Tree IdentificationTree Identification

American elm American elm Ulmaceae Ulmaceae Ulmus americanaUlmus americana

Leaf:Leaf: Alternate, 3 to 6 inches long, 1 to 3 inches wide; margin coarsely Alternate, 3 to 6 inches long, 1 to 3 inches wide; margin coarsely and sharply doubly serrate, base of leaf conspicuously inequilateral; and sharply doubly serrate, base of leaf conspicuously inequilateral; upper surface glabrous or slightly scabrous, paler and downy beneath. upper surface glabrous or slightly scabrous, paler and downy beneath. Flower: Appears March to May before leaf buds open, in fascicles of 3 to Flower: Appears March to May before leaf buds open, in fascicles of 3 to 5. 5.

Fruit:Fruit: Rounded samaras, 3/8 to 1/2 inch across, deeply notched at apex, Rounded samaras, 3/8 to 1/2 inch across, deeply notched at apex, hairless except for margin; appears April to May. hairless except for margin; appears April to May.

Twig:Twig: Slender, glabrous, slightly zigzag, reddish-brown; buds over 1/4 Slender, glabrous, slightly zigzag, reddish-brown; buds over 1/4 inch long, reddish-brown with darker edged scales, often placed a little to inch long, reddish-brown with darker edged scales, often placed a little to one side of the twig. one side of the twig.

Bark:Bark: Dark, ashy-gray, flat-topped ridges separated by diamond-shaped Dark, ashy-gray, flat-topped ridges separated by diamond-shaped fissures; outer bark when sectioned shows distinct, alternating, buff fissures; outer bark when sectioned shows distinct, alternating, buff colored and reddish-brown patches. When young it is often quite spongy. colored and reddish-brown patches. When young it is often quite spongy.

Form:Form: In the open, the trunk is usually divided into several large, In the open, the trunk is usually divided into several large, ascending and arching limbs, ending in a maze of graceful drooping ascending and arching limbs, ending in a maze of graceful drooping branchlets. branchlets.

American elm American elm Ulmaceae Ulmus americanaUlmaceae Ulmus americana

Baldcypress Baldcypress Taxodiaceae Taxodiaceae Taxodium distichumTaxodium distichum

Leaf:Leaf: Linear and small, 1/4 to 3/4 inch long, green to yellow-green, Linear and small, 1/4 to 3/4 inch long, green to yellow-green, generally appearing two-ranked. When growing on deciduous branchlets generally appearing two-ranked. When growing on deciduous branchlets the leaf-deciduous branchlet structure resembles a feathery pinnately (or the leaf-deciduous branchlet structure resembles a feathery pinnately (or bi-pinnately) compound leaf. Flower: Males in drooping long panicles. bi-pinnately) compound leaf. Flower: Males in drooping long panicles. Females are subglobose, peltate scales, and tend to occur near the end Females are subglobose, peltate scales, and tend to occur near the end of branches. of branches.

Fruit:Fruit: Cones are composed of peltate scales forming a woody, brown Cones are composed of peltate scales forming a woody, brown sphere with rough surfaces, 3/4 to 1 inch in diameter. Cones disintegrate sphere with rough surfaces, 3/4 to 1 inch in diameter. Cones disintegrate into irregular-shaped seeds. into irregular-shaped seeds.

Twig:Twig: May be deciduous or not. Non-deciduous twigs are slender, May be deciduous or not. Non-deciduous twigs are slender, alternate, brown, rough, with round buds near the end of the twig. alternate, brown, rough, with round buds near the end of the twig. Deciduous twigs are two-ranked, resembling pinnately compound leaves. Deciduous twigs are two-ranked, resembling pinnately compound leaves.

Bark:Bark: Fibrous, red-brown but may be gray where exposed to the weather. Fibrous, red-brown but may be gray where exposed to the weather. Old, thick bark may appear somewhat scaly. Old, thick bark may appear somewhat scaly.

Form:Form: A large tree with a pyramid-shaped crown, cylindrical bole, fluted A large tree with a pyramid-shaped crown, cylindrical bole, fluted or buttressed base and often with knees. or buttressed base and often with knees.

BaldcypressBaldcypress Taxodiaceae Taxodium distichumTaxodiaceae Taxodium distichum

American basswood American basswood Tiliaceae Tilia americanaTiliaceae Tilia americana

Leaf:Leaf: Alternate, simple, pinnately veined, ovate to cordate, 5 to 6 inches Alternate, simple, pinnately veined, ovate to cordate, 5 to 6 inches long, with serrate margins. The base is unequally cordate. Flower: Pale long, with serrate margins. The base is unequally cordate. Flower: Pale yellow, borne on pendulous cymes, with a narrow leaf-like bract. Maturing yellow, borne on pendulous cymes, with a narrow leaf-like bract. Maturing June to July. June to July.

Fruit:Fruit: A round, unribbed nutlet that is covered with gray-brown hair. The A round, unribbed nutlet that is covered with gray-brown hair. The bract is persistent, 4 inches long when mature. Ripening September to bract is persistent, 4 inches long when mature. Ripening September to October. October.

Twig:Twig: Moderately stout, zigzag, red or green in color. The terminal bud is Moderately stout, zigzag, red or green in color. The terminal bud is false. Buds are edible and very mucilaginous. false. Buds are edible and very mucilaginous.

Bark:Bark: Gray or brown, ridged with long shallow furrows. The bark appears Gray or brown, ridged with long shallow furrows. The bark appears very fibrous. Young stems are smooth and gray-green. very fibrous. Young stems are smooth and gray-green.

Form:Form: A medium-sized tree. Older trees very often sprout from the base A medium-sized tree. Older trees very often sprout from the base when cut. Stumps sprout prolifically, often resulting in clumps of several when cut. Stumps sprout prolifically, often resulting in clumps of several trees. trees.

American basswood American basswood Tiliaceae Tilia americanaTiliaceae Tilia americana

American beech American beech Fagaceae Fagaceae Fagus grandifoliaFagus grandifolia

Leaf:Leaf: Alternate, simple, elliptical to oblong-ovate, 2 1/2 to 5 1/2 inches Alternate, simple, elliptical to oblong-ovate, 2 1/2 to 5 1/2 inches long, pinnately-veined, with each vein ending in a tooth. Leaves feel dry long, pinnately-veined, with each vein ending in a tooth. Leaves feel dry and papery. and papery.

Flower:Flower: Male flowers borne on globose heads, female flowers borne on Male flowers borne on globose heads, female flowers borne on spikes. Flowers appear just after leaves in the spring. spikes. Flowers appear just after leaves in the spring.

Fruit:Fruit: Nuts are irregularly triangular, shiny brown and edible, found in Nuts are irregularly triangular, shiny brown and edible, found in pairs within a woody husk covered with spines, 1/2 to 3/4 inch long. pairs within a woody husk covered with spines, 1/2 to 3/4 inch long. Maturing September to November. Maturing September to November.

Twig:Twig: Very slender, zigzag, light brown in color. Buds are long (3/4 inch), Very slender, zigzag, light brown in color. Buds are long (3/4 inch), light brown, and slender, covered with overlapping scales; best described light brown, and slender, covered with overlapping scales; best described as "cigar-shaped". as "cigar-shaped".

Bark:Bark: The bark is smooth, thin, and gray in color, sometimes mottled. The bark is smooth, thin, and gray in color, sometimes mottled. Often carved with initials. Often carved with initials.

Form:Form: A medium to large tree with a rounded crown. Often found in A medium to large tree with a rounded crown. Often found in thickets produced by root suckering. Old trees may be surrounded by a thickets produced by root suckering. Old trees may be surrounded by a ring of young beech. ring of young beech.

American beech American beech Fagaceae Fagus grandifoliaFagaceae Fagus grandifolia

Black cherry Black cherry Rosaceae Rosaceae Prunus serotinaPrunus serotina

Leaf:Leaf: Alternate, 2 to 5 inches long, oval to oblong, lance-shaped. Margins Alternate, 2 to 5 inches long, oval to oblong, lance-shaped. Margins are finely serrated, dark green and lustrous above, paler below; usually are finely serrated, dark green and lustrous above, paler below; usually with a dense yellowish-brown, sometimes white pubescence along mid-with a dense yellowish-brown, sometimes white pubescence along mid-rib. Flower: White racemes appear when leaves are half to newly formed. rib. Flower: White racemes appear when leaves are half to newly formed. Flowers May to July. Flowers May to July.

Fruit:Fruit: Flesh is dark purple, almost black when ripe, with a bitter-sweet Flesh is dark purple, almost black when ripe, with a bitter-sweet taste. Matures June to October. taste. Matures June to October.

Twig:Twig: Slender, reddish-brown, sometimes covered in gray epidermis, Slender, reddish-brown, sometimes covered in gray epidermis, pronounced bitter almond odor and taste. Buds are about 1/5 inch long pronounced bitter almond odor and taste. Buds are about 1/5 inch long covered in several, glossy, reddish-brown to greenish scales. Leaf scars covered in several, glossy, reddish-brown to greenish scales. Leaf scars are small and semicircular with 3 bundle scars. are small and semicircular with 3 bundle scars.

Bark:Bark: Smooth with narrow, horizontal lenticels when young. It becomes Smooth with narrow, horizontal lenticels when young. It becomes very dark (nearly black) breaking up into small, rough, irregular, upturned very dark (nearly black) breaking up into small, rough, irregular, upturned plates (burnt corn flakes), when older. plates (burnt corn flakes), when older.

Form:Form: Medium-sized tree which on good sites develops a long, straight, Medium-sized tree which on good sites develops a long, straight, clear bole. clear bole.

Black cherry Black cherry Rosaceae Prunus serotinaRosaceae Prunus serotina

Black locust Black locust Fabaceae Fabaceae Robinia pseudoacaciaRobinia pseudoacacia

Leaf:Leaf: Alternate, pinnately compound with 7 to 19 leaflets. Leaves are 8 to Alternate, pinnately compound with 7 to 19 leaflets. Leaves are 8 to 14 inches long. Leaflets are oval, one inch long, with entire margins. 14 inches long. Leaflets are oval, one inch long, with entire margins. Leaves resemble sprigs of grapes. Leaves resemble sprigs of grapes.

Flower:Flower: Showy and aromatic, white, 5 lobed, borne in racemes, 5 inches Showy and aromatic, white, 5 lobed, borne in racemes, 5 inches long. Present May through June. long. Present May through June.

Fruit:Fruit: Brown, flattened, shaped like pea pods, 2 to 4 inches long; Brown, flattened, shaped like pea pods, 2 to 4 inches long; containing 4 to 8 kidney-shaped, smooth, red-brown seeds. Maturing containing 4 to 8 kidney-shaped, smooth, red-brown seeds. Maturing September to October. September to October.

Twig:Twig: Zigzag, somewhat stout and angular, red-brown in color. Spines Zigzag, somewhat stout and angular, red-brown in color. Spines are paired, 2 at each leaf. Buds are submerged beneath the leaf scar. are paired, 2 at each leaf. Buds are submerged beneath the leaf scar.

Bark:Bark: Gray or dark brown, ridged and furrowed-- resembles a woven Gray or dark brown, ridged and furrowed-- resembles a woven rope. rope.

Form:Form: May develop a straight stem with a very small crown. Often forms May develop a straight stem with a very small crown. Often forms thickets by root suckering. thickets by root suckering.

Black locust Black locust Fabaceae Robinia pseudoacaciaFabaceae Robinia pseudoacacia

Black walnut Black walnut Juglandaceae Juglandaceae Juglans nigraJuglans nigra

Leaf:Leaf: Alternate, pinnately compound with 10 to 24 leaflets, 12 to 24 Alternate, pinnately compound with 10 to 24 leaflets, 12 to 24 inches long. Leaflets are ovate-lanceolate, finely serrate, and are 3 to 3 inches long. Leaflets are ovate-lanceolate, finely serrate, and are 3 to 3 1/2 inches long. The rachis is stout and somewhat pubescent. Poorly 1/2 inches long. The rachis is stout and somewhat pubescent. Poorly formed or missing terminal leaflet. Flower: Male flowers are single-formed or missing terminal leaflet. Flower: Male flowers are single-stemmed catkins, 2 1/2 to 5 1/2 inches long. Female flowers on short stemmed catkins, 2 1/2 to 5 1/2 inches long. Female flowers on short spikes near twig end, yellow-green in color. Present April to June. spikes near twig end, yellow-green in color. Present April to June.

Fruit:Fruit: Round with a thick, green indehiscent husk. The husk contains an Round with a thick, green indehiscent husk. The husk contains an irregularly furrowed nut that contains sweet, oily meat (edible). Maturing irregularly furrowed nut that contains sweet, oily meat (edible). Maturing September to October. September to October.

Twig:Twig: Stout, light brown, with a buff-colored chambered pith. Buds are Stout, light brown, with a buff-colored chambered pith. Buds are short, blunt with a few pubescent scales. Leaf scars are 3-lobed, short, blunt with a few pubescent scales. Leaf scars are 3-lobed, resembling a "monkey face". resembling a "monkey face".

Bark:Bark: Light brown on surface, dark brown when cut, ridged and furrowed Light brown on surface, dark brown when cut, ridged and furrowed with a rough diamond pattern. with a rough diamond pattern.

Form:Form: A medium-sized tree that developes a straight, clear bole with a A medium-sized tree that developes a straight, clear bole with a narrow crown under competition. Twigs and branches quite stout.narrow crown under competition. Twigs and branches quite stout.

Black walnut Black walnut Juglandaceae Juglans nigraJuglandaceae Juglans nigra

Blackgum Blackgum Nyssaceae Nyssa Nyssaceae Nyssa sylvaticasylvatica

Leaf:Leaf: Alternate, simple, pinnately veined, obovate in shape with an entire Alternate, simple, pinnately veined, obovate in shape with an entire margin, 3 to 5 inches long. Rarely toothed. Flower: Not showy, green-margin, 3 to 5 inches long. Rarely toothed. Flower: Not showy, green-white in color, appearing with the leaves, hanging in clusters. white in color, appearing with the leaves, hanging in clusters.

Fruit:Fruit: A dark, purplish-blue drupe, 1/2 inch long, with a fleshy coating A dark, purplish-blue drupe, 1/2 inch long, with a fleshy coating surrounding a ribbed pit. surrounding a ribbed pit.

Twig:Twig: Slender, red-brown to gray in color, with a diaphragmed pith. One Slender, red-brown to gray in color, with a diaphragmed pith. One to 2 inch curved spur shoots are often present. Buds are multicolored, to 2 inch curved spur shoots are often present. Buds are multicolored, including purple and green. including purple and green.

Bark:Bark: Gray, quite often blocky--resembling alligator hide on very old Gray, quite often blocky--resembling alligator hide on very old stems. Otherwise scaly or ridged and ashy-gray (nearly nondescript). stems. Otherwise scaly or ridged and ashy-gray (nearly nondescript).

Form:Form: A medium-sized tree, with slightly curled spur shoots. Branches A medium-sized tree, with slightly curled spur shoots. Branches stand at right angles to the trunk.stand at right angles to the trunk.

Blackgum Blackgum Nyssaceae Nyssa sylvaticaNyssaceae Nyssa sylvatica

Boxelder Boxelder Aceraceae Acer Aceraceae Acer negundonegundo

Leaf:Leaf: Opposite, pinnately compound, 3 to 5 leaflets (sometimes 7), 2 to 4 Opposite, pinnately compound, 3 to 5 leaflets (sometimes 7), 2 to 4 inches long, margin coarsely serrate or somewhat lobed, shape variable, inches long, margin coarsely serrate or somewhat lobed, shape variable, green above and paler below. green above and paler below.

Flower:Flower: Dioecious; yellow-green, in drooping racemes; appearing in April Dioecious; yellow-green, in drooping racemes; appearing in April and May. and May.

Fruit:Fruit: Paired V-shaped samara, 1 to 1 1/2 inches long, appear September Paired V-shaped samara, 1 to 1 1/2 inches long, appear September to October in drooping clusters, persist throughout winter. to October in drooping clusters, persist throughout winter.

Twig:Twig: Green to purplish green, moderately stout, leaf scars narrow, Green to purplish green, moderately stout, leaf scars narrow, meeting in raised points, often covered with a glaucous bloom, buds white meeting in raised points, often covered with a glaucous bloom, buds white and hairy, lateral buds appressed. and hairy, lateral buds appressed.

Bark:Bark: Thin, gray to light brown, with shallow interlacing ridges. Young Thin, gray to light brown, with shallow interlacing ridges. Young bark is generally warty. bark is generally warty.

Form:Form: Medium-sized tree, usually has poor form, multiple trunks, sprouts Medium-sized tree, usually has poor form, multiple trunks, sprouts often occur on bole. often occur on bole.

Boxelder Boxelder Aceraceae Acer negundoAceraceae Acer negundo

Butternut Butternut Juglandaceae Juglandaceae Juglans cinereaJuglans cinerea

Leaf:Leaf: Alternate, pinnately compound with 11 to 17 leaflets, 15 to 25 inches Alternate, pinnately compound with 11 to 17 leaflets, 15 to 25 inches long. The leaflets are oblong-lanceolate in shape with serrate margins. The long. The leaflets are oblong-lanceolate in shape with serrate margins. The rachis is stout and pubescent with a well developed terminal leaflet. Flower: rachis is stout and pubescent with a well developed terminal leaflet. Flower: Male flowers are single-stemmed catkins, 2 1/2 to 5 1/2 inches long. Female Male flowers are single-stemmed catkins, 2 1/2 to 5 1/2 inches long. Female flowers are on a spike near the end of the twig, green-yellow in color. flowers are on a spike near the end of the twig, green-yellow in color. Present April to June. Present April to June.

Fruit:Fruit: Oblong, with a yellow-green sticky indehiscent husk. The husk Oblong, with a yellow-green sticky indehiscent husk. The husk contains an irregularly-ribbed nut containing sweet, oily meat. Maturing contains an irregularly-ribbed nut containing sweet, oily meat. Maturing September to October. September to October.

Twig:Twig: Stout, may be somewhat pubescent, red-brown to gray, with a Stout, may be somewhat pubescent, red-brown to gray, with a chambered pith that is very dark brown in color. Buds are large and covered chambered pith that is very dark brown in color. Buds are large and covered with a few light colored pubescent scales. Leaf scars are 3-lobed, with a few light colored pubescent scales. Leaf scars are 3-lobed, resembling a "monkey face". A tuft of pubescence is present above the leaf resembling a "monkey face". A tuft of pubescence is present above the leaf scar resembling an "eyebrow". scar resembling an "eyebrow".

Bark:Bark: Light, ashy gray, with flattened ridges, developing diamond shaped Light, ashy gray, with flattened ridges, developing diamond shaped patterns. patterns.

Form:Form: A small to medium-sized tree with a forked or crooked trunk and A small to medium-sized tree with a forked or crooked trunk and wide-spreading branches. wide-spreading branches.

Butternut Butternut Juglandaceae Juglans cinereaJuglandaceae Juglans cinerea

Cottonwood Cottonwood Salicaceae Salicaceae Populus deltoidesPopulus deltoides

Leaf:Leaf: Alternate, simple, pinnately veined, 3 to 6 inches long, triangular Alternate, simple, pinnately veined, 3 to 6 inches long, triangular (deltoid) in shape with a crenate/serrate margin. The petiole is flattened (deltoid) in shape with a crenate/serrate margin. The petiole is flattened and glands are present at the top of the petiole. and glands are present at the top of the petiole.

Flower:Flower: Dioecious, male and female as pendulous catkins, appearing Dioecious, male and female as pendulous catkins, appearing before the leaves. before the leaves.

Fruit:Fruit: Cottony seeds, 1/4 inch long borne in a dehiscent capsule. Cottony seeds, 1/4 inch long borne in a dehiscent capsule. Maturing over summer. Maturing over summer.

Twig:Twig: Stout, somewhat angled and yellowish. Buds are 3/4 inch long, Stout, somewhat angled and yellowish. Buds are 3/4 inch long, covered with several brown, resinous scales. Has a bitter aspirin taste. covered with several brown, resinous scales. Has a bitter aspirin taste.

Bark:Bark: Smooth, gray to yellow-green when young. Later turning gray with Smooth, gray to yellow-green when young. Later turning gray with thick ridges and deep furrows. thick ridges and deep furrows.

Form:Form: A large tree with a clear bole and an open spreading crown A large tree with a clear bole and an open spreading crown resulting in a somewhat vase-shaped form. resulting in a somewhat vase-shaped form.

Cottonwood Cottonwood Salicaceae Populus deltoidesSalicaceae Populus deltoides

Eastern redcedar Eastern redcedar CupressaceaeCupressaceae Juniperus Juniperus virginianavirginiana

Leaf:Leaf: Evergreen, with two types of leaves, often on the same tree. Scale Evergreen, with two types of leaves, often on the same tree. Scale leaves 1/16 inch long, dark green, with 4 sides. Awl leaves are more leaves 1/16 inch long, dark green, with 4 sides. Awl leaves are more common on young trees, 1/8 to 3/8 inch long, dark blue-green and sharp-common on young trees, 1/8 to 3/8 inch long, dark blue-green and sharp-pointed. pointed.

Flower:Flower: Dioecious, but occasionally monoecious; males are yellow- Dioecious, but occasionally monoecious; males are yellow-brown, occurring in large groups; females are light blue-green. brown, occurring in large groups; females are light blue-green.

Fruit:Fruit: Berry-like cones, light green in spring, turning dark blue and Berry-like cones, light green in spring, turning dark blue and glaucous at maturity, about 1/4 inch in diameter. Appearing March to May. glaucous at maturity, about 1/4 inch in diameter. Appearing March to May. Maturing September to November. Maturing September to November.

Twig:Twig: Green for several years, covered in scales, later turning brown. Green for several years, covered in scales, later turning brown. Bark: Red-brown in color, exfoliating in long, fibrous strips, often ashy Bark: Red-brown in color, exfoliating in long, fibrous strips, often ashy

gray where exposed. gray where exposed. Form:Form: A small tree with a dense pyramidal or columnar crown. A small tree with a dense pyramidal or columnar crown.

Eastern redcedar Eastern redcedar CupressaceaeCupressaceae Juniperus Juniperus virginianavirginiana

Flowering dogwood Flowering dogwood Cornaceae Cornus floridaCornaceae Cornus florida

Leaf:Leaf: Opposite, simple, arcuately veined, 3 to 6 inches long, oval in shape Opposite, simple, arcuately veined, 3 to 6 inches long, oval in shape with an entire margin. Flower: Very small, but surrounded by 4 large white with an entire margin. Flower: Very small, but surrounded by 4 large white (occasionally pink) bracts, 2 inches in diameter. Appearing March to April (occasionally pink) bracts, 2 inches in diameter. Appearing March to April in the south, June in the north. in the south, June in the north.

Fruit:Fruit: A shiny, oval red drupe, 1/4 to 1/2 inch long, in clusters of 3 to 4. A shiny, oval red drupe, 1/4 to 1/2 inch long, in clusters of 3 to 4. Maturing in September to October. Maturing in September to October.

Twig:Twig: Slender, green or purple, later turning gray, often with a glaucous Slender, green or purple, later turning gray, often with a glaucous bloom. The terminal flower buds are clove-shaped, vegetative buds bloom. The terminal flower buds are clove-shaped, vegetative buds resemble a cat claw. resemble a cat claw.

Bark:Bark: Gray when young, turning very scaly to blocky. Gray when young, turning very scaly to blocky. Form:Form: A small tree with a short trunk that branches low, producing a flat- A small tree with a short trunk that branches low, producing a flat-

topped crown. Branches are opposite, and assume a "candelabra" topped crown. Branches are opposite, and assume a "candelabra" appearance. appearance.

Flowering dogwood Flowering dogwood Cornaceae Cornus floridaCornaceae Cornus florida

Green ash Green ash Oleaceae Oleaceae Fraxinus pennsylvanicaFraxinus pennsylvanica

Leaf:Leaf: Opposite, pinnately compound with 7 to 9 serrate leaflets that are Opposite, pinnately compound with 7 to 9 serrate leaflets that are lanceolate to elliptical in shape. The leaf is 6 to 9 inches long and is lanceolate to elliptical in shape. The leaf is 6 to 9 inches long and is glabrous to silky-pubescent below. glabrous to silky-pubescent below.

Flower:Flower: Dioecious, both sexes lacking petals, occuring as panicles. Dioecious, both sexes lacking petals, occuring as panicles. Flowers appear after the leaves unfold. Flowers appear after the leaves unfold.

Fruit:Fruit: A one-winged, dry, flattened samara with a slender, thin, seed A one-winged, dry, flattened samara with a slender, thin, seed cavity, maturing September to October and dispersing over winter. cavity, maturing September to October and dispersing over winter.

Twig:Twig: Stout to medium texture, gray to green-brown and either glabrous Stout to medium texture, gray to green-brown and either glabrous or pubescent, depending on variety. Leaf scars are semicircular, lacking or pubescent, depending on variety. Leaf scars are semicircular, lacking the notched top. the notched top.

Bark:Bark: Ashy gray to brown in color, with interlacing corky ridges forming Ashy gray to brown in color, with interlacing corky ridges forming obvious diamonds. Older trees may be somewhat scaly. obvious diamonds. Older trees may be somewhat scaly.

Form:Form: A medium-sized tree with a poorly formed bole and an irregular A medium-sized tree with a poorly formed bole and an irregular crown. crown.

Green ash Green ash Oleaceae Fraxinus pennsylvanicaOleaceae Fraxinus pennsylvanica

Hackberry Hackberry Ulmaceae Celtis Ulmaceae Celtis occidentalisoccidentalis

Leaf:Leaf: Alternate, simple, pinnately veined, 2 to 5 inches long. Leaves are Alternate, simple, pinnately veined, 2 to 5 inches long. Leaves are ovate, with acuminate tips and a cordate, inequilateral base, three distinct ovate, with acuminate tips and a cordate, inequilateral base, three distinct veins meet at base. Leaf margins are serrate and may be somewhat veins meet at base. Leaf margins are serrate and may be somewhat pubescent below. pubescent below.

Flower:Flower: Very small (1/8 inch) and green, produced on stalks near the Very small (1/8 inch) and green, produced on stalks near the twig. Each flower with a 4 or 5 lobed calyx. Apparent in April to May. twig. Each flower with a 4 or 5 lobed calyx. Apparent in April to May.

Fruit:Fruit: Fleshy, globose drupe, 1/4 to 3/8 inch in diameter, turning orange- Fleshy, globose drupe, 1/4 to 3/8 inch in diameter, turning orange-red to dark purple when ripe. The flesh is thin and quite dry but edible and red to dark purple when ripe. The flesh is thin and quite dry but edible and sweet, enclosing a large pit. Maturing in September and October. sweet, enclosing a large pit. Maturing in September and October.

Twig:Twig: Slender zigzag, light red-brown in color. The terminal bud is Slender zigzag, light red-brown in color. The terminal bud is lacking, but a pseudoterminal bud is present. Lateral buds are small, lacking, but a pseudoterminal bud is present. Lateral buds are small, tapering, and appressed, pith chambered at the nodes. tapering, and appressed, pith chambered at the nodes.

Bark:Bark: Gray or light brown in color, smooth with corky "warts" or ridges. Gray or light brown in color, smooth with corky "warts" or ridges. Much later becoming scaly. Much later becoming scaly.

Form:Form: A small to medium-sized tree. A small to medium-sized tree.

Hackberry Hackberry Ulmaceae Celtis occidentalisUlmaceae Celtis occidentalis

Live oak Live oak Fagaceae Quercus Fagaceae Quercus virginianavirginiana

Leaf:Leaf: Alternate, simple, evergreen, leathery, 2 to 5 inches long, oblong or elliptical Alternate, simple, evergreen, leathery, 2 to 5 inches long, oblong or elliptical in shape with an entire or spiny and revolute margin. The upper surface is lustrous, in shape with an entire or spiny and revolute margin. The upper surface is lustrous, the lower is pale and pubescent. Generally, not bristle-tipped. the lower is pale and pubescent. Generally, not bristle-tipped.

Flower:Flower: Staminate flowers borne on catkins. Pistillate flowers borne on spikes. Staminate flowers borne on catkins. Pistillate flowers borne on spikes. Appearing March through May. Appearing March through May.

Fruit:Fruit: Acorns are in clusters of 3 to 5, maturing in one season. The nut is dark in Acorns are in clusters of 3 to 5, maturing in one season. The nut is dark in color, 3/4 inch long and covered 1/3 by the cap. The cap is bowl-shaped and warty, color, 3/4 inch long and covered 1/3 by the cap. The cap is bowl-shaped and warty, termed "turbinate" by Harlow et al. Maturing in September of the first year. termed "turbinate" by Harlow et al. Maturing in September of the first year.

Twig:Twig: Slender, gray and pubescent, with small, blunt, multiple terminal buds. Slender, gray and pubescent, with small, blunt, multiple terminal buds. Bark:Bark: Rapidly developing red-brown furrows with small surface scales. Later, Rapidly developing red-brown furrows with small surface scales. Later,

becoming black and very blocky. becoming black and very blocky. Form:Form: A medium-sized tree that can grow to massive proportions. Open-grown A medium-sized tree that can grow to massive proportions. Open-grown

trees develop a huge rounded crown. The largest crowns may be 150 feet across. trees develop a huge rounded crown. The largest crowns may be 150 feet across.

Live oak Live oak Fagaceae Quercus virginianaFagaceae Quercus virginiana

Loblolly pine Loblolly pine PinaceaePinaceae Pinus taedaPinus taeda

Leaf:Leaf: Evergreen, 6 to 9 inches long, with (usually) three yellow-green Evergreen, 6 to 9 inches long, with (usually) three yellow-green needles per fascicle. needles per fascicle.

Flower: Monoecious; males long cylindrical, red to yellow, in clusters at Flower: Monoecious; males long cylindrical, red to yellow, in clusters at branch tips; females yellow to purple. branch tips; females yellow to purple.

Fruit:Fruit: Cones are ovoid to cylindrical and red-brown in color. The umbo is Cones are ovoid to cylindrical and red-brown in color. The umbo is armed with a short spine. Cones are roughly the size of a potato (3 to 6 armed with a short spine. Cones are roughly the size of a potato (3 to 6 inches). Maturing September to October. inches). Maturing September to October.

Twig:Twig: Orange-brown in color, fine to moderately stout. Buds are light Orange-brown in color, fine to moderately stout. Buds are light reddish-brown. reddish-brown.

Bark:Bark: Quite variable. When young, appears brown and scaly. Older trees Quite variable. When young, appears brown and scaly. Older trees are ridged and furrowed, with somewhat apparent blocks. Very old trees are ridged and furrowed, with somewhat apparent blocks. Very old trees have red-brown scaly plates. have red-brown scaly plates.

Form:Form: A medium to large tree that self-prunes well and develops a A medium to large tree that self-prunes well and develops a straight trunk and an oval, somewhat dense crown. straight trunk and an oval, somewhat dense crown.

Loblolly pine Loblolly pine PinaceaePinaceae Pinus taedaPinus taeda

Longleaf pine Longleaf pine PinaceaePinaceae Pinus palustrisPinus palustris

Leaf:Leaf: Evergreen, very long and feathery (8 to 18 inches long), with three Evergreen, very long and feathery (8 to 18 inches long), with three dark green needles per fascicle. Flower: Monoecious; males yellow-red, dark green needles per fascicle. Flower: Monoecious; males yellow-red, long, in clusters; females oval, purple. long, in clusters; females oval, purple.

Fruit:Fruit: Very large (largest cone in the Eastern U. S. --6 to 10 inches long), Very large (largest cone in the Eastern U. S. --6 to 10 inches long), ovoid to conical in shape, sessile. Scales are red-brown in color. The ovoid to conical in shape, sessile. Scales are red-brown in color. The umbo is armed with a curved prickle. Maturing September to October. umbo is armed with a curved prickle. Maturing September to October.

Twig:Twig: Very stout, brown, with large obvious, asbestos-white buds. Very stout, brown, with large obvious, asbestos-white buds. Bark:Bark: Quite scaly, orange-brown to gray, will eventually develop plates. Quite scaly, orange-brown to gray, will eventually develop plates. Form:Form: A medium-sized tree with a straight trunk, coarse branches and A medium-sized tree with a straight trunk, coarse branches and

tufted needles at ends of branches. tufted needles at ends of branches.

Longleaf pine Longleaf pine PinaceaePinaceae Pinus palustrisPinus palustris

Mockernut hickory Mockernut hickory Juglandaceae Carya Juglandaceae Carya tomentosatomentosa

Leaf:Leaf: Alternate, pinnately compound, with 7 to 9 serrate, lanceolate to Alternate, pinnately compound, with 7 to 9 serrate, lanceolate to obovate-lanceolate leaflets. The terminal leaflet is larger than the laterals. obovate-lanceolate leaflets. The terminal leaflet is larger than the laterals. The leaf is 9 to 14 inches long, but may be longer in the understory. The The leaf is 9 to 14 inches long, but may be longer in the understory. The rachis is stout and very pubescent. Flower: Male flowers are drooping rachis is stout and very pubescent. Flower: Male flowers are drooping catkins, with 3 hanging from one stalk, 3 to 4 inches long. Female flowers catkins, with 3 hanging from one stalk, 3 to 4 inches long. Female flowers in clusters of 2 to 5 near the tip of the twig. Appearing in April to May. in clusters of 2 to 5 near the tip of the twig. Appearing in April to May.

Fruit:Fruit: Obovoid to ellipsoidal in shape, 1 1/2 to 2 inches long. The husk is Obovoid to ellipsoidal in shape, 1 1/2 to 2 inches long. The husk is thick (although less thick than C. ovata) and dehiscent; 4-ribbed nut, thick (although less thick than C. ovata) and dehiscent; 4-ribbed nut, sweet and edible. The fruit matures from September to October. sweet and edible. The fruit matures from September to October.

Twig:Twig: Stout and pubescent, the 3-lobed leaf scars are best described as Stout and pubescent, the 3-lobed leaf scars are best described as a "monkey face". The terminal bud is very large, and the scales are a "monkey face". The terminal bud is very large, and the scales are deciduous, revealing a silky white bud. deciduous, revealing a silky white bud.

Bark:Bark: Gray-brown close, with interlaced round-topped ridges and shallow Gray-brown close, with interlaced round-topped ridges and shallow furrows, not shaggy or exfoliating. furrows, not shaggy or exfoliating.

Form:Form: A medium-sized tree with a straight stem and a rounded crown. A medium-sized tree with a straight stem and a rounded crown.

Mockernut hickory Mockernut hickory Juglandaceae Carya Juglandaceae Carya tomentosatomentosa

Red mulberry Red mulberry Moraceae Moraceae Morus rubraMorus rubra

Leaf:Leaf: Alternate, simple, roughly orbicular in shape, 3 to 5 inches long with Alternate, simple, roughly orbicular in shape, 3 to 5 inches long with a serrate margin. Leaves may be 0 to 3-lobed, (sometimes more). Leaves a serrate margin. Leaves may be 0 to 3-lobed, (sometimes more). Leaves are papery, with white fibers apparent when torn. Flower: Normally are papery, with white fibers apparent when torn. Flower: Normally dioecious, small, green, male flowers are hanging catkins, 1 to 2 inches dioecious, small, green, male flowers are hanging catkins, 1 to 2 inches long. Female flowers, also catkins, are 1 inch long. long. Female flowers, also catkins, are 1 inch long.

Fruit:Fruit: Resembling blackberries, cylindrical, 1 to 1 1/4 inches long, fleshy Resembling blackberries, cylindrical, 1 to 1 1/4 inches long, fleshy multiples of drupes, each containing a small seed. Maturing June to multiples of drupes, each containing a small seed. Maturing June to August. August.

Twig:Twig: Slender, zigzag, green changing to red-brown. Twigs are often Slender, zigzag, green changing to red-brown. Twigs are often pubescent. Buds are covered with brown-margined overlapping scales. pubescent. Buds are covered with brown-margined overlapping scales. Silvery-white filaments when broken. Silvery-white filaments when broken.

Bark:Bark: Reddish-brown and quite irregular with long ridges. Younger trees Reddish-brown and quite irregular with long ridges. Younger trees are often orangish, especially when wet. are often orangish, especially when wet.

Form:Form: A small tree, with a short trunk that branches low. A small tree, with a short trunk that branches low.

Red mulberry Red mulberry Moraceae Morus rubraMoraceae Morus rubra

PecanPecan Juglandaceae Juglandaceae Carya illinoensisCarya illinoensis

Leaf:Leaf: Alternate, pinnately compound with 9 to 15 finely serrate and often Alternate, pinnately compound with 9 to 15 finely serrate and often curved leaflets, 12 to 18 inches long. curved leaflets, 12 to 18 inches long.

Flower:Flower: Male flowers in hanging, yellow-green catkins, often in pairs of Male flowers in hanging, yellow-green catkins, often in pairs of three (4 to 5 inches long). Females are small and yellowish green, 4-three (4 to 5 inches long). Females are small and yellowish green, 4-angled. angled.

Fruit:Fruit: Large, oblong, brown, splotched with black, thin shelled nuts, 1 ½ Large, oblong, brown, splotched with black, thin shelled nuts, 1 ½ to 2 inches long, husks are thin, usually occur in clusters on trees. Mature to 2 inches long, husks are thin, usually occur in clusters on trees. Mature in September and October. in September and October.

Twig:Twig: Moderately stout, light brown, fuzzy particularly, when young; leaf Moderately stout, light brown, fuzzy particularly, when young; leaf scars large and three lobed; buds are yellowish brown to brown, hairy, scars large and three lobed; buds are yellowish brown to brown, hairy, terminal buds ¼ to ½ inch long. terminal buds ¼ to ½ inch long.

Bark:Bark: Smooth when young, becoming narrowly fissured into thin broken Smooth when young, becoming narrowly fissured into thin broken strips, often scaly. strips, often scaly.

Form:Form: A large tree (can reach heights well over 100 feet) with spreading A large tree (can reach heights well over 100 feet) with spreading crown when in the open. crown when in the open.

PecanPecan Juglandaceae Carya illinoensis Juglandaceae Carya illinoensis

Common persimmon Common persimmon Ebenaceae Diospyros Ebenaceae Diospyros virginianavirginiana

Leaf:Leaf: Alternate, simple, pinnately-veined, 2 1/2 to 5 1/2 inches long. Alternate, simple, pinnately-veined, 2 1/2 to 5 1/2 inches long. Oblong to oval, lustrous dark green above, entire margin. Flower: Usually Oblong to oval, lustrous dark green above, entire margin. Flower: Usually dioecious, white to greenish-white, male flowers in 3's. Female flowers dioecious, white to greenish-white, male flowers in 3's. Female flowers solitary, both about 1/2 inch long. Present March to mid-June. solitary, both about 1/2 inch long. Present March to mid-June.

Fruit:Fruit: A plum-like berry that is green before ripening, turning orange to A plum-like berry that is green before ripening, turning orange to black when ripe, 3/4 to 2 inches in diameter when ripe. The fruit is black when ripe, 3/4 to 2 inches in diameter when ripe. The fruit is astringent when green, sweet and edible when ripe. Matures September astringent when green, sweet and edible when ripe. Matures September to November with frost. to November with frost.

Twig:Twig: Slender, light brown to gray, maybe scabrous or pubescent. Buds Slender, light brown to gray, maybe scabrous or pubescent. Buds are dark red to black with 2 bud scales, triangular in shape. Leaf scar has are dark red to black with 2 bud scales, triangular in shape. Leaf scar has one vascular bundle trace. one vascular bundle trace.

Bark:Bark: Very dark, broken up into square scaly thick plates; reminiscent of Very dark, broken up into square scaly thick plates; reminiscent of charcoal briquettes. charcoal briquettes.

Form:Form: A small to medium-sized tree with a round-topped crown. In forest A small to medium-sized tree with a round-topped crown. In forest stands the stem may be straight, tall, and slender. stands the stem may be straight, tall, and slender.

Common persimmon Common persimmon Ebenaceae Diospyros Ebenaceae Diospyros virginianavirginiana

Pignut hickory Pignut hickory Juglandaceae Juglandaceae Carya glabraCarya glabra

Leaf:Leaf: Alternate, pinnately compound, with 5 (sometimes 7) leaflets. Alternate, pinnately compound, with 5 (sometimes 7) leaflets. Leaflets are lanceolate and serrate. The rachis is slender and glabrous. Leaflets are lanceolate and serrate. The rachis is slender and glabrous. Flower: Male flowers are drooping catkins, with three hanging from one Flower: Male flowers are drooping catkins, with three hanging from one stalk, 2 to 3 inches long. Female flowers are short and found in clusters at stalk, 2 to 3 inches long. Female flowers are short and found in clusters at the end of the branches. Present April to May. the end of the branches. Present April to May.

Fruit:Fruit: Obovoid to pear-shaped, 1 to 2 inches long, with a thin husk that Obovoid to pear-shaped, 1 to 2 inches long, with a thin husk that only partially dehisces upon maturation. The nut is not ribbed and the only partially dehisces upon maturation. The nut is not ribbed and the seed is usually bitter. Ripening in September to October. seed is usually bitter. Ripening in September to October.

Twig:Twig: Moderately stout to slender (when compared to the other hickories) Moderately stout to slender (when compared to the other hickories) and glabrous. Leaf scars are 3-lobed to cordate--best described as a and glabrous. Leaf scars are 3-lobed to cordate--best described as a "monkey face". The terminal bud is small and light brown in color. "monkey face". The terminal bud is small and light brown in color.

Bark:Bark: The bark on young trees is smooth, soon becoming finely shaggy. The bark on young trees is smooth, soon becoming finely shaggy. The bark on older trees has obvious close interlacing ridges. The bark on older trees has obvious close interlacing ridges.

Form:Form: A medium-sized tree with a rounded crown and a straight trunk. A medium-sized tree with a rounded crown and a straight trunk.

Pignut hickory Pignut hickory Juglandaceae Carya glabraJuglandaceae Carya glabra

Post oak Post oak FagaceaeFagaceae Quercus stellataQuercus stellata

Leaf:Leaf: Alternate, simple, 6 to 10 inches long, oblong in shape, with 5 lobes, Alternate, simple, 6 to 10 inches long, oblong in shape, with 5 lobes, thickened texture. The two middle lobes are square, resulting in an overall thickened texture. The two middle lobes are square, resulting in an overall cruciform appearance. The upper surface has scattered stellate cruciform appearance. The upper surface has scattered stellate pubescence. The lower surface is pubescent. Flower: Male flowers are pubescence. The lower surface is pubescent. Flower: Male flowers are green, borne in naked catkins, 2 to 4 inches long. Female flowers are green, borne in naked catkins, 2 to 4 inches long. Female flowers are reddish and appear as single spikes. Appearing with the leaves. reddish and appear as single spikes. Appearing with the leaves.

Fruit:Fruit: Acorns are 1/2 to 2/3 inches long and ovoid. The cap is bowl- Acorns are 1/2 to 2/3 inches long and ovoid. The cap is bowl-shaped and warty, covering 1/3 to 1/2 of the nut. Individual scales are shaped and warty, covering 1/3 to 1/2 of the nut. Individual scales are more apparent than white oak. Maturing in one year, ripening September more apparent than white oak. Maturing in one year, ripening September to November. to November.

Twig:Twig: Gray or tawny-tomentose and dotted with numerous lenticels. The Gray or tawny-tomentose and dotted with numerous lenticels. The multiple terminal buds are short, blunt, chestnut-brown in color, and multiple terminal buds are short, blunt, chestnut-brown in color, and pubescent, short, threadlike stipules may be present. pubescent, short, threadlike stipules may be present.

Bark:Bark: Very similar to white oak or bur oak, but more reddish-brown in Very similar to white oak or bur oak, but more reddish-brown in color. color.

Form:Form: A small to medium-sized tree with a crown that has snarled and A small to medium-sized tree with a crown that has snarled and twisted branches. twisted branches.

Post oak Post oak FagaceaeFagaceae Quercus stellataQuercus stellata

Red maple Red maple Aceraceae Aceraceae Acer rubrumAcer rubrum

Leaf:Leaf: Opposite, 3 to 5 palmate lobes with serrate margins, sinuses Opposite, 3 to 5 palmate lobes with serrate margins, sinuses relatively shallow (but variable), 2 to 4 inches long; light green above, relatively shallow (but variable), 2 to 4 inches long; light green above, whitened and sometimes glaucous or hairy beneath. whitened and sometimes glaucous or hairy beneath.

Flower:Flower: Appear March to May, usually before leaves; usually bright red Appear March to May, usually before leaves; usually bright red but occasionally yellow. but occasionally yellow.

Fruit:Fruit: Clusters of 1/2 to 3/4 inch long fruit with slighly divergent wings, Clusters of 1/2 to 3/4 inch long fruit with slighly divergent wings, appear May to June, on long slender stems. Light brown and often appear May to June, on long slender stems. Light brown and often reddish. reddish.

Twig:Twig: Reddish and lustrous with small lenticels, buds usually blunt, green Reddish and lustrous with small lenticels, buds usually blunt, green or reddish (fall and winter) with several scales usually present, leaf scars or reddish (fall and winter) with several scales usually present, leaf scars V-shaped, 3 bundle scars, lateral buds slightly stalked, may be collateral V-shaped, 3 bundle scars, lateral buds slightly stalked, may be collateral buds present. buds present.

Bark:Bark: On young trees, smooth and light gray, with age becomes darker On young trees, smooth and light gray, with age becomes darker and breaks up into long scaly plates. and breaks up into long scaly plates.

Form:Form: Medium-sized tree. In forest, trunk usually clear for some distance, Medium-sized tree. In forest, trunk usually clear for some distance, in the open the trunk is shorter and the crown rounded. in the open the trunk is shorter and the crown rounded.

Red maple Red maple Aceraceae Acer rubrumAceraceae Acer rubrum

Redbud Redbud Caesalpiniaceae Caesalpiniaceae Cercis canadensisCercis canadensis

Leaf:Leaf: Alternate, simple, cordate in shape with an entire margin, 3 to 5 Alternate, simple, cordate in shape with an entire margin, 3 to 5 inches long and wide. The leaves are thin and papery, and may be slightly inches long and wide. The leaves are thin and papery, and may be slightly hairy below. Flower: Very showy, light to dark pink in color, 1/2 inch long, hairy below. Flower: Very showy, light to dark pink in color, 1/2 inch long, appearing in clusters in March to May, before the leaves. appearing in clusters in March to May, before the leaves.

Fruit:Fruit: Fruits are flattened, dry, brown, pea-like pods, 2 to 4 inches long Fruits are flattened, dry, brown, pea-like pods, 2 to 4 inches long that contain flat, elliptical, brown seeds 1/4 inch long. Maturing in July to that contain flat, elliptical, brown seeds 1/4 inch long. Maturing in July to August. August.

Twig:Twig: Slender and zigzag, nearly black in color, spotted with lighter Slender and zigzag, nearly black in color, spotted with lighter lenticels. Winter buds are tiny, rounded and dark red to chestnut in color. lenticels. Winter buds are tiny, rounded and dark red to chestnut in color.

Bark:Bark: Smooth, later scaly with ridges somewhat apparent. Dark in color. Smooth, later scaly with ridges somewhat apparent. Dark in color. May have some maroon patches evident. May have some maroon patches evident.

Form:Form: A large shrub or small tree with a short, often twisted trunk and A large shrub or small tree with a short, often twisted trunk and spreading branches. spreading branches.

Redbud Redbud Caesalpiniaceae Cercis canadensisCaesalpiniaceae Cercis canadensis

River birch River birch Betulaceae Betulaceae Betula nigraBetula nigra

Leaf:Leaf: Alternate, simple, pinnately-veined, rhombic to ovate, 1 1/2 to 3 Alternate, simple, pinnately-veined, rhombic to ovate, 1 1/2 to 3 inches long, obviously doubly serrate, with a wedge-shaped base; green inches long, obviously doubly serrate, with a wedge-shaped base; green above, paler and fuzzy below. Flower: Preformed aments, male near the above, paler and fuzzy below. Flower: Preformed aments, male near the end of the twig, 2 to 3 inches long. Female catkins upright, 1/4 to 1/2 inch end of the twig, 2 to 3 inches long. Female catkins upright, 1/4 to 1/2 inch long. Flowering in early spring. long. Flowering in early spring.

Fruit:Fruit: Cone like, 1 to 1 1/2 inches long, with many hairy scales, containing Cone like, 1 to 1 1/2 inches long, with many hairy scales, containing tiny, 3-winged seeds. tiny, 3-winged seeds.

Twig:Twig: Slender, orangish-brown in color, smooth or slightly pubescent, Slender, orangish-brown in color, smooth or slightly pubescent, with the terminal bud absent. Lateral buds may be slightly pubescent. No with the terminal bud absent. Lateral buds may be slightly pubescent. No wintergreen odor when cut. wintergreen odor when cut.

Bark:Bark: Smooth on young trees, salmon to rust colored. On older trees, Smooth on young trees, salmon to rust colored. On older trees, developing papery scales, exfoliating horizontally with several colors developing papery scales, exfoliating horizontally with several colors (creamy to orangish-brown) visible. Later developing coarse scales. (creamy to orangish-brown) visible. Later developing coarse scales.

Form:Form: River birch is a medium-size tree with poor form. The trunk River birch is a medium-size tree with poor form. The trunk generally divides low into several arching branches.generally divides low into several arching branches.

River birch River birch Betulaceae Betula nigraBetulaceae Betula nigra

Sassafras Sassafras Lauraceae Lauraceae Sassafras albidumSassafras albidum

Leaf:Leaf: Alternate, simple, pinnately veined, ovate to elliptical, entire, 3 to 6 Alternate, simple, pinnately veined, ovate to elliptical, entire, 3 to 6 inches long with 1 to 3 lobes. The 2-lobed leaf resembles a mitten, the 3-inches long with 1 to 3 lobes. The 2-lobed leaf resembles a mitten, the 3-lobed leaf resembles a trident. Flower: Dioecious, green-yellow in color, lobed leaf resembles a trident. Flower: Dioecious, green-yellow in color, borne in 2 inch racimes. Present March to April. borne in 2 inch racimes. Present March to April.

Fruit:Fruit: Dark blue, ovoid, fleshy drupes that are borne on red stalks. Dark blue, ovoid, fleshy drupes that are borne on red stalks. Maturing August to September. Maturing August to September.

Twig:Twig: Slender, green and sometimes pubescent, with a spicy-sweet Slender, green and sometimes pubescent, with a spicy-sweet aroma when broken. Buds are 1/4 inch long and green. aroma when broken. Buds are 1/4 inch long and green.

Bark:Bark: Brown, with cinnamon-brown inner bark, becoming coarsely, ridged Brown, with cinnamon-brown inner bark, becoming coarsely, ridged and furrowed. When cut the spicy aroma is obvious. and furrowed. When cut the spicy aroma is obvious.

Form:Form: Small to medium-sized tree with an irregular, usually flat-topped Small to medium-sized tree with an irregular, usually flat-topped crown. Root suckering may result in thickets. crown. Root suckering may result in thickets.

Sassafras Sassafras Lauraceae Sassafras albidumLauraceae Sassafras albidum

Shagbark hickory Shagbark hickory Juglandaceae Carya ovataJuglandaceae Carya ovata

Leaf:Leaf: Alternate, pinnately compound with 5 (sometimes 7) leaflets 8 to 14 Alternate, pinnately compound with 5 (sometimes 7) leaflets 8 to 14 inches long. The lateral leaflets are obovate to lanceolate. The terminal inches long. The lateral leaflets are obovate to lanceolate. The terminal leaflets are much larger than the laterals. Margins are serrate and ciliate. leaflets are much larger than the laterals. Margins are serrate and ciliate. The rachis is stout and mostly glabrous. Flower: Male flowers are catkins, The rachis is stout and mostly glabrous. Flower: Male flowers are catkins, hanging in 3's, 2 to 3 inches long. Females are short, in clusters at the hanging in 3's, 2 to 3 inches long. Females are short, in clusters at the end of branches. Flowers appear April to June. end of branches. Flowers appear April to June.

Fruit:Fruit: Nearly round, 1 1/2 inches, with a very thick husk. The nut is 4- Nearly round, 1 1/2 inches, with a very thick husk. The nut is 4-ribbed, and the seed is sweet and delicious, maturing from September to ribbed, and the seed is sweet and delicious, maturing from September to October. October.

Twig:Twig: Stout and usually glabrous, but may be somewhat pubescent. The Stout and usually glabrous, but may be somewhat pubescent. The leaf scars are raised, 3-lobed to semicircular--best described as a leaf scars are raised, 3-lobed to semicircular--best described as a "monkey face". Lenticels are apparent. The terminal bud is large, brown, "monkey face". Lenticels are apparent. The terminal bud is large, brown, and pubescent, covered with 3 to 4 brown scales. and pubescent, covered with 3 to 4 brown scales.

Bark:Bark: First smooth and gray. Later broken into long plates attached at the First smooth and gray. Later broken into long plates attached at the middle, curving away from the trunk resulting in a coarsely shaggy middle, curving away from the trunk resulting in a coarsely shaggy appearance. appearance.

Form:Form: A medium to tall tree with a straight trunk and an open, round to A medium to tall tree with a straight trunk and an open, round to oblong crown. oblong crown.

Shagbark hickory Shagbark hickory Juglandaceae Carya ovataJuglandaceae Carya ovata

Shortleaf pine Shortleaf pine Pinaceae Pinaceae Pinus echinataPinus echinata

Leaf:Leaf: Evergreen, 3 to 5 inches long, two or three (on the same branch) Evergreen, 3 to 5 inches long, two or three (on the same branch) slender and flexible needles per fascicle, dark yellow-green in color. The slender and flexible needles per fascicle, dark yellow-green in color. The fascicle sheath is persistent. Flower: Monoecious; males cylindrical, red to fascicle sheath is persistent. Flower: Monoecious; males cylindrical, red to yellow, in clumps at ends of twigs; females light green to red and armed. yellow, in clumps at ends of twigs; females light green to red and armed.

Fruit:Fruit: Compact, 2 inches long, ovoid, somewhat persistent. Cones are Compact, 2 inches long, ovoid, somewhat persistent. Cones are red to brown in color. The umbo is armed with a small prickle. Maturing red to brown in color. The umbo is armed with a small prickle. Maturing October to November. October to November.

Twig:Twig: Green and purple when young, later turning red-brown. Green and purple when young, later turning red-brown. Bark:Bark: Scaly and dark on young trees, eventually developing plates with Scaly and dark on young trees, eventually developing plates with

scaly surfaces. "Volcanoes" or small surface pockets of pitch may be scaly surfaces. "Volcanoes" or small surface pockets of pitch may be apparent. apparent.

Form:Form: A medium to large tree with a small, open, pyramidal crown. A medium to large tree with a small, open, pyramidal crown.

Shortleaf pine Shortleaf pine Pinaceae Pinus echinataPinaceae Pinus echinata

Slash pine Slash pine Pinaceae Pinaceae Pinus elliottiiPinus elliottii

Leaf:Leaf: Evergreen, 7 to 10 inches long, flexible, with three (sometimes two) Evergreen, 7 to 10 inches long, flexible, with three (sometimes two) needles per fascicle, dark green in color. The fascicle sheath is quite long needles per fascicle, dark green in color. The fascicle sheath is quite long and persistent. and persistent.

Flower:Flower: Monoecious; males cylindrical, red to yellow, in clusters at ends Monoecious; males cylindrical, red to yellow, in clusters at ends of twigs; females red to green, stalked, oval. of twigs; females red to green, stalked, oval.

Fruit:Fruit: Cones are 3 to 6 inches long, ovoid, borne on a stalk, caramel Cones are 3 to 6 inches long, ovoid, borne on a stalk, caramel colored. The umbo is armed with a small, out-curved spine. Maturing colored. The umbo is armed with a small, out-curved spine. Maturing October to November. October to November.

Twig:Twig: Quite stout, orange-brown in color. Quite stout, orange-brown in color. Bark:Bark: Red-brown and furrowed when young, becoming very platy. The Red-brown and furrowed when young, becoming very platy. The

surfaces of the plates are covered with thin, loose scales that flake off, surfaces of the plates are covered with thin, loose scales that flake off, revealing a light brown to cinnamon color. revealing a light brown to cinnamon color.

Form:Form: A medium-sized tree with a narrow-ovoid crown. Needles appear A medium-sized tree with a narrow-ovoid crown. Needles appear to be tufted at the ends of the branches. to be tufted at the ends of the branches.

Slash pine Slash pine Pinaceae Pinus elliottiiPinaceae Pinus elliottii

Silver maple Silver maple Aceraceae Acer Aceraceae Acer saccharinumsaccharinum

Leaf:Leaf: Opposite, with 5 deeply palmate lobes, lobe margins serrate, 2 1/2 Opposite, with 5 deeply palmate lobes, lobe margins serrate, 2 1/2 to 5 inches long; light green above, pale, silvery white below. to 5 inches long; light green above, pale, silvery white below.

Flower:Flower: Greenish or reddish flowers appear in clusters from February to Greenish or reddish flowers appear in clusters from February to May, long before leaves. May, long before leaves.

Fruit:Fruit: Appears April to June, largest of any native maple, divergent wings Appears April to June, largest of any native maple, divergent wings 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 inches long, germinate as soon as released. 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 inches long, germinate as soon as released.

Twig:Twig: Similar to red maple, often more chestnut-brown in color, Similar to red maple, often more chestnut-brown in color, unpleasant odor when crushed. unpleasant odor when crushed.

Bark:Bark: Similar to red maple, light gray when young, when older breaks up Similar to red maple, light gray when young, when older breaks up into long thin strips, loose at ends. into long thin strips, loose at ends.

Form:Form: Trunk usually short, dividing into several subtrunks. Long slender Trunk usually short, dividing into several subtrunks. Long slender branches sweep downward and then curve gracefully upwards.branches sweep downward and then curve gracefully upwards.

Silver maple Silver maple Aceraceae Acer saccharinumAceraceae Acer saccharinum

Southern magnolia Southern magnolia Magnoliaceae Magnolia Magnoliaceae Magnolia grandifloragrandiflora

Leaf:Leaf: Alternate, simple, pinnately veined and evergreen, 5 to 8 inches Alternate, simple, pinnately veined and evergreen, 5 to 8 inches long, oval in shape with an entire margin. Very waxy/shiny above, and long, oval in shape with an entire margin. Very waxy/shiny above, and reddish tomentose below. Flower: Very showy and fragrant, 6 to 8 inches reddish tomentose below. Flower: Very showy and fragrant, 6 to 8 inches wide with large white petals. Flowers are borne singly, from May to June. wide with large white petals. Flowers are borne singly, from May to June.

Fruit:Fruit: An aggregate of follicles, green changing to red, cylindrical, 3 to 5 An aggregate of follicles, green changing to red, cylindrical, 3 to 5 inches long with red seeds, 1/2 inch long. Maturing October to November. inches long with red seeds, 1/2 inch long. Maturing October to November.

Twig:Twig: Stout, with white to rusty tomentum and a long (1 to 1 1/2 inches) Stout, with white to rusty tomentum and a long (1 to 1 1/2 inches) silky white to rusty red terminal bud. silky white to rusty red terminal bud.

Bark:Bark: Brown to gray, thin, smooth/lenticellate when young, later with Brown to gray, thin, smooth/lenticellate when young, later with close plates or scales. close plates or scales.

Form:Form: A medium-sized tree with a pyramidal crown. When open grown, A medium-sized tree with a pyramidal crown. When open grown, the crown is dense with low branches. the crown is dense with low branches.

Southern magnolia Southern magnolia Magnoliaceae Magnolia Magnoliaceae Magnolia grandifloragrandiflora

Southern red oak Southern red oak Fagaceae Quercus falcataFagaceae Quercus falcata

Leaf:Leaf: Alternate, simple, 5 to 9 inches long and roughly obovate in outline. Alternate, simple, 5 to 9 inches long and roughly obovate in outline. Two forms are common: 3 lobes with shallow sinuses or 5 to 7 lobes with Two forms are common: 3 lobes with shallow sinuses or 5 to 7 lobes with deeper sinuses. Lobes are bristle-tipped. Tomentum is present below and deeper sinuses. Lobes are bristle-tipped. Tomentum is present below and on the petiole. Often resembles a turkey foot. on the petiole. Often resembles a turkey foot.

Flower:Flower: Staminate flowers borne on catkins. Pistillate flowers borne on Staminate flowers borne on catkins. Pistillate flowers borne on spikes. Appears with the leaves. spikes. Appears with the leaves.

Fruit:Fruit: Acorns are 1/2 inch long, orange-brown and pubescent. The cap Acorns are 1/2 inch long, orange-brown and pubescent. The cap covers less than 1/3 of the nut and is quite thin and flattened. Cap scales covers less than 1/3 of the nut and is quite thin and flattened. Cap scales are appressed and slightly pubescent. Matures after two years, ripens in are appressed and slightly pubescent. Matures after two years, ripens in September or October. September or October.

Twig:Twig: Reddish-brown in color, may be gray-pubescent (particularly stump Reddish-brown in color, may be gray-pubescent (particularly stump sprouts) or glabrous. Multiple terminal buds are dark red, pubescent, sprouts) or glabrous. Multiple terminal buds are dark red, pubescent, pointed and only 1/8 to 1/4 inch long. Laterals are similar, but shorter. pointed and only 1/8 to 1/4 inch long. Laterals are similar, but shorter.

Bark:Bark: Dark in color, thick, with broad, scaly ridges separated by deep, Dark in color, thick, with broad, scaly ridges separated by deep, narrow furrows. Resembles Q. velutina, but the inner bark is only slightly narrow furrows. Resembles Q. velutina, but the inner bark is only slightly yellow. yellow.

Form:Form: A medium-sized tree with a short trunk and large branches A medium-sized tree with a short trunk and large branches supporting a rounded crown.supporting a rounded crown.

Southern red oak Southern red oak Fagaceae Quercus falcataFagaceae Quercus falcata

Sugar maple Sugar maple Aceraceae Aceraceae Acer saccharumAcer saccharum

Leaf:Leaf: Opposite, simple and palmately veined, 3 to 6 inches long, 5 lobed Opposite, simple and palmately veined, 3 to 6 inches long, 5 lobed with entire margin; green above, paler below. with entire margin; green above, paler below.

Flower:Flower: Yellow to green, small, clustered, hanging from a long (1 to 3 Yellow to green, small, clustered, hanging from a long (1 to 3 inch) stem, appearing with the leaves. inch) stem, appearing with the leaves.

Fruit:Fruit: Two-winged horseshoe-shaped samaras about 1 inch long, Two-winged horseshoe-shaped samaras about 1 inch long, appearing in clusters, brown when mature in Autumn. appearing in clusters, brown when mature in Autumn.

Twig:Twig: Brown, slender and shiny with lighter lenticels, terminal buds brown Brown, slender and shiny with lighter lenticels, terminal buds brown and very sharp pointed. and very sharp pointed.

Bark:Bark: Variable, but generally grayish brown,on older trees may be Variable, but generally grayish brown,on older trees may be furrowed, with long, thick irregular curling outward ridges. furrowed, with long, thick irregular curling outward ridges.

Form:Form: Medium to tall tree (to 100 feet) with very dense elliptical crown. Medium to tall tree (to 100 feet) with very dense elliptical crown.

Sugar maple Sugar maple Aceraceae Acer saccharumAceraceae Acer saccharum

            

          

                    

              

          

                

          

                                    

    

Sweetgum Sweetgum Hamamelidaceae Hamamelidaceae Liquidambar styracifluaLiquidambar styraciflua

Leaf:Leaf: Alternate, simple, palmately veined, orbicular, 4 to 6 inches across Alternate, simple, palmately veined, orbicular, 4 to 6 inches across with 5 to 7 lobes, and a finely serrate margin. Pubescent in the axils of the with 5 to 7 lobes, and a finely serrate margin. Pubescent in the axils of the veins below. veins below.

Flower:Flower: Female borne on a slender stalk, capped with a globose head. Female borne on a slender stalk, capped with a globose head. Male flowers borne on an upright raceme. Both are small, green in color Male flowers borne on an upright raceme. Both are small, green in color and not showy. Apparent March to May. and not showy. Apparent March to May.

Fruit:Fruit: Easy to identify "gumballs", woody brown spheres, 1 to 1 1/2 inches Easy to identify "gumballs", woody brown spheres, 1 to 1 1/2 inches in diameter with openings in the surface that release 2 seeds from each in diameter with openings in the surface that release 2 seeds from each capsule. Maturing in September or November. capsule. Maturing in September or November.

Twig:Twig: Medium textured, shiny green to yellow-brown, usually with Medium textured, shiny green to yellow-brown, usually with apparent corky outgrowths, particularly when fast growing. The terminal apparent corky outgrowths, particularly when fast growing. The terminal bud is large and is usually sticky, covered with orange-brown scales. bud is large and is usually sticky, covered with orange-brown scales.

Bark:Bark: Gray brown, irregular furrows and ridges. Gray brown, irregular furrows and ridges. Form:Form: A medium to large tree with a straight stem and a pyramidal crown, A medium to large tree with a straight stem and a pyramidal crown,

especially when young. especially when young.

Sweetgum Sweetgum Hamamelidaceae Liquidambar Hamamelidaceae Liquidambar styracifluastyraciflua

 

American sycamore American sycamore Platanaceae Platanus Platanaceae Platanus occidentalisoccidentalis

Leaf:Leaf: Alternate, simple, palmately veined, 4 to 8 inches wide, ovate in Alternate, simple, palmately veined, 4 to 8 inches wide, ovate in shape, with three to five lobes. Margins are toothed. Veins may be shape, with three to five lobes. Margins are toothed. Veins may be pubescent below. Petiole bases encircle the buds. Flower: Not showy. pubescent below. Petiole bases encircle the buds. Flower: Not showy. Male and female appearing March to April in separate spherical heads. Male and female appearing March to April in separate spherical heads.

Fruit:Fruit: A spherical multiple of achenes borne on a 3 to 6 inch stalk. Each A spherical multiple of achenes borne on a 3 to 6 inch stalk. Each seed is tiny, winged, and 1/2 inch long. Maturing in November, seed is tiny, winged, and 1/2 inch long. Maturing in November, disseminating in late winter. disseminating in late winter.

Twig:Twig: Obviously zigzag, quite stout and orange-brown in color. The leaf Obviously zigzag, quite stout and orange-brown in color. The leaf scar surrounds the bud and the stipule scar surrounds the twig. The scar surrounds the bud and the stipule scar surrounds the twig. The terminal bud is absent. Lateral buds are reddish, resinous, with a single terminal bud is absent. Lateral buds are reddish, resinous, with a single scale. scale.

Bark:Bark: Thin, mottled brown, green and white. Often referred to as Thin, mottled brown, green and white. Often referred to as "camouflage" bark that readily exfoliates. Older stems are gray-brown and "camouflage" bark that readily exfoliates. Older stems are gray-brown and scaly. scaly.

Form:Form: A very massive tree with heavy, spreading branches with obviously A very massive tree with heavy, spreading branches with obviously zigzag twigs. In winter, the fruits resemble Christmas tree ornaments. zigzag twigs. In winter, the fruits resemble Christmas tree ornaments.

American sycamore American sycamore Platanaceae Platanus Platanaceae Platanus occidentalisoccidentalis

Virginia pine Virginia pine Pinaceae Pinus Pinaceae Pinus virginianavirginiana

Leaf:Leaf: Evergreen, 1 1/2 to 3 inches long, with 2 yellow-green, twisted, Evergreen, 1 1/2 to 3 inches long, with 2 yellow-green, twisted, somewhat divergent needles per fascicle. somewhat divergent needles per fascicle.

Flower:Flower: Monoecious; males cylindrical, yellow, near branch tip; females Monoecious; males cylindrical, yellow, near branch tip; females yellow to red, curved prickle present. yellow to red, curved prickle present.

Fruit:Fruit: Cones are 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 inches long, sessile and persistent, conical Cones are 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 inches long, sessile and persistent, conical or ovoid in shape, with red-brown scales and an umbo armed with a or ovoid in shape, with red-brown scales and an umbo armed with a needle-like prickle. Maturing September to November. needle-like prickle. Maturing September to November.

Twig:Twig: Slender, green changing to purple-green with a glaucous bloom. Slender, green changing to purple-green with a glaucous bloom. Bark:Bark: Orange to brown on young stems, becoming scaly. Old stems are Orange to brown on young stems, becoming scaly. Old stems are

red-brown in color, with small, scale covered plates. Cinnamon colored red-brown in color, with small, scale covered plates. Cinnamon colored patches often on upper parts of trunk. patches often on upper parts of trunk.

Form:Form: A small to medium-sized tree, usually of somewhat poor form. A small to medium-sized tree, usually of somewhat poor form. Eventually develops a flat top. Dead branches self-prune poorly. Eventually develops a flat top. Dead branches self-prune poorly.

Virginia pine Virginia pine Pinaceae Pinus virginianaPinaceae Pinus virginiana

White ash White ash OleaceaeOleaceae Fraxinus americanaFraxinus americana

Leaf:Leaf: Opposite, pinnately compound with 7 serrate to entire leaflets that Opposite, pinnately compound with 7 serrate to entire leaflets that are ovate to somewhat lanceolate, 8 to 12 inches long and, essentially are ovate to somewhat lanceolate, 8 to 12 inches long and, essentially hairless. Flower: Dioecious, both sexes lacking petals, occuring as hairless. Flower: Dioecious, both sexes lacking petals, occuring as panicles. Flowers appear before or with the leaves. panicles. Flowers appear before or with the leaves.

Fruit:Fruit: A one-winged, dry, flattened samara with a full, rounded, seed A one-winged, dry, flattened samara with a full, rounded, seed cavity, maturing October to November and dispersing over winter. cavity, maturing October to November and dispersing over winter.

Twig:Twig: Stout, gray-olive-green in color, and hairless. Leaf scars round at Stout, gray-olive-green in color, and hairless. Leaf scars round at the bottom, notched at the top, with lateral buds in the notch. Terminal the bottom, notched at the top, with lateral buds in the notch. Terminal bud is large, brown, and flanked by two lateral buds. bud is large, brown, and flanked by two lateral buds.

Bark:Bark: Ashy gray to brown in color, with interlacing corky ridges forming Ashy gray to brown in color, with interlacing corky ridges forming obvious diamonds. Older trees may be scaly. obvious diamonds. Older trees may be scaly.

Form:Form: A large tree that may develop a straight, clear bole on good sites A large tree that may develop a straight, clear bole on good sites with a thin, usually narrow crown. with a thin, usually narrow crown.

White ash White ash OleaceaeOleaceae Fraxinus americanaFraxinus americana

                      

          

          

      

                       

      

     

                                                        

White oak White oak Fagaceae Fagaceae Quercus albaQuercus alba

Leaf:Leaf: Alternate, simple, oblong to ovate in shape, pinnately veined with an Alternate, simple, oblong to ovate in shape, pinnately veined with an evenly lobed margin, 4 to 7 inches long. The apex is rounded and the evenly lobed margin, 4 to 7 inches long. The apex is rounded and the base is wedge-shaped. Leaves are hairless, bright green above and base is wedge-shaped. Leaves are hairless, bright green above and whitish below. Flower: Male flowers are green, borne in naked catkins, 2 whitish below. Flower: Male flowers are green, borne in naked catkins, 2 to 4 inches long. Female flowers are reddish and appear as single spikes. to 4 inches long. Female flowers are reddish and appear as single spikes. Appearing with the leaves. Appearing with the leaves.

Fruit:Fruit: Ovoid, but may be oblong, with a warty cap that covers 1/4 of the Ovoid, but may be oblong, with a warty cap that covers 1/4 of the fruit. The cap always detaches at maturity. Matures in one year, ripens fruit. The cap always detaches at maturity. Matures in one year, ripens 120 days after pollination (July to September). 120 days after pollination (July to September).

Twig:Twig: Red-brown to somewhat gray, hairless, with red-brown multiple Red-brown to somewhat gray, hairless, with red-brown multiple terminal buds that are small, rounded and hairless. Twigs are often shiny terminal buds that are small, rounded and hairless. Twigs are often shiny or somewhat glaucous. or somewhat glaucous.

Bark:Bark: Whitish or ashy gray, varying from scaly to irregularly platy or Whitish or ashy gray, varying from scaly to irregularly platy or blocky. On older trees smooth patches are not uncommon. blocky. On older trees smooth patches are not uncommon.

Form:Form: A large tree; when open grown, white oaks have rugged, irregular A large tree; when open grown, white oaks have rugged, irregular crowns that are wide spreading, with a stocky bole. In the forest crowns crowns that are wide spreading, with a stocky bole. In the forest crowns are upright and oval. are upright and oval.

White oak White oak Fagaceae Quercus albaFagaceae Quercus alba

Water oak Water oak Fagaceae Fagaceae Quercus nigraQuercus nigra

Leaf:Leaf: Alternate, simple 2 to 4 inches long and extremely variable in shape Alternate, simple 2 to 4 inches long and extremely variable in shape (from spatulate to lanceolate). May be 0 to 5 lobed. Margins may be entire (from spatulate to lanceolate). May be 0 to 5 lobed. Margins may be entire or bristle-tipped. Both surfaces are glabrous, but axillary tufts may be or bristle-tipped. Both surfaces are glabrous, but axillary tufts may be present below. present below.

Flower:Flower: Staminate flowers borne on catkins. Pistillate flowers borne on Staminate flowers borne on catkins. Pistillate flowers borne on spikes. Appearing with the leaves. spikes. Appearing with the leaves.

Fruit:Fruit: Acorns are 1/2 inch long, very dark in color, and 1/3 covered by a Acorns are 1/2 inch long, very dark in color, and 1/3 covered by a flattened cap with appressed scales. Maturing in September of the second flattened cap with appressed scales. Maturing in September of the second year. year.

Twig:Twig: Slender, red-brown in color, with short, sharp-pointed, angular, red- Slender, red-brown in color, with short, sharp-pointed, angular, red-brown buds that are multiple at the tip. brown buds that are multiple at the tip.

Bark:Bark: Dark and quite tight, smooth when young and later with irregular Dark and quite tight, smooth when young and later with irregular rough patches. Much later developing wide, scaly ridges. rough patches. Much later developing wide, scaly ridges.

Form:Form: A medium-sized tree with a slender bole and rounded crown with A medium-sized tree with a slender bole and rounded crown with ascending branches. ascending branches.

Water oak Water oak Fagaceae Quercus nigraFagaceae Quercus nigra

Water tupeloWater tupelo Nyssaceae Nyssaceae Nyssa aquaticaNyssa aquatica

Leaf:Leaf: Alternate, simple, pinnately veined, 4 to 8 inches long, oblong to Alternate, simple, pinnately veined, 4 to 8 inches long, oblong to obovate, entire margin but may have a few large teeth. obovate, entire margin but may have a few large teeth.

Flower:Flower: Small, greenish white, usually in hanging clusters, appearing with Small, greenish white, usually in hanging clusters, appearing with the leaves. the leaves.

Fruit:Fruit: A reddish purple drupe, 1 inch long and tear shaped, flesh A reddish purple drupe, 1 inch long and tear shaped, flesh surrounds a deeply grooved pit. surrounds a deeply grooved pit.

Twig:Twig: Stout, yellow brown to red brown, large heart shaped leaf scar, Stout, yellow brown to red brown, large heart shaped leaf scar, buds small, pith diaphragmed, spur shoots common. buds small, pith diaphragmed, spur shoots common.

Bark:Bark: Brownish gray, scaly ridges or even blocky (somewhat variable). Brownish gray, scaly ridges or even blocky (somewhat variable). Form:Form: Large tree to 100 feet, several feet in diameter, clear trunk which is Large tree to 100 feet, several feet in diameter, clear trunk which is

typically swolen at base, roots often grow out of soil.typically swolen at base, roots often grow out of soil.

Water tupeloWater tupelo Nyssaceae Nyssa aquatica Nyssaceae Nyssa aquatica

Yellow-poplar Yellow-poplar Magnoliaceae Magnoliaceae Liriodendron tulipiferaLiriodendron tulipifera

Leaf:Leaf: Alternate, simple, palmately veined, orbicular, 4-lobed with an entire Alternate, simple, palmately veined, orbicular, 4-lobed with an entire margin, 4 to 8 inches long. Somewhat shaped like a tulip. Flower: Showy, margin, 4 to 8 inches long. Somewhat shaped like a tulip. Flower: Showy, but high in the tree, 2 1/2 inches long, with yellow-green petals and an but high in the tree, 2 1/2 inches long, with yellow-green petals and an orange corolla. Present April to June. orange corolla. Present April to June.

Fruit:Fruit: An oblong aggregate of samaras, deciduous at maturity. Each An oblong aggregate of samaras, deciduous at maturity. Each samara is 1-winged, 1 1/2 inches long, and 4-angled. Maturing August to samara is 1-winged, 1 1/2 inches long, and 4-angled. Maturing August to October. October.

Twig:Twig: Red-brown in color, often with a shiny appearance or a waxy Red-brown in color, often with a shiny appearance or a waxy bloom. Stipules are large and encircle the twig. Buds are elongated and bloom. Stipules are large and encircle the twig. Buds are elongated and valvate, resembling a "duck bill". Twigs have a sweet, spicy odor when valvate, resembling a "duck bill". Twigs have a sweet, spicy odor when broken. broken.

Bark:Bark: Light gray-green in color, often with white in grooves or in patches. Light gray-green in color, often with white in grooves or in patches. Smooth when young, developing flat-topped ridges and furrows in Smooth when young, developing flat-topped ridges and furrows in diamond shaped patterns. On older trees sapsucker holes are common. diamond shaped patterns. On older trees sapsucker holes are common.

Form:Form: In a stand, this tree is very straight with a limb-free bowl. Open- In a stand, this tree is very straight with a limb-free bowl. Open-grown trees have a pyramidal crown when young, becoming oval in grown trees have a pyramidal crown when young, becoming oval in shape. shape.

Yellow-poplar Yellow-poplar Magnoliaceae Liriodendron Magnoliaceae Liriodendron tulipiferatulipifera