Treatment of sludge and reclaimed wastewater polluted with emerging contaminants
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Transcript of Treatment of sludge and reclaimed wastewater polluted with emerging contaminants
TREATMENT OF SLUDGE
AND RECLAIMED
WASTEWATER POLLUTED
WITH EMERGING
CONTAMINANTS
Guillem Llorens Blanch
BioremUAB Seminar
April, 24th 2015
Contents1. Introduction
2. Objectives
3. Methodology
4. ResultsI. Degradation of
hydrochlorothiazide in
liquid systems
II. Optimization of
biopile systems
III. Treatment of MBR
sludge
IV. Treatment of WWTP’s
dried sludge
V. Fungi as low-cost
sorbent for Heavy
Metals
VI. Post-treatment of
WWTP’s water
IntroductionI. WWTP Sludge
II. Soil-Aquifer Treatment
i. Groundwater
recharge
ii. Low-cost sorbent
III. Emerging Polllutants
IV. Bioremediation
i. Micoremediation
ii. White rot fungi
iii. Trametes versicolor
I. WWTP Sludge
A mix of water and solids.
The main waste produced in WWTPs
High water content
High content of OM, N, P, K, Ca, and Mg
Can contain heavy metals, pathogens, and
organic pollutants
WWTP sludge activities is becoming an
interesting product in agricultural and forestry
activities.
II. Soil-Aquifer Treatment
Groundwater is an important naturalresource that can be use to supply waterfor municipal, agricultural, and industrialpurposes.
Artificial recharge methods are faster thannatural systems:
Direct aquifer injection systems: to putwater directly into the underground waterbasins.
Surface spreading recharge systems: toreplenish aquifers by infiltration
II. Soil-Aquifer Treatment
With surface spreading, reclaimedwastewater is intermittently introduced intospreading basins
Water will percolate across the ground andthroughout the aquifer
Water quality improvement thanks tophysical, chemical, and biological naturalprocesses
This is the so-called Soil-Aquifer Treatment(SAT)
II. Soil-Aquifer Treatment
Miotlinski et al. 2010
II. Soil-Aquifer Treatment
Adsorption is the mass transfer of a
substance from a liquid to a solid’s surface.
Activated carbon is the universal
adsorbent, but it is expensive.
Local materials available in large quantities
(natural products or waste) can be utilized
as inexpensive sorbents.
A material is a low-cost sorbent when
requires little processing, and is abundant.
III. Emerging Pollutants
Emerging pollutants are a group of man-madeand natural chemicals.
Not yet regulated; not deeply studied; can bea danger for the environment, and human andanimal health.
Detected in salt-water, freshwater andwastewater
Concentration: few ng·L-1 to thousands g·L-1
Formed by: pharmaceuticals products,personal care products (PCPs), endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), perfluorinatedcompounds (PFCs), and transformationproducts (TPs)
IV. Bioremediation
The use of microorganisms to remove chemical
compounds; treatments more sustainable and cheap
than traditional physical-chemical treatments.
Micoremediation: The use of fungi in bioremediation
processes. Fungi are eukaryotic organisms constituted by
especial structures called mycelia.
White Rot Fungi (WRF): basidiomycets are able to degrade
lignin. These ligninolytic fungi can degrade lignin thanks to
its unspecific extracellular enzyme system.
Trametes versicolor (T.v.): a WRF widely studied in the
treatment of polluted wastewaters, soils and sludge with:
textile dyes, PPCPs, UV-filters, and PAH
Objectives Study of fungaldegradation ofemerging pollutantsin sludge
Improvement of aSAT by removingemerging pollutantswith low-costsorbents
Environmental andeconomic study ofthe processes byLCA and RA
Methodology
I. Sludge
Treatment
II. Reclaimed
Wastewater
Treatment
I. Sludge
Treatment
Sludge...
Active
Anaerobic
WWTP
Thermic
dried
MBR
Treatment in...
Bioslurry
Biopiles
Spiked
Real
Concentrations
Pollutants
Lacasse
ND24
Glucose Degradation
II. Reclaimed
Wastewater Treatment
Wastewater...
WWTP with
mixed urban
and industrial
influents
Adsorption…
Biochar
NUA
Real
Concentrations
Pollutants
Soil-Aquifer
Treatment
(SAT)
ResultsI. Degradation of
hydrochlorothiazide
in liquid systems
II. Optimization of biopile systems
III. Treatment of MBR
sludge
IV. Treatment of WWTP’s
dried sludge
V. Fungi as low-cost
adsorbent for Heavy
Metals
VI. Post-treatment of WWTP’s water
I. Degradation of hydrochlorothiazide
(HZT) in liquid systems
HZT degradation experiments in spiked
media cultures at optimal growth
conditions for T.v..
Analyses of glucose consumption,
laccase activity, and HZT degradation.
I. Degradation of hydrochlorothiazide
(HZT) in liquid systems
I. Degradation of hydrochlorothiazide
(HZT) in liquid systems
45% of the measured HZT is eliminated from
the media.
10% of the compound was adsorbed on
the fungal biomass.
35% degraded.
II. Optimization of biopile systems
Data from prior experiments Soil colonization by Trametes versicolor grown
on lignocellulosic materials: Substrateselection and naproxen degradation. E.Borràs, G. Llorens-Blanch, C. E. Rodríguez-Rodríguez, M. Sarrà, G. Caminal. InternationalBiodeterioration & Biodegradation 65 (2011)846-852.
Practice report Jordi & C. E. Rodríguez-Rodríguez.
Experiment with oil pruning and sludge
II. Optimization of biopile systems
Group
Substrate(g)
Sludge (g)
Moisture (%)
1 3.0 6.0 40
2 2.5 6.5 54
3 2.0 7.0 60
4 1.3 7.7 54
5 0.8 8.2 40
6 1.3 7.7 26
7 2.0 7.0 20
8 2.5 6.5 26
9 2.0 6.0 40
III. Treatment of MBR sludge
Designed to test the ability of T.v. to growon liquid MBR sludge, and its degradationcapacity.
HZT as a target compound.
3 different culture media: complete media,glucose media and no-nutrient media.
Sterile and non-sterile conditions.
III. Treatment of MBR sludge
Sterile Conditions
Effect of media composition on the
degradation of spiked HZT in sterile bioslurry
system.
III. Treatment of MBR sludge
Complete Media Glucose Media
No-Nutrient Media
Sterile Conditions
III. Treatment of MBR sludge
Complete Media Glucose Media
No-Nutrient Media
Sterile Conditions
III. Treatment of MBR sludge
Non-sterile Conditions
Non-sterile conditions were tested for the
no-nutrient cultures in order to determine if
T.v. could degrade spiked HZT in
competition with the autochthonous sludge
microorganisms.
III. Treatment of MBR sludge
Laccase activity wasnegligible.
HZT degradationhigher than inprevious experiments.
HTZ degradation ininoculated culturesfaster than in rawsludge control.
Non-sterile Conditions
III. Treatment of MBR sludge
Pharmaceuticals degradation in non-spiked bioslurry
Determine the efficiency of T.v. to eliminatePPCPs at real concentrations in bioslurry.
3 groups: sterilized sludge with T.v., non-sterilized sludge with T.v., and non-sterilizedsludge without T.v.
III. Treatment of MBR sludge
Non-spiked Bioslurry
Removal: Inoculated: 66% Non-inoculated: 54%
In all cases partial ortotal drug removal wasobserved.
5 pharmaceuticalsshowed negativeelimination rates.
III. Treatment of MBR sludge
Non-spiked Bioslurry
III. Treatment of MBR sludge
Liquid MBR sludge can be treated with
T.v. at the Erlenmeyer scale.
T.v. grown under non-sterile conditions
without any extra nutrients.
The time to eliminate the drug was
reduced with T.v.
Non-spiked Bioslurry
III. Treatment of MBR sludge
Biopiles system
Determine the efficiency of T.v. to
eliminate HZT in a biopiles system.
Waste as substrate: Olive Pruning
III. Treatment of MBR sludge
Biopiles
III. Treatment of MBR sludge
Removal: 86%
Is not feasible to treat MBR sludge in
biopiles due to its high water content.
Biopiles
IV. Treatment of WWTP’s dried
sludge
Biopiles in trays
Determine the efficiency of T.v. to
eliminate PPCPs in larger biopiles (380g).
Sludge from WWTP El Prat de Llobregat
Waste as substrate: Pine Bark
IV. Treatment of WWTP’s dried
sludge
Biopiles in trays
IV. Treatment of WWTP’s dried
sludge
Biopiles in trays
IV. Treatment of WWTP’s dried
sludge
SAILAB Results
CompoundInitial
sludge
Biopiles
before reinoculation
Reinoculated
biopiles at final time
Non-
einoculated
biopiles at final time
Sludge +
Substrate at final time
Sludge at final time
Bisoprolol 0.5 0 0 0 0 0
Enroflaxicin 1.4 0 0 0 0 0
Progesterone 5.3 0 0 0 0 0
Methadone 5.6 0 0 0 0 0
Diclofenac 1.1 0 0 0 0 0
Gemfibrozil 0.43 0 0 0 0 0.4
Indomethacin
0.4 0 0 0 0 0
ICRA Results
21 compounds
detected
High disparity
between triplicates
and times
Biopiles in trays
IV. Treatment of WWTP’s dried
sludge
Biopiles in trays
The low repeatability is due to sampling
technique.
Difficult to take unitary and representative
samples in large biopiles.
IV. Treatment of WWTP’s dried
sludge
Biopiles in bottles
Determine the efficiency of T.v. to
eliminate PPCPs in small (20g) but more
representative biopiles.
Sludge from WWTP El Prat de Llobregat
Waste as substrate: Pine Bark
IV. Treatment of WWTP’s dried
sludge
Biopiles in bottles
V. Fungi as low-cost sorbent for
Heavy Metals
Treatment of heavy metals with T.v..
The first step was to reproduce a
published adsorption experiment with
another fungus.
Impossible to reproduce the conditions of
the paper.
Inconsistent results.
This research line has been abandoned.
VI. Post-treatment of WWTP’s
water
Improve the quality of reclaimedwastewater used in SAT.
Determine the efficiency of 2 low-costsorbents to eliminate emerging pollutants.
NUA: neutralised used acid comes fromheavy mineral processing residue
BIOCHAR: charcoal produced by thepyrolysis of biomass (eucalyptus).
Soil: Alice Springs SAT basin E
VI. Post-treatment of WWTP’s
water
Pilot-scale basinsPilot-scale basins
VI. Post-treatment of WWTP’s
water
Initial Screening
Determine the capacity of the soil to adsorb
a mixture of 7 compounds without
amendments.
24h batch sorption.
3 soil:solution ratio(g:mL): 1:1, 1:5 and 1:50.
Ibuprofen, carbamazepine, ofloxacin,
trimethorpim, ketoprofen, propranolol, and
sulfamethoxazole
VI. Post-treatment of WWTP’s
water
Initial Screening
VI. Post-treatment of WWTP’s
water
Ratio Experiment
Effect of the soil:amendment ratio in the
adsorption of 3 compounds.
2 amendments: Biochar and NUA.
24h batch sorption.
1 soil:solution ratio(g:mL): 1:5.
5 amendment:soil ratio: 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, and 5%.
Trimethorpim, propranolol, and
sulfamethoxazole.
VI. Post-treatment of WWTP’s
water
Ratio Experiment
VI. Post-treatment of WWTP’s
water
Incubation Experiment
Determine the sorption of a mixture of 7compounds into a soil amended withbiochar and NUA.
21d batch sorption experiments.
3 soil:solution ratio(g:mL): 1:1, 1:5 and 1:50.
1 amendment:soil ratio: 1%.
Ibuprofen, carbamazepine, ofloxacin,trimethorpim, ketoprofen, propranolol, andsulfamethoxazole
VI. Post-treatment of WWTP’s
water
Incubation Experiment
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