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![Page 1: Treatment Options Part 1 Tom Sorg Darren Lytle Water Supply and Water Resources Division Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649e055503460f94af140f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Treatment OptionsPart 1
Tom Sorg Darren Lytle
Water Supply and Water Resources DivisionOffice of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection AgencyCincinnati, OH
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Topics – Part 1
• Arsenic Chemistry
• BAT Technology
• Adsorptive Media
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Arsenic Chemistry
Arsenic Species As (III) - H3AsO3
0 , H2AsO3-1 , HAsO3
-2
As (V) - H3AsO40 , HAsO4
-1 , AsO4-2
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Arsenic Chemistry
What is the significance of arsenic speciation?
As V more effectively removed than As IIIby most treatment technologies
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Arsenic Occurrence
Surface waters - predominantly As (V)
Ground waters – usually found as As (III), however, it can As (V) or a combination ofAs (III) and As (V).
![Page 6: Treatment Options Part 1 Tom Sorg Darren Lytle Water Supply and Water Resources Division Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649e055503460f94af140f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
For maximum As removal
oxidize As (III) to As (V)
before applying treatment
Arsenic Chemistry
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As III Oxidation
Effective!
Free Chlorine
Potassium Permanganate
Ozone
Solid Oxidizing Media (MnO2 solids)
Ineffective
Chloramine
Chlorine Dioxide
UV Radiation
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Oxidation of As III by aeration
not effective
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Topics – Part 1
• Arsenic Chemistry
• BAT Technology
• Adsorptive Media
![Page 10: Treatment Options Part 1 Tom Sorg Darren Lytle Water Supply and Water Resources Division Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649e055503460f94af140f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Arsenic Rule
Best Available Technology (BAT)Technology Maximum Percent
Removal (As V)Ion Exchange 95Activated Alumina 90Reverse Osmosis >95Modified Coag/Filtration 95Modified Lime Softening 80Electrodialysis Reversal 85Oxidation/Filtration (20:1 Fe/As) 80
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Arsenic Rule Other Ground Water Processes
Technology Reason for not being listed as BAT
Coagulation Assisted No full scale historyMicrofiltration
Granular Ferric Lack of published dataHydroxide (GFH)
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Small Systems Compliance Technologies Centralized Treatment – IE, AA, MC/F, MLS, Fe Removal
POU - RO, Activated Alumina
POE – Activated Alumina
Arsenic Rule
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Arsenic Treatment - Process Selection Guide
Iron - mg/L
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
Ars
enic
- u
g/L
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
As MCL
Fe
- S
MC
L
A
Iron Removal Process(Optimized for Maximium As Removal)
BModified Iron Removal Process
C
Media AdsorptionIron Coag/FiltIon ExchangeIron Removal(M)RO / NF
20 - 1 Fe/As ra
tio
or above
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Topics – Part 1
• Arsenic Chemistry
• BAT Technology
• Adsorptive Media
![Page 15: Treatment Options Part 1 Tom Sorg Darren Lytle Water Supply and Water Resources Division Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649e055503460f94af140f/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Arsenic Demonstration Program – Round 1
Technologies selected for demonstration (12 sites)
Adsorptive media – 9Iron media – 7 (E 33, Sorb 33, GFH)Iron based media – 1 (G2)Modified activated alumina –1 (AAFS 50)
Ion exchange – 1 (As & NO3)Iron removal – 1Treatment modification (iron removal process) - 1
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Adsorptive Media Processes
Advantages• Simple process• High removal capacity• Non hazardous waste products• Low cost
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Adsorptive Media Treatment
Disadvantages• Removal capacity impacted by water chemistry, such as pH• pH adjustment may be required• Media replacement
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Adsorptive Media Treatment
Key design factors• Media• Bed configuration
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Adsorptive Media Listed in NSF/ANSI STD 61
Company Base Material Name Material
Alcan (4) Aluminium AAFS - 50 Mod AA
Alcoa (2) Aluminium CPN AA
Apyron Aluminium Aqua-Bind Mod AA
Engelhard Aluminium ARM 100 AA
Engelhard
ADI Internat.
Iron
Iron
ARM 200
G2
Iron Oxide
Iron based
SMI Iron SMI III Iron/sulfur
US Filter Iron GFH Iron Hydroxide
Bayer AG Iron E 33 Iron Oxide
WRT Zeolite Z – 33 Mod Zeolite
Magnesium Elektron
Zirconium Isolux Zirconium Hydroxide
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Figure 1. Results of Arsenic Removal by Adsorptive Media Pilot Plant Studies.
Bed Volumes X 1000
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65
Ars
enic
Co
nce
ntr
atio
n -
ug
/L
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
MCL
C2 Alcan Modified AAC3 ADI G2
C1 Alcoa CPN AA
C4 E33 C5 Englehard Modified AAC6 GFH
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Adsorptive Media System Designs
Simple 1, 2, or 3 beds in parallel
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A A
Adsorptive Media System Design
Roughing filter
Polishing filterBB
Series Design
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Activated Alumina System - New Hampshire
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Arsenic Removal, Activated Alumina System(CS), NH. 1998-99
Week
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Ars
enic
con
cent
ratio
n -
ug/L
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Influent water After 1st AA tank After 2nd AA tank System effluent
Influent water: pH 8.2, alk 58 mg/L (CaCO3), Fe <0.03 mg/L
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Adsorptive Media TreatmentFlow Media
gpm
Design Total Capital Investment (TCI)
Equipment Cost
Eq Cost
% of TCI
70 G2 Series $154,700 $102,600 66
37 AAFS50 Series $228,309 $122,646 54
45 E33 Series $90,757 $66,235 73
100 E33 Parallel $106,568 $82,081 77
145 E33 Parallel $139,251 $112,211 80
300 E33 Parallel $211,000 $129,500 62
320 E33 Parallel $153,000 $112,600 73
350 GFH Parallel $232,309 $157,646 68
640 E33 Parallel $305,000 $218,000 71