Treehole mosquitoes
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Transcript of Treehole mosquitoes
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ROLE OF TREE-HOLES AS IMPORTANT BREEDING SITES OF MOSQUITOES (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) INCLUDING DISEASE VECTORS IN NORTH KERALA, INDIA
Sumodan, P.K and Jaseela, P.
P.G. Department of Zoology, Government College, Madappally, Vadakara- 673102
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INTRODUCTION
Mosquitoes are the most important insect disease vectors responsible for about 2 million deaths annually
Of the 3000 known species about 100 are vectors
Mosquitoes breed in variety of breeding sites Aedes mosquitoes are container breeders Tree-holes are natural container breeding sites The present study was carried out to reveal the
significance of tree-holes as mosquito breeding sites
The study was conducted from June-December 2009
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STUDY AREA
Vadakara Taluk (Kozhikode district)
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METHODOLOGY
Trees were surveyed randomly for holes in three localities in Vadakara Taluk (Madappally, Mukkali and Chekkiad)
Tree-holes up to a height of 6 feet were surveyed for mosquito breeding
Water from the hole siphoned out using a plastic tube into containers
Samples transferred to the laboratory for mosquito emergence and identification
Identified under stereomicroscope using standard keys (Barraud, 1934)
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COLLECTON
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TREE HOLES
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REARING
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OBSERVATIONS & RESULTS
Total tree-holes surveyed: 100 Tree-hole with mosquito breeding : 100
(100%)
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SPECIES DIVERSITY
Aedes albopictus -100% Heizmannia chandi- 90% Culex brevipalpis- 10% Armigeres subalbatus-10% Toxorhynchites splendens-15%
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AEDES ALBOPICTUS
Vector of Chikungunya and Dengue Described as Culex albopictus by Skuse
(1894) from Calcutta
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HEIZMANNIA CHANDI
Vectorial status- not known Described from Puthuppadi, Kozhikode
district in 1922 by Edwards
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CULEX BREVIPALPIS
Vectorial status- not known Described as Stegomyia brevipalpis by Giles
in 1902 from Shajahanpur
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ARMIGERES SUBALBATUS
Suspected vector of Wuchhereria bancrofti, Japanese Encephalitis and dog heart worm Dirofilaria immitis
Described as Culex obturbans by Walker (1860)
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TOXORHYNCHITES SPLENDENS
Non-blood feeding species Larvae are predators of other mosquito
larvae Described as Culex splendens by Wiedemann
from Java in 1819
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BREEDING PERCENTAGE
Aede
s al
bopi
ctus
Heizm
anni
a ch
andi
i
Arm
iger
es sub
alab
atus
Culex
bre
vipa
lpis
Toxo
rhyn
chite
s sp
lend
ens
0
30
60
90
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BREEDING ABUNDANCE BASED ON EMERGENCE
Aedes albopictus – 56.5% Heizmannia chandi-35.8% Culex brevipalpis- 2.8% Armigeres subalbatus-3.2% Toxorhynchites splendens-1.8%
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SPECIES ABUNDANCE
Aedes albopicusHeizmannia chandiCulex brevipalpisArmigeres sub-albatusToxorhynchites splendens
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DISCUSSION 100% of tree-holes were positive for mosquito-
breeding. Hence it is an important category of breeding sites
Aedes albopictus, the vector for Dengue and Chikungunya was found breeding in all tree-holes surveyed. They were also the most abundant species.
Toxorhynchites splendens, the predator mosquito was also found breeding in 15% of the tree-holes, which may be used as a control agent
The study emphasizes the need of including tree-holes in the anti-mosquito strategy of public health authorities
More research is needed to formulate effective control strategies in these neglected breeding sites.
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Any questions?
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Thank you