR 1.0/2.0/3.0

Master the instrument

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ENGINEER

March 16th 2018

Your customer wants ....“Good + cheap + fast“….????

Thank youfor your attention!

Trends and challenges in Engineering geodesy Staiger.pdf · Tacheometry GNSS … in Post Processing...

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