Trebinje / Bosnia and Herzegovina / 6-9 June 2018 · Pavlina Gyaurova, Svetoslav Marinov, Ivaylo...
Transcript of Trebinje / Bosnia and Herzegovina / 6-9 June 2018 · Pavlina Gyaurova, Svetoslav Marinov, Ivaylo...
Proceedings of the International Symposium
Trebinje / Bosnia and Herzegovina / 6-9 June 2018
KARST 2018
“Expect the Unexpected”
Editors:
Saša Milanović and Zoran Stevanović
Centre for Karst Hydrogeology
Hydro-Energy Power Plant “Dabar”
Belgrade, 2018
Publishers:
University of Belgrade The Faculty of Mining & Geology Department for Hydrogeology Centre for Karst Hydrogeology Belgrade, Serbia
Hydro-Energy Power Plant “Dabar” Trebinje, Bosnia and Herzegovina
For the publishers: Dr Dušan Polomčić, Dean of the Faculty of Min. & Geol., University of Belgrade Željko Zubac, Director of the Hydro-Energy Power Plant “Dabar” Editors:
Saša Milanović Zoran Stevanović
Technical preparation: Branislav Petrović Veljko Marinović
Circulation:
300 copies
Front page:
Arslanagića most bridge across the Trebišnjica river, Bosnia & Herzegovina
(photo S. Milanović)
The authors of contributions in these proceedings are responsible for the content and copyrights of their respective contributions. Neither publishers nor any person acting on its behalf is responsible for the possible use of information contained in this publication.
Printed by:
FineGraf d.o.o. Beograd
ISBN 978-86-735-325-5
Trebinje city, view from Leotar
View of Leotar from Trebinje city
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Table of contents
Introduction........................................................................................................................... vii
Key Note Contributions ................................................................................................. 3
Derek Ford The evolution of karstology ............................................................................................ 5
Richard R. Parizek When research and practice involves karst: Expect the Unexpected ............ 13
Ralf Benischke Karst water resources of Austria,
hydrogeological aspects and problems ...................................................................... 23
Kukurić Neno DIKTAS: international groundwaters of Dinarides ............................................... 31
Yaoru Lu, Qi Liu & Wei Zhang The geo-environmental problems in karst regions of China ............................. 35
Geological and Hydrotechnical Engineering in Karst .................................. 37
Ali Aalianvari & Tayebe Meshkat Impact of karst features on water inflow into tunnel –
case study: Zagros tunnel-Iran ...................................................................................... 39
Aleksey Benderev, Stefan Shanov, Konstantin Kostov, Pavlina Gyaurova, Svetoslav Marinov, Ivaylo Ivanov, Iren Ilieva & Valentin Valev Karst and hydraulic construction in Bulgaria.......................................................... 49
Staša Borović, Josip Terzić & Kosta Urumović Installation of ground- and water-source heat pumps in
karst terrains (case studies from Croatia) ................................................................ 57
Petar Dokmanović, Zoran Stevanović & Saša Milanović Hydrogeological risk factors of dam and reservoir construction
in karst terrains – “three dams in three gorges” in Serbia ................................. 65
Igor Jemcov, Jovana Šišović, Ana Mladenović & Marina Ćuk Time series for impact analysis of grout curtain on
hydraulic behavior in karst ............................................................................................. 73
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Nikolay Maksimovich & Olga Meshcheriakova The experience of the dam construction on gypsum-bearing
Rocks (in the territory of the former USSR) ............................................................. 81
Tayebe Meshkat, Daryush Mahjoob Farshchi & Esmaeel Ebtekar Evaluation of evaporite karstic challenge in Gotvand dam reservoir ........... 89
Saša Milanović, Ljiljana Vasić Hydrogeological characteristics of karst aquifer under the
conditions of reservoir and dam utilization - example of
Bilecka reservoir (Trebinje, Bosnia and Herzegovina) ....................................... 97
Mario Parise & Gioacchino Francesco Andriani Open questions on the implementation of engineering
geology techniques and methods in karst................................................................. 107
Milan Vlahović, Petar Milanović & Vaso Mrvaljević Alternative solutions for the closing of ponors
in Slano reservoir in the Nikšić polje .......................................................................... 115
Karst Geomorphology, Speleology and Speleogenesis ................................ 123
Jelena Ćalić Open questions in karst geomorphology: discussions on
karstic uvalas ........................................................................................................................ 125
Thomas Dietler Some aspects of karst development in carbonate sediments of
the Shan-plateau in Myanmar (Burma) ..................................................................... 127
Elena Drobinina, Tatyana Kovaleva & Anna Koriakina Investigation of the local variation of physical and mechanical
properties of the covering deposits in order to hazard assessment
of karst (on the example of sulfate-carbonate karst
of Permsky kray, Russia) .................................................................................................. 135
Evgeny Erofeev & Valery Kataev Estimative karst interpretation of satellite images of
the south – south-eastern districts of Perm region ............................................... 143
Peter Gerginov, Evelina Damyanova, Tatiana Orehova & Kamelia Kroumova Specific features of the karst spring Palilula in northwest Bulgaria .............. 151
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Valerii Kataev & Irina Ermolovich Geological indicators of active karst in the regions of
sulfate-carbonate structure (Perm region, Russia)............................................... 157
Milorad Kličković Karst hydrogeological system Kalipolje – Bukovik
(Javor mountain, southwestern Serbia)..................................................................... 165
Andrey D. Kochev, Pavel L. Kopytin & Nikita A. Kochev Karst suffosion processes in Moscow city and the
problem of evaluating their hazard ............................................................................. 172
Konstantin Kostov, Nikolay Dobrev & Nataliya Kostova The show caves in north Bulgaria: possibilities for tectonic monitoring .... 179
Silvana Magni Dissolution process: When does the process start? .............................................. 187
Junbing Pu, Jianhong Li, Tao Zhang, George Veni & Daoxian Yuan Vertical distribution of dissolved inorganic carbon in a karst
groundwater-fed surface water reservoir in Guangxi, south China ............... 189
Stefan Shanov & Stanka Šebela Micro-tectonic movements in Postojna cave (Slovenia) and
earthquake activity ............................................................................................................. 199
Sergey Scherbakov Covered karst landforms: complexification of methods to estimation
of morphometric parameters in engineering purposes ...................................... 207
Eugenia Tarassova, Zhivka Janakieva & Mihail Tarassov Speleothems stored in the “Earth and man” National museum,
Sofia, Bulgaria ....................................................................................................................... 215
Marjan Temovski & László Palcsu Geochemical characteristics of some thermal karst springs –
insight into the hypogene karst systems in Mariovo, Macedonia ................... 223
Ljiljana Vasić, Saša Milanović & Huang Fen Determination of groundwater circulation velocity of
karst springs with gravitational circulation by isotope
and the noble gas method – case study of Veliko vrelo and
Malo vrelo springs of the Beljanica massif ............................................................... 231
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Denis Zolotarev Application of lineament analysis in karst exploration ....................................... 239
Management and Sustainable Use of
Karstic Water Resources .............................................................................................. 247
Dragoslav Banjak Investigation of hydrochemical characteristics
of the Trebišnjica river catchment
using multivariate statistical analysis ........................................................................ 249
Momčilo Blagojević, Zoran Stevanović & Milan Radulović Transboundary groundwater resource management –
monitoring of Cijevna river basin (Montenegro – Albania) ............................... 257
Ognjen Bonacci Analyses of Vrana lake (Island of Cres, Croatia)
mean annual water level .................................................................................................. 265
Mihael Brenčič, Mateja Jelovčan & Ines Vidmar 170 years long continuous record of Planinsko polje
(central Slovenia) flooding – preliminary analysis of data series ................... 273
Petar Dokmanović & Veljko Marinović Hydrogeological features of the Valjevo karst area (western Serbia) .......... 275
Hilary Drew & Zoran Mateljak Streams of income and jobs: the economic significance of
the Neretva and Trebišnjica river basins .................................................................. 283
Romeo Eftimi Karst and karst water resources of Albania ............................................................. 293
Francesco Fiorillo, Libera Esposito, Gianni Testa, Sabatino Ciarcia & Mauro Pagnozzi The upwelling water flow feeding karst springs .................................................... 301
Zlatko Ilijovski, Marija Makeshoska & Pero Jokanovich Hydrogeological characteristics of the carbonate complexes in
Republic of Macedonia ...................................................................................................... 309
Nenad Jaćimović, Tina Dašić, Miloš Stanić, Nedeljko Sudar, Petar Milanović, Branislav Đorđević Water balance analysis of the karst field
by distributed hydrological modelling ....................................................................... 317
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Veljko Marinović & Branislav Petrović Preliminary characterization of Seljašnica karst aquifer (SW Serbia)
based on recession curve analysis ............................................................................... 327
Veljko Marinović & Zoran Stevanović The specific role of karst aquifers in the hydrogeological sections
of river basin management plans ................................................................................. 335
Saša Milanović, Ljiljana Vasić & Tina Dašić Regulation and utilization of flood water of karst polje –
example of Gatačko polje, eastern Herzegovina ..................................................... 343
Vaso Mrvaljević & Milan Vlahović Using EPIK methods in the assessment of groundwater
Vulnerability of catchment of the Nikšićko polje ................................................... 351
Arunangshu Mukherjee & Devinder Kumar Chadha Exploration driven groundwater management plan for
karst dominated small isolated geological basin of
central Indian craton ......................................................................................................... 359
Zoran Nikić, Ratko Ristić, Nenad Marić & Vukašin Milčanović The role of karst in redistribution of water resources:
Vodenička river basin, Stara planina – Serbia ......................................................... 369
Iancu Orăşeanu Head and temperature changes induced by earth-tide in
Felix - 1 Mai -Oradea thermal aquifer (Bihor, Romania) .................................... 375
Mauro Pagnozzi, Libera Esposito & Francesco Fiorillo Comparison between some karst systems in southern Italy
typified by different hydrological behavior ............................................................. 383
Metka Petrič, Marina Gacin, Nataša Ravbar & Petra Gostinčar GIS database of tracer tests carried out in the Slovenian karst ....................... 391
Branislav Petrović Intrinsic groundwater vulnerability assessment of
Suva planina Mt. (SE Serbia) ........................................................................................... 397
Marijana Petrović, Nela Petronijević, Nenad Nikolić, Slobodan Knezević, Miodrag Kezović, Miroslav Sokić & Branislav Marković Hydrogeological potential of Miocene limestones of
Southern part of the Kolubara coal basin .................................................................. 405
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THE ROLE OF KARST IN REDISTRIBUTION OF WATER RESOURCES: VODENIČKA RIVER BASIN, STARA PLANINA - SERBIA
Zoran Nikić1, Ratko Ristić1, Nenad Marić1, Vukašin Milčanović1
1Faculty of Forestry, University of Belgrade, Serbia, e-mail: [email protected]
Abstract: Located on the slopes of mountain Stara planina in Eastern Serbia, Visok kraj is an area characterized by attractive geological, geomorphological and hydrogeological phenomena. The aim of this study was to emphasize the role of karst in the spatial redistribution of water resources in this area. Vodenička River is the right tributary of Visočica, and it can be considered as a typical watercourse for the study of this phenomena. Upstream from the Middle Triassic carbonate complex, Vodenička River is a perennial watercourse. Due to the capacity of sinkholes and sink zones within this carbonate complex, downgradient from this zone Vodenička River is a non-perennial watercourse, which completely dries up during the recession period. It seems reasonable to assume that subsurface infiltration of Vodenička River from this zone is directed towards the spring Jelovičko vrelo. Key words: karst, non-perennial watercourse, Vodenička River Introduction The study area is located in Eastern Serbia, on the southwestern slopes of mountain Stara planina. This geographical area, from Zavojsko Lake (West) to the border with Bulgaria (East), is known as Visok kraj. The entire area is characterized by attractive geological, geomorphological and hydrogeological phenomena. The study area belongs to the central part of Visok kraj. It extends from the Vodenička River (East) to the spring Jelovičko vrelo (West). The aim of this study was to emphasize the role of karst in the spatial redistribution of water resources in this area. Visočica River represents the main watercourse in Visok kraj. Vodenička River is the right tributary of Visočica and it can be considered as a typical watercourse for the study of this phenomena. The study was conducted in 2016.
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Fig. 1. Geographical position of the study area
Materials and methods For the purpose of this study, geological, geomorphological and hydrogeological characteristics of Vodenička River catchment basin have been studied. Thus, data from published materials and public data sources were combined with field research. These field research activities have primarily included the reconnaissance survey of Vodenička River catchment basin. Where necessary, detailed geological and hydrogeological mapping was performed. For this purpose, Basic Geological Map (1: 100 000 scale), sheets Pirot (K 34-34) and Belogradčik (K 34-22) with a textual explanation, unpublished sheets of these maps (1: 25 000 scale) and 1:25 000 scale topographic maps have been used. Results and discussion The study area is made of Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Quarternary formations (Fig. 2). According to the Anđelković et al. (1977), Palaeozoic is dominantly represented by Riphean-Cambrian crystalline schist. Mesozoic is made of several lithostratigraphic units ranging from Lower Triassic to Lower Cretaceous. Thus, Mesozoic is represented by sediments of the Lower Triassic -
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T1 (sandstones, conglomerates), Middle Triassic - T2 (limestones, dolomites), Triassic and Jurassic - T,J (claystones, sandstones, limestones, dolomites), Lower Jurassic J1,2 (sandstones, claystones, conglomerates, sandy limestones), Upper Jurassic J33 (limestones and marly limestones) and Lower Cretaceous - K11,2 (limestones, marls, sandstones). Quaternary formations consist of terrace deposits - t.
Fig. 2. Simplified geological and hydrogeological scheme of the study area
Within the study area, following types of the aquifer have been formed: fissure-karstic aquifers within Middle Triassic and Upper Jurassic sediments, and intergranular aquifer within Quaternary sediments. The aquifer formed within carbonate Middle Triassic complex can be considered as particularly important for this study. According to Krstić et al. (1974) and Anđelković et al. (1977), this complex is characterized by the shift of fissured and intensively karstified limestones, with significantly less karstified dolomites, dolomite limestones, and lumpy limestones. The intensive karstification of these sediments is confirmed by the development of typical surface and underground karst phenomena: springs, sinkholes, sinking zones, caverns, and caves. The infiltration of surface water can be considered as the main source of recharge for the aquifer formed within this carbonate complex. The rainfall infiltration can be considered as a secondary source of aquifer recharge. The other
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geological formations within the study area are characterized by a negligible subsurface runoff. These sediments represent a barrier to the flow movement of groundwater accumulated within Middle Triassic complex. Upstream from the Middle Triassic complex, Vodenička River topographic catchment basin is a wide shaped area. Downstream from this carbonate complex the catchment area narrows. The source zone of Vodenička River is located on the cliff of Stara Planina anticline. This zone is characterized by a significant amount of precipitation. It is made of Riphean-Cambrian formations, characterized by the existence of local fissured aquifers. These aquifers drain through numerous springs with limited discharge. Due to the limited subsurface infiltration, Vodenička River in this zone is a perennial watercourse, with a constant flow during the entire year. By its downgradient movement, Vodenička River enters the zone of karstified Middle Triassic formations. Due to the intensive karstification of these sediments, the riverbed of Vodenička River in this zone is characterized by the existence of sinkholes and sinking zones (Fig. 3). The length of these sinking zones is estimated to few decades of meters.
Fig. 3. The sinking zone of Vodenička River
The infiltration of Vodenička River water due to the sinking occurs during the entire year, but during the recession period, it leads to the complete dry up of this watercourse. Downstream from this zone, up to its confluence with Visočica, Vodenička River is a non-perennial watercourse. Due to the hydrogeological characteristics of Lower Triassic and Upper Jurassic sediments, which represent a barrier to the groundwater flow movement, it is reasonable to assume that the sinking waters of Vodenička River are directed towards the Jelovičko vrelo spring (Nikić, 2003).
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Fig.4. Spring Jelovičko vrelo
According to Milanović and Vasić (2015), Jelovičko vrelo is a typical ascending siphonal spring. Although the maximum discharge of the spring is about 4 m3/s, during recession period the occurrence of no flow from the spring opening was recorded up to 2 days (Cvijić, 1926; Čubrilović, 1990). This redistribution of water from the Vodenička River catchment basin to the spring Jelovičko vrelo is also characteristic for other right tributaries of Visočica River. According to Nikić et al (2016), the water redistribution from Visočica to the Dojkinačka River the catchment basin represents a hydrogeological specificity of the entire area of Visok kraj. Conclusions The hydrogeological conditions of Visok kraj lead to the spatial redistribution of water resources in this area. Vodenička River can be considered as a typical watercourse for the study of this phenomena. Its source zone is located on the cliff of Stara Planina anticline, characterized by a significant amount of precipitation. This allogenic watercourse has a constant flow during the flood period, while during the recession period is characterized by the shift of sections with and without flow. Similarly to other right tributaries of Visočica, Vodenička River is a perennial watercourse upstream from the zone of Middle Triassic carbonate complex. Due to the capacity of sinkholes and sink zones within this carbonate complex, downstream from this zone, Vodenička River is a non-perennial watercourse, which completely dries up during the recession period. Considering the hydrogeological features of the study area, it seems reasonable to assume that subsurface infiltration of Vodenička River from this zone is directed towards the spring Jelovičko vrelo. This redistribution of water towards the spring Jelovičko vrelo is also characteristic for other right tributaries of Visočica in Visok kraj.
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Acknowledgements This study is a result of Projects No. TR 37008 and III 43004, funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia. References Anđelković J, Krstić A, Bogdanović P, Jadranin D, Milanković P, Milošević R, Urošević D,
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34-34 Pirot and textual explanation for sheets Pirot and Breznik. Federal Geological Survey, Belgrade, pp. 67.
Cvijić J, 1926: Geomorphology, 2nd book. State print office of Kingdom of Serbs, Croats
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Andrejevic Foundation, Belgrade Nikić Z, Dokmanović P, Anđelić M, Lekić M, 2016: A contribution Jovan Cvijić's
consideration of the source of the Visočica river. Proceedings „150th anniversary of Jovan Cvijić's birth“, Belgrade, 260-274.
Čubrilović P, 1990: Hydrogeological characteristics of Stara planina - Jelovičko vrelo.
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