Treadle Pump Installation and Maintenance

Manual

Developed for USAID/Nepal's

Education For Income Generation Program (EIG)

February 2009

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PART: ONE

Materials and Tools Required for Pump Installation

1. Introduction Treadle pump is a simple, cheaper and effective device for water uplifting. In this technology water is lifting by alternate up and down movements of the legs on the bamboo treadle. This device is recommended especially to uplift the water from only 20 ft underground surface for irrigation. Although there are 2 or 3 types of treadle pump on the basis of cylinder and paddle, yet cylinder of 3.5 inch in diameter with bamboo paddle has been frequently used.

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Treadle pump is easy for use and can uplift more water comparatively to hand pump. It is cheaper than hand pump. One pump can irrigate 36450 Sq. ft. lands but it depends on soil and land structure. This technology is used more than one and half million people of different countries including Nepal, Bangladesh, India and Cambodia. More than thirty thousand people has used treadle pump in Nepal. It turns to be very useful device as a means of income generating to small farmers of Terai areas of Nepal. IDE (International Development Enterprises) Nepal is a pioneer and leading organization involved in sustainable institutional development and information dissemination including promotion of treadle pump since its inception. 2. Required Materials While pump fitting, some materials should be brought from market especially from hardware shop and some can be collected from home/neighbors. The detail information is given below: 2.1 Materials from Market: A. Pipe

Nowadays, variously plastic pipe has been used than ironic G. I. Pipe in tube well. Plastic pipe is cheaper, light (not heavy), and rust free so it is more useful than others. Somewhere people use the traditional technology in which bamboo is used by making a whole in it instead of pipe. It is cheaper in compare to other pipe but not durable. It is very difficult to join two bamboos so it impossible to use bamboo in the deep boring. In plastic pipe especially 1.5 inch round hard PVC has been used or HDPE pipes available in a coil are used. There is no more difference in them in terms of their rate and quality.

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The length of pipe depends on depth of boring which the local technician can have the knowledge and easily estimate. It has been found in northern side of east-west highway most of the plain areas have approximately 30-40 ft deep boring.

B. Nipple To strengthen the pump fitting and to fit pump head by making it tall as per the interest, G. I. Pipe is used

in upper part of tube well and this small piece of G. I. Pipe generally called nipple.

C. Filter On the basis of used pipe, filter has following three types.

• P. V. C. Readymade Filter: This filter is fabricated in the factory by making the small cracks in the ordinary P. V. C pipe.

• H. D. P. Pipe Filter: (net, spread and pins) Around half inch iron rod is heated and hammered into several loops or eyes in pipe with one inch distance among them covering the space used by filter. Then holes are wrapped with filter net and tightened by nylon spread to stand net. Locking pins are used so net would not lose.

Bamboo Filter: By making around half inch holes covering the space used by filter, the bamboo holes are wrapped by filter net and tightened with spread. In order to fit types and depth of the layer filter is used usually from 4-8 ft

• .

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D. Pump Head Set The following components are used in pumphead set:

• Pump Head • Plunger Set • Check Valve Set • Axle Rod

Pump Head: In one side the pump consists of two cylindrical barrels with an internal diameter of 3.5 inches and in other side one socket or nipple with diameter of 1.5 inches. Cylinders have 14 inches length and fabricated by welding metal sheet.

Plunger Set: The plunger set is an assembly of components that moves up and down inside the barrel to create the suction force that pulls water up from the bore. It is attached to the bamboo pedal, which is moved by the operator. It has following parts:

• 15 inches long metal rod with 12mm (plunger rod) • 3 inches long metal rod with 12 mm (plunger pin) • 2 pieces of round metal plate (upper and lower disc) • A piece of pipe place in-between two plates (bush) • A soft PVC washer placed in-between two plates

Each cylinder requires one plunger set. So total two sets are requires.

Check Valve Set: Check valve is a device installed at the bottom of the cylinder and having the quality of opening and closing automatically while using the pump.

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Materials Required to Make One Set Check Valve:

• One set (kit) cast iron weight • One set of rubber flap • Three sets of rust free nut bolt • Three sets of iron round washer • Three sets of rubber washer • One set of four corner iron square washer

Axle Rod: 14 inches long iron rod with 12 mm size used for attaching the bamboo poles and peddles.

E. Other Materials

• One roll of thread tape for attaching pump head with GI nipple pipe.

• One roll of wiring tape for attaching GI nipple pipe to HDP pipe.

Or • 100 ml solvent cement for attaching PVC pipe.

2.2 Local Materials

The following materials are required for pump installation whichis available at local premises. A. Bamboo or Wood for Making Superstructure 20 to 30 ft long straight bamboos (If bamboo is not available we can use four set of wooden pieces with 6 ft long.)

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B. Bamboo or Wooden Piece for Boring For boring we need approximately 10ft long bamboo and 5ft long strong wooden or bamboo set. If technician (Mistri) comes with extra pipe, we don't need this.

C. Pebbles/Gravel (Two full tins of gravels with the size of maize and ground nuts) Two tins of gravels are poured onto the surroundings of filter so that water would smoothly go to filter from the layer.

D. Jam Flakes and Bamboo Pins GI pipe nipple is placed in the hole of wooden flak and flak is covered by the soil so that pump can't be shaking while using pump. Usually it is used to make pump upward and straight. This is also called clamp.

E. Fresh Animal Dung While boring there may have several obstructions like dry sand layer and mouse hole which may cause big loss of water and soil sliding in the boring whole. So to stop these obstructions animal dung is used in water. One boring requires approximately one bamboo bucket (10-15kg) dung.

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F. Rope or Tube Rope or tube is used to tie the boring pipe and bamboos.Usually it requires Jute and Nylon rope.

G. Brick or Wooden Piece It is used to prevent the superstructure pole embedding in underground more than requires. It is placed at the bottom of the pole.

3. Required Tools The skilled worker comes with some of the tools requires for boring whereas house owner provides some of the tools. The description is given below. 3.1 Description of the Tools Belongs to Technician (Mistri):

1.5 inch dia GI pipe having length 5ft, 10 ft and 20 ft. Along with 1.5 inch sockets.

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Summary of Part One

1. Treadle Pump is very useful technology to small farmers for irrigation.

2. Out of the total components for treadle pump installation, some

of the components can be used from the local premises and rest of the components can be purchased from market (hardware shop). Bamboo, Flak, Rope, Stone, etc. are available at local areas and pump head, pipe, filter etc need to be purchased from the market.

3. As far as the components required for treadle pump is concerned,

most of the components are provided by Mistri whereas Khanti (Iron rod with sharp edge), Spade, Bucket etc need to be collected from home.

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Part Two

Installation

4. Situations of Pump Installation..………………..………………………….10

5. Site selection for Pump Installation..…………….…………………………12

6. The Method of Boring……………………….………………………….......12

6.1 Manual (Dhikuli) Boring ……………….………………………………...12

6.2 Hammer Boring………………………….………………………………….16

7 Method of Treadle Pump Installation by Preparing Treadle Materials……...…17

7.1 Making Materials of Treadles (Superstructure) ………...………………….17

7.2 Fitting Jam Flak (Clamp)………………………………...…………………19

7.3 Fitting Pump Head………………………………………….………………19

7.4 Fitting Treadle Frame…………………………………...…..………………20

8 Developing Tube well (Cleaning the Layer)…...……..………………………...21

9 Pump Examination…………………………………………………...…….……21

10 Some Important Notes Installing the Pump Successfully………………………22

11 The Main Causes of Failure of Pump Installing………………………………..22

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Part Two Pump Installation

4. The Situation of Pump Installation

The treadle pump can be installed in the following situations.

a) New Boring: Manual (Dhekuli ) Boring b) New Boring: Hammer Boring c) Old or new Digging Well d) Old Boring: Old hand Pump Boring

What type of boring is perfect/suitable to the place depends upon the nature of the ground soil and stones, structure of the layers and water surface. Manual (Dhekuli) boring is likely to easy and cheap in the clayey soil with very few stones and boulders. Most of the Terai areas of Nepal have used that type of boring. The detail information of manual boring has been given in the sub-topic of 6.1. The hammer boring is used in the places having the underground soil with stones and hard rocks because manual boring is impossible in that type of soil. Especially in Banke, Bardia of western Terai, Inner Madhesh, and Northern belt of Terai, can be found these situations. Two types of hammer boring are prevalent. The detail information is given in 6.2. For easy lifting of water treadle pump can be installed in the already existed well also. Similarly, pump can be used in new well too. In the following situations boring would not get success and should dig the well.

a) If appropriate layer is not found in certain depth or only soil and sand is found. b) If adequate layer is not found. c) If stones and hard soil is found in underground during boring.

The following things should be considered before installing the pump in well.

a) Water surface should not be deeper than the lifting capacity of the pump. b) After lifting the water it should not take more time to revive the well.

To fulfill the need of more water or to make it easy to use there is a trend to change the hand pump into treadle pump by replacing the hand pump head with treadle pump head. This situation can be found especially in the hand pump which has been used for irrigation.

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5. Site Selection for Pump Installation

The following things should be considered during site selection to install treadle pump. a) The place should be higher than the land for irrigation so that the water can be

equally distributed to all parts. b) The place should be in the centre as far as possible so that small canal is in equal

distance. c) The place should be selected in the surroundings or near to the successful boring

in case of suspected area. d) The place should not be very near to another existed pump so, no competition in

the pumps. e) The place should be familiar or in feasible area.

6. The Method of Boring As per the hydrological situation two types of boring (Manual and Hammer) are prevalent in Nepal. These are describes below. 6.1 Manual (Dhekuli) Boring This boring is also called hand boring, pressure boring, vacuum boring or sludge boring. This boring is widely used in the Terai area of Nepal as it is more easy, short time-taking and with low investment. It is regarded as an appropriate boring to the place having with clayey soil with very few stones and boulders. Manual boring requires three trained technicians including one main technician and two assistant to install. When assistant uses the bamboo the drilling pipe attaching with this bamboo alternatively goes to the underground and comes out. Thus the pipe makes a hole by cutting the soil and when water is poured into this whole the soil becomes muddy and by creating a vacuum in the pipe. Technician takes it out from the hole. Similarly muddy liquid soil comes out from the hole and again poured onto it repeatedly until the appropriate layer isn't found.

When the appropriate layer is found the muddy water is managed to be poured outside from the hole. We can decide through this muddy soil whether appropriate layer is found or not. Likewise the technician easily knows the findings of layer through the water used in it and easiness while creating vacuum. After finding the layer the hole is cleaned and the drilling pipe is replaced by tube well pipe and filter. The tube well pipe has to be cleaned through pouring

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water after burying it in the hole. Then gravel is poured around the pipe. The pipe is connected to the pump head by entering the clamp (Jam Flak) in it. Then the pipe is operated until the clean water doesn't come outside. So, through this method the boring is done usually up to 150 ft depth. But it becomes very difficult in more than 80 and 90 ft depth. The detailed process of boring is described below stepwise.

a) Making a Ditch As shown in the picture a ditch, having the length of 2/3ft, 2/3 wide and 1ft deep, have to be dug by selecting the appropriate site. A ditch should be 1ft far from drilling hole. b) Making Bamboo Stick By collecting the required components a treadle has to be made for vacuum. For this, a pole has to be

standing nearly 3ft far from the drill hole. A half circle seat is made on the top of the pole for placing the bamboo. A drilling pipe is tightened to the one corner of bamboo stick. c) Drilling a Hole For drilling we need fresh animal dung and water. By pouring water in a ditch we start to vacuum. After digging 8/10ft we have to mix the animal dung along with water in a ditch. For the convenience of technician(Mistri), we need different size of pipe cut to the 5ft, 10ft and 20ft used as per the drilling progress. The following process can be adopted.

• We start with 5ft long pipe at first • After making 5ft deep hole we

replace the 5ft long pipe with 10ft long pipe.

• When the ditch goes more down we should connect the previous 5ft pipe to this 10ft pipe with socket.

• When ditch goes down more than 15ft we replace all pipes with 20ft long pipe. • For making ditch much deeper we can do similarly.

So, while boring we can know the levels of the layers by seeing the muddy soil and we can find out the layers. When we get the layer we feel easy and fast to vacuum. This is

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also an indicator to the finding of layer. After getting the layer we increase the quantity of animal dung to pour in a ditch so that hole wouldn't get sliding. d) Cleaning Boring Hole After reaching certain depth the hole should be cleaned. For cleaning, the pipe is taken up to one foot from the bottom of hole so that pipe couldn't clash with the ground. And then vacuum starts with clean water. All dirt and muddy soil has been cleaned and poured clean water. At that time the muddy and dirty soil is stopped to fall on the boring again. Water is not re-circulated here so requires more water. It's going on until the clean water comes from the boring.

e) Placing the Tube well Pipe and Filter in a Hole

The length of the filter is developed by seeing the width and depth of the layer and filter is made on that basis.

PVC pipe and filter are placed in a hole separately and joined with solvent cement. As HDP pipe is concerned, the length and all the adjustment of filter, pipe and nipple is managed outside and placed in hole.

After cleaning the hole the pipe should remained in there for 10/15 minutes otherwise soil can slide within inside.

f) Cleaning the Tube well Pipe and Filter Clean water is poured in the tube well pipe. The water comes to the ditch through the net. This water should be removed from the ditch. This action should be is continued until the clean water

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comes through the pipe. We can also clean the pipe through connecting pump head by

pushing upward the check valve and pouring the water into the cylinder spout. Sometimes water doesn't come to the ditch smoothly. At that time we should lightly push the whole pipe upward and hits the GI Nipple through hammer.

g) Packing the Gravel (Pebbles) Sometimes there may have the chances of soil sliding while boring which causes the difficulty to pull water from the pump because soil covers the surroundings of the filter and finally functioning of tube well could be failed. So, to prevent this potential obstruction the surrounding area of the tube well should be graveled. This action is called gravel packing.

The method of gravel packing is described below: Approximately 5 to 6 mm gravel, similar to the size of maize seed, should be prepared. We should filter it through the net if required. Around two tins (look at the picture) ready made gravel is needed. We should clean the filtered gravel through water. Then by closing the mouth of the nipple pipe we should pour the gravel around the pipe in a ditch. We should shake the pipe time to time to ensure that the gravel is properly placed. Usually after finishing this work the mouth of nipple pipe temporarily closed until the pump head is not fitted. This stops dirt to enter into the pipe.

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6.2 Hammer Boring If large gravel, stones and boulders is to be found in the underground surface, it is almost impossible to boring through manual (Dhekuli) method. In this condition hammer boring is used. In the hammer boring, medium or heavy ranking GI Pipe is taken and made pipe filter covering the space of 6ft through making small holes by the drill. Then this filter is connected to the GI pipe with socket and placed in the boring hole. After putting this pipe in the hole we should tighten it with rope to stop the movement, poured the soil in a ditch and hits by a hammer. When the pipe goes to the required depth the bent part of the pipe should be cut throw out. Then pump head is connected there by making thread through dye/socket. Hammer boring usually turns be more expensive and difficult because we have to use the GI pipe. In comparative to other boring types hammer boring is less likely to get success. While hammering on the pipe there have the maximum chances of breaking and bending of it. According to the situation, out of three types one type is generally used which is described below. a) Using Both Manual and Hammer Boring This type is used generally in a place where we found soft soil and sand at the upper part of the underground but hard soil (rock) structure in the lower part. In this situation, we should drill the soft part at first by manual boring. And when rock/stone is found we start to hammer boring by placing the pipe in the same hole. b) Hammer Boring by Digging a Ditch We use this type of boring and install the pump if the depth of the layer is too much and hard rock/soil is start to be found at the top of the ground. We take approximately 5 square ft area and make from 6ft to 20ft deep ditch as per the requirements. Thus after making a ditch the hammering method is used to place a pipe as mentioned above in rest of the part.

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c) Whole Hammer Boring When the hard soil/rock is found at first and layer is not so deep then we use hammer boring from the beginning. 7. Method of Treadle Pump Installation by Preparing Materials After finishing the act of boring successfully we make the treadle frame components and connect to pump head. The chronological method of making bamboo/wooden treadle frame and installing the treadle pump is described in the following points. 7.1 Making Materials of Treadle (Superstructure) a) Making Several Part by Cutting Bamboo We made the treadle frame (structure) by cutting two sturdy bamboos. We should cut six feet long piece in each bamboo by measuring from root (bottom) to top (peak) and made one into two pieces to make two paddles. Rest of the seven feet long bamboo is used to make two poles. But bamboo pole has to be a cut in 3.5ft equal distance in each. Rest part of the top side of bamboo should be used to make handle, pulley, guide and stopper. We always should be careful that when cutting the bamboo the cut is on the thicker side.

b) Making Paddles As mentioned above we should cut six feet long piece in each bamboo by measuring from root (bottom) to top (peak) and made one into two pieces to make two paddles. The holes should be made in three places as shown in the picture.

• Hole for Plunger Pin (1): We make a hole across from one corner taking 3ft long distance and 0.5 inch diameter.

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• Hole for Plunger Rod (2): We should make a hole just below the hole (1) having one inch length and 0.5 inch width. This hole should be made not across both side but in one side (half) only as shown in the right side picture.

• Hole for Axle Rod (3): We should make a hole across taking 2ft distance as shown in the picture or one feet distance from plunger pin hole having 0.5 inch diameter.

Note: We should place the thicker side of bamboo to the pump side and thinner side of the bamboo to the paddle side. c) Making Poles We make a hole with 0.5 inch diameter in the 7ft long bamboos which has been separated for making paddles. The hole should be in the center very near with bamboo's eye. This

hole is made to place axle rod. d) Handle, Pulley, Guide and Stopper The remained part of bamboos (mentioned above) is used for making these components. Picture and approximate measurements are given below;

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e) Making a Ditch for Poles We dig a ditch for pole nearly one foot back from boring pipe. To confirm the length between two ditches, we should see the thickness of bamboos and distance should be 8 to 9 inch. If the pole has with 3 inch in diameter, then place for ditch should be nearly 14 inch far.

The depth of ditch is finalized in this way. The height distance between pump head and axle rod should be 4 to 5 inch. This refers to the measurement after placing bricks or flak at the bottom of a ditch.

7.2 Fitting Jam Flak (Clamp) Jam Flak is placed in nipple pipe before fitting pump head. The small bamboo and wooden pins are placed from inside of the hole so that jam flak couldn't move/shake as shown in the picture. 7.3 Fitting Pump Head We should remove the temporary lid of nipple pipe and wrap the white thread tape on it. In this thread the socket which is placed at the bottom of treadle pump should be connected and tightened with pipe wrench.

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7.4 Fitting Treadle Frame

a) Connecting Plunger to Paddle The eye of plunger rod should be placed in the square hole of bamboos. At the same time we place plunger pin to the round whole that goes little bit out through bamboo eye. In the small hole of this outer part of plunger pin, we should place cut pin to stop from loosening. While placing plunger pin, the head of the pin should be headed in between of two paddles. Same thing is done to other paddle.

b) Connecting Axle Rod

• Paddle should be managed as both plunger set should remained in-between of cylinders.

• Axle rod is placed in one pole after that this rod should be placed in paddle's hole.

• Then bamboo pulley is wrapped in axle rod and again placed in the hole of second pole throughout another paddle.

• Cut pin is joined to the small corner hole of rod.

• Pole and ditch should be managed to place Axle rod vertically.

• When washer of plunger set is placed in the centre of cylinder and axle rod is placed properly, we should cover the ditch and make strong. But pole should not shake.

Note: After cleaning the net we should not waste any more time to connect pump head and treadle frame otherwise net could be jammed by small dust.

c) Joining Handle, Guide and Stopper A check bar is fixed horizontally between the two poles on which the operator places his hands during use. There is a vertical piece of bamboo that acts as a pedal guide between the pedals at their free end that prevents the pedals from clashing with each other. Some users placed a small bamboo, stone or wood below the end of the pedals, which prevents the pedals from

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dropping below a specific height. This helps prevent the pedals from repeatedly hitting the pump body causing damage.

8. Developing Tube Well (Cleaning the Layer)

The process of removing the tiny sand and soil across the filter is called developing the tube well. Although there are lots of techniques for this yet the most practical one is to run the pump. The details are described below;

a) Pouring the clean water by lifting a little to the check valve.

b) Start to run the pump. At first clean water comes poured sometime before but after sometime muddy water comes with tiny sand and soil.

c) The clean water gradually starts to come while using the pump. In this way we have to run the pump until the clean water comes. Approximately up to 1-6 hours the pump should be run to bring the clean water but it depends on the quality of the layer.

Note: Developing the tube well is very important so we should be very careful. There may emerge some difficulties at last such as difficulty to run the pump, less water production, producing muddy water etc.

9. Pump Examination

After finishing the installing process of treadle pump, we examine it in two steps;

a) Immediately After Pump Installing

• Poles shouldn't be shaking while running the pump.

• Barrels/cylinders should be stable, shouldn't move upwards and downwards at operating time.

• Plunger rod should be in the centre of the two cylinders. (Shouldn't run with diversion).

• There shouldn't have bubble air with water in cylinder. • Treadle frame and all parts (Cut pin, guide etc.) of the pump should connected to

each others.

b) After Developing the Tube well

• Above mentioned all points- in 'a'. • The water comes from the pump should be clean.

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• Difficulty shouldn't be there while running the pump. • Pump should have the capacity to produce water at least 9 liters within 15

seconds.

10. Some Important Notes for Installing the Pump Successfully

An experienced, professional and trained technician should be selected if possible to install the pump.

By considering the layer around 6 ft long filter should be installed. Layer should have at least 10 widths (cutting vertical depth).

After cleaning the whole for tube well we shouldn't delayed to place the pipe and filter in that hole.

Similarly after cleaning the filter net, treadle frame and pump head should be attached without any delay.

Jam Falk (Clamp) should be put compulsorily. Brick or wooden piece should be put at the bottom of the ditch for poles. Developing a tube well is compulsory. The attention should be on the quality of the equipments/components. The blank air shouldn't be entered and the connected place (junction) of pipe,

filter and pump head should be strong.

11. The Main Causes of Failure of Pump Installing

a) During Boring

If not found the expected layer If large stones, rock and more gravel found in the ground while doing Dhekuli

boring If sliding the soil in the whole during the time of boring

b) During Daily Use

If the water level goes down than the lifting capacity of the pump (especially in summer time).

If air entered from the joints. If low quality and very thin pipe used that is bending. If unable to maintain the balance of the layer and filter. If rat cut the pipe.

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Summary of Part Two

1. There may have several conditions of installing the treadle pump. The manual or hand boring is the most important and easy one.

2. When selecting the place for installing the treadle pump the higher and center place should be selected.

3. By considering the land structure manual boring in the place with sand and soft soil and hammer boring in the place of rock and hard stones is used.

4. While boring pump head and wooden and bamboo treadle frame is connected after placing the pipe in a hole. The special attention should be given in cutting bamboos and digging a ditch while installing the treadle frame.

5. For developing the tube well, pump should be run for long time after installing the treadle pump.

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Part Three Repair and Maintenance of Pump

12 Regular Maintenance Activities…………………………………....25 13 Possibility of Problems in the Treadle Pump and it’s Solutions …...27

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Part Three Repair and Maintenance

12) Regular Maintenance Activities In this part the following activities are given. a) Change/Replace the Treadle Frame Usually the treadle pump is installed in open place. The bamboos equipments turn to be very weak and useless because of the sun and water. So the whole frame should be replaced with new frame within 1-2yrs. difference. The installing process of new frame has been already mentioned above. b) Changing Washer The washer is gradually damaging while using the pump and need to be changed in any time. Normally washer has to be changed from 1-2 times in a year. Out of two washers one has to be changed in a time due to different reasons. The washers can be changed in the following ways.

Take the plunger set out from treadle frame. We can take the washer out from the top of the plunger rod. It is heated either

placing in the hot water or fire for some time so that it makes soft and easy to take it out.

Similarly the new washer can be put by heating. By balancing in the two discs it is placed.

If the washer is soft or the weather is hot then the washer can be changed without heating and with the help of nut bolts.

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c) Changing Check Valve Like Washer, Check Valve has to be changed 1-2 times within a year. The following tools and materials are required to change one pump or two set of check valve.

Check valve is changed as per the following orders. Take old Check Valve Out: By entering the screwdriver in the cylinder, bolt has to be pressed. At the same time the nut has to be opened with the help of wrench at the bottom of the cylinder. Similarly both nuts should be opened (each cylinder have two nut bolts headed to the outside at the bottom). Now the whole check valve set is to be taken out from the cylinder.

• The nut bolt in the weight also should be taken out. • Old weight is joined with the new check valve and nut bolt should be tightened. • By placing the new check valve set in the cylinder nut bolt should be tightened.

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d) Protection of Cylinder from Rusting All parts of the pump head is made of iron. If we don't use it for long time it may be damaged by rust so it should be taken out in the rainy season and should be kept by washing kerosene, Mobil, or grease for its long life. We can use oil by not taking it out but it should be covered with plastic to save from water.

e) Looking at the Inner Part of Cylinder before Running the Pump Sometime there may be gravel, pieces of wood and dust inside the cylinder. So before operating the pump look inside the cylinder and clean the foreign materials. 13) Possibility of Problems in Treadle Pump and It’s solution If we use the treadle pump properly and provide regular protection, the problems usually don't appear. However, by using for long time it may have various problems. The problems and techniques of preventing them are given in the table below. S.N. Problems Potential Reasons Solving Techniques 1. Producing Less

Water and air bubbles are seen in the water

• If air enters from the pipe and joints.

• If tiny sand pasted in the filter

• If water level goes much down

• If length of the filter is less • If the upper part of the filter

• The joints and sockets should be tightened

• By selecting right place boring should be done again carefully

• New washer should

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doesn't placed in the layer • If filter have more tiny sand • If washer is damaged or

useless • If hole is made at the bottom

of pump head by rust

be changed • Maintenance should

be done in the pump head

2. Difficulty in pump running/using

• If treadle frame is not properly made or installed

• If water have more tiny sand • If tiny sand pasted in the

filter • If water level goes much

down • If large size washer used • If cylinder's inner diameter is

small

• Treadle frame should be made or installed properly

• By selecting right place boring should be done again carefully

• Proper size washer should be used. Washer should be made small size by placing in the cylinder

• Dealers should be contacted

3. Water comes with sand

• If tube well was not developed properly

• If gravel was not packed properly around the pump

• If net was placed in tiny sand

• Boring should be done again carefully

• Gravel pack should be done compulsorily. After installing finished tube well should be developed for long time

• Net should be placed in more concrete sand.

4. Pump not producing any water

• If the water level is more down than uplifting capacity of the pump

• If Check Valve is damaged • If washer becomes much

loose

• By measuring the water depth pump head should be installed again. The lifting capacity of the pump should be maximum 25 ft.

• New Check Valve should be placed

• New washer should be placed

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5. Difficulty in moving paddles downwards

• If washer is misplacing and losing pump's weight

• If guide bamboo is more thick and eye was not peeled properly

• If large size of washer is used

• Thick Paddle bamboo (3 inch diameter) should be used. The front of the paddle should be weighted by attaching clothes full of sand. Likewise brick can also be used in that place to increase the weight of front of the paddle.

• Guide bamboo shouldn't be thick and eye should be peeled properly.

• Proper size of washer should be used

6. Difficulty in moving paddles upwards

• If large size of washer is used

• If bamboo/wooden paddle is much heavy

• Proper size of washer should be used

• Proper/right size bamboo/wooden should be used

7. Clashing paddle with head repeatedly while running or feeling the imbalance

• If pole continuously goes downwards

• If buried part/corner of pole turns to be peak/sharpen

• Brick or wood should be placed at ditch

• Pole should not be more sharpened.

Finally we would like to request you all to pay attention to some of the most important points mentioned below.

1) The potentiality of the place should be finalized on the basis of layer of the underground water.

2) Pump should be installed properly and with enough care by trained technician.

3) The maintenance of the pump should get special attention and one extra set of maintenance equipments should be kept if possible.

4) The trained technician should be consulted if big problem is seen.

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Summary of Part Three

1. The following three things are used mostly to replace in the treadle pump.

• Treadle Frame……………………………….1/2 yrs difference • Washer……………………………………….1/2 times in a years • Check Valves, Nut, Bolts…………………… 1/2 times in a years

2. For long life of the pump it should be kept in a safe place by using Mobil or Oil in the rainy season when the pump isn't used.

3. Usually the problems don't appear if the pump has been installed properly.

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The Method of Treadle Pump Installation by Manual (Dhikuli) Boring

1) Manage the required Materials and Equipments

(Purchased and Home Materials)

2) Select the Appropriate Place

(high, centre and accessible place)

3) Dig a ditch and made/develop Treadle

4) Start Drilling from 5ft pipe. After making 5ft deep hole we replace the 5ft long pipe with 10ft long pipe. When the ditch goes more down we should connect the previous 5ft pipe to this 10ft pipe with socket. When ditch goes down more than 15ft we replace all pipes with 20ft long pipe. For making ditch much deeper we can do similarly.

5) Clean the hole of the boring with clean water 6) Place Tube well pipe and filter in hole 7) Clean the tube well pipe and filter with clean water 8) Gravel should be packed around the filter 9) Materials of Treadle frame (paddles, poles etc.) should be cut in right measurement 10) Connect Jam Flak (Clamp) 11) Install Pump Head 12) Attach all the components made for treadle frame 13) Develop the tube well by running pump for long time (cleaning the layer)

14) Test the pump