Traumato unguéale 2015-2016
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Transcript of Traumato unguéale 2015-2016
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F‟jppjrhof udeuïjf Jdjtbioh - [mysobfbeoh
[rosh hd amjreh nhs trjuijtosihs
Nr Q.Ajriís
Ahdtrh nh fj ijod
Afodoquh nhs Hjux Afjorhs
\JA Ibunbde Qun - @joh Ijmjuft
Eujnhfbuph
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F‟jppjrhof udeuïjf
Jppjrhof jdjtbioquh prbprh
Jdjtbioh, pmysobfbeoh ht pmysobpjtmbfbeohnoggïrhdths ht odnïphdnjdths nu rhsth nu
nboet
F‟bdefh hst ud provofíeh prbprh jux mbiihsht jux proijths supïrohurs
Of trjnuot f‟jnjptjtobd ë nhs ehsths prïaosht nïfoajts
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F‟jppjrhof udeuïjf
Jppjrhof jdjtbioquh prbprh
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Hstmïtoquhs ht utofhs
Pþfh n‟ïamjdehur tmhrioquh [rbtíeh f‟hxtrïiotï nbrsjfh nu nboet
Qhrt ë sh erjtthr ht ë sh nïghdnrh
Qurtbut< of jueihdth fj shdso`ofotï pufpjorh
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[jrtoaufjrotïs jdjtbioquhsht gbdatobddhffhs
Qhuf ïfïihdt roeonh ju-nhfë nh fj pmjfjdeh nostjfhphriht nh stj`ofoshr fj pufph nostjfh
! Abdtrþfh fj nïgbrij`ofotï pufpjorh
Fj tj`fhtth j ud hgght nh abdtrh-prhssobd quophriht n‟jueihdthr fj shdso`ofotï pufpjorh.
! [jrtoaoph ë fj prïaosobd nhs ehsths
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Jdjtbioh nh f‟jppjrhof udeuïjf
F‟jppjrhof udeuïjf a‟hst<
- Xd suppbrt bstïb-foejihdtjorh
- Nhs tossus spïaoquhs 9 fh pïrobdyamoui
- Xdh tj`fhtth quo rhabuvrh f‟hdshi`fh
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Fh suppbrt bstïb-foejihdtjorh
Fj pmjfjdeh nostjfh - @jsh jrtoaufjorh
- Nojpmysh jffbdeïh - [bodth jpfjtoh hd « ghr ë amhvjf ³
Fhs foejihdts
Njds fh pfjd fbdeotunodjf<
- Foejihdt odthr-bsshuxfjtïrjf nh Gfodt
- Foejihdt mypbdyamojf
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Njds fh pfjd trjdsvhrsjf
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Fhs struaturhs foejihdtjorhs
Gbrihdt ud vïrotj`fh dőun `rhux prbxoijf
Nbdt fhs `rhs prbvohddhdt nhs hxpjdsobds nhsthdnbds hxthdshur, ffïamosshur ht nhs foejihdtsabffjtïrjux
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Fj tj`fhtth
Hst prbnuoth pjr fj ijtroah udeuïjfh hxafusovhihdt +++
Abdefbiïrjt nh ahffufhs abrdïhs nospbsïhs hd strjths
• Qtruaturh cïrjtodoquh pjrtohffhihdt trjdsfuaonh • Qurgjah fossh ht `roffjdth • Gjah prbgbdnh stroïh nh rjodurhs fbdeotunodjfhs quo
abdtro`uhdt ë f‟jijrrhr ju fot udeuïjf sbus-ljahdt
• Fj foioth nostjfh nh ahtth zbdh n‟jnmïrhdah hstf‟mypbdyamoui
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Hffh j udh gbrih ̀ o-abdajvh njds fhs shds fbdeotunodjf httrjdsvhrsjf! ïpbush fh nbs nu nboet
Abipbsïh nh 1 abuamhs nostodaths
F‟hdshi`fh ihsurh ;,8 ii n‟ïpjosshurht hst abipbsïh nh 0;% n‟hju
Qtruaturh trís sbupfh ! sbuvhdt odtjathfbrs nh trjuijtosihs jfbrs quh fhs struaturhs
sbus-ljahdths phuvhdt ìtrh fïsïhs
Qj gbrih nïphdn nhs struaturhs sbus-ljahdths ht nh f‟odtïerotï nhs rhpfos
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Fh pïrobdyamoui hst abipbsï nh 1struaturhs sotuïhs njds ud iìih pfjd
Fj ijtroah
Fh fot nh f‟bdefh
F‟mypbdyamoui
Ijtroah
Ofs s‟jeot nh struaturhs
mjuthihdt spïaojfosïhs
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Fj ijtroah
Xdoquh struaturh ajpj`fh nh prbnuorh nh fj tj`fhtth
• Qotuïh ju-nhssbus nh f‟Hpbdyamoui (bu rhpfo prbxoijf) • Abdtburdh fj `jsh nh f‟bdefh pbur pjrtoaophr ë fj
gbrijtobd nh fj abuamh suphraohffh
• [rbnuot nh f‟bdefh hd jlbutjdt nh dbuvhffhs abuamhsahffufjorhs ë f‟bdefh nïlë gbriï, hd f‟ïpjossossjdt.
• F‟ïpjosshur nh fj tj`fhtth nïphdn nh fj fbdeuhur nh fj
ijtroah
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Fj ijtroah< 0 abuamhs nostodaths
- Quphraohffh
Ju-nhssus nh fj tj`fhtth 9 pjrtoh prbgbdnh nu rhpfo prbxoijf [rbnuot fj pbrtobd nbrsjfh nh fj tj`fhtth ! jsphat `roffjdt
- [rbgbdnh
Ju-nhssbus nh fj tj`fhtthNbdt fj pjrtoh nostjfh hst pjrgbos voso`fh pjr trjdspjrhdah jutrjvhrs nh fj tj`fhtth, a‟hst fj « fudufh ³ Abdstjdth udoquhihdt ju dovhju nu pbuah.
Hffh prbnuot fj pfus erjdnhpjrtoh nh fj tj`fhtth<
sbot fhs 0/1 nh sj pbrtobdprbgbdnh.
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^j`fhtth trís phu jnmïrhdth ë fj ijtroah! Q‟hd nïsbfonjrosh trís gjaofhihdt fbrs nh fj
abdstotutobd nh abffhatobds (Mïijtbihs, pjdjros)
Fudufhs voso`fhs ë amjquh nboet
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Fh fot nh f‟bdefh
Qtruaturh spïaojfosïh rhspbdsj`fh nh f‟jnmïrhdah
nh fj tj`fhtth ht nh sj gbrih
[rïshdth nhs arïdhfurhs fbdeotunodjfhsajrjatïrostoquhs quo rïpbdnhdt hxjathihdt ë
ahffhs quo sbdt sotuïhs ë fj gjah prbgbdnh nh fj tj`fhtth
[hut, hxahptobddhffhihdt, ìtrhrhipfjaïh pjr ud jutrh tossu
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F‟mypbdyamoui
Qotuïh ë f‟hxtrïiotï nostjfh nh f‟jppjrhof udeuïjf
fë bÿ fj tj`fhtth phrn sbd jnmïrhdah
Pþfh nh `jrroírh iïajdoquh
Gbdatobd oiiudbfbeoquh< roamhssh fbajfh hd [D
Qtruaturh trís spïaojfosïh sur fh pfjd mostbfbeoquh
! hd ajs nh phrth bu fïsobd, rosquh n‟jnmïrhdahnbufburhush nh fj tj`fhtth
Mypbdyamoui
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Jnmïrhdah nostjfh
nh fj tj`fhtth
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Fh pjrbdyamoui bu rhpfos udeuïjux
Fh rhpfo prbxoijf
- Hdshrrh fj tj`fhtth ë sj pjrtoh
prbxoijfh, pjrtoaoph ë fuo nbddhr sjgbrih - Hipìamh fj arbossjdah hd
ïpjosshur nh fj tj`fhtth ht f‟b`foeh ë
ioerhr hd nostjfotï.- Ghriï pjr fj autoaufh 9vïrotj`fh lbodt n‟ïtjdamïotï
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Fhs rhpfos fjtïrjux
- Hdshrrhdt fj tj`fhtth- [jrtoaophdt ë fuo nbddhrsj gbrih ht sj norhatobd
Hd ijduauroh fhs rhpfos sbdt rhpbussïs Fïsobds nhs rhpfos amhz ud pjtohdt
bdyambpmjeh
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Fj vjsaufjrosjtobd nh f‟jppjrhof
udeuïjf
Qbus nïphdnjdah nhs `rjdamhs thriodjfhs nhsjrtírhs abffjtïrjfhs pjfijorhs
Xdohs hdtrh hffhs pjr nhs jrajnhs jdjstbibtoquhsnbrsjfhs sotuïhs ju abdtjat nu pfjd bsshux
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Gfodt < 1 jrajnhs jdjstbibtoquhs nbrsjfhs
- Jrajnh prbxoijfh< shrtoh njds fh soffbd prbxoijf
- Jrajnh nostjfh< ë mjuthur nh fj fudufh
Ahs 0 jrajnhs sbdt jfoihdtïhs pjr udh udoquh `r.abffjtïrjfh ossuh nh f‟jrt. abffjt. pjfijorh.
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- Jrajnh suphraohffh< Hd rhejrn nh fj `jsh nh [1
Nbu`fh jppbrt vjsaufjorh ossu nh fj `r. Abffjt.[jfijorh <
* Pjihju ë mjuthur nh [0, arbosh nbrsjfhihdt f‟O[N * Pjihju ju dovhju nh f‟O[N
Ahs rjihjux s‟jdjstbibshdt hd : jrajnh suphraohffh
Quphraojf jrthry
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Phtbur vhodhux ht oddhrvjtobd
- Phtbur vhodhux trís roamh< systíih n‟jrajnhs ë fjpjrtoh prbxoijfh nh f‟jppjrhof udeuïjf - Oddhrvjtobd ïejfhihdt trís roamh< rïshju abipfhxh nhphtots rjihjux ossus nhs dhrgs abffjtïrjux noeotjux
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[mysobfbeoh udeuïjfh
- ̂ j`fhtth prbnuoth pjr fj ijtroah - Arbossjdah dbrijfh< hd ibyhddh ;,1 ii pjr lbur
Abdsïquhdahs afodoquhs<
- 0 ibos pbur quh fj tj`fhtth sbrth nu rhpfo prbxoijf - 7 ibos pbur b`thdor udh tj`fhtth abipfíth- :hr bdefh tbulburs orrïeufohr, ibods `roffjdt
! Pïsuftjts ë jpprïaohr ë : jd.
^rís phu abdduh, ah quh f‟bd sjot<
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Fj arbossjdah udeuïjfh
Gjathurs nh arbossjdah rjponh
• Qur fhs nboets fbdes
• Jprís udh jvufsobdudeuïjfh
• Nurjdt fj erbsshssh
• Amhz fhs bdyambpmjehs
• Njds fhs pjys amjuns
Gjathurs nh arbossjdah fhdth
• Jprís 0; jds • Nurjdt fj duot • Amhz fhs pjtohdts
oiib`ofosïs, nïdutros • Ju nïaburs n‟udh
odghatobd
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Ju nïaburs n‟ud trjuijtosih
Fj prbnuatobd udeuïjfh s‟jrrìth nurjdt 0: lburs
" fj pjrtoh prbxoijfh nh fj tj`fhtth s‟ïpjossot
[uos fj arbossjdah s‟jaaïfírh nurjdt 8; lburs
" fj tj`fhtth s‟jiodaot
[uos fj arbossjdah rjfhdtot ë dbuvhju nurjdt 1;lburs
r̂juijtosih udeuïjf ! trbu`fhs nh arbossjdahnurjdt :;; lburs, sbot hdvorbd 1 ibos.
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Foedh nh @hju Ioarb-trjuijtosihs
otïrjtogs bu rhgbufhihdt
ijdojquh nh fj autoaufh 2
Phpbussh nh tj`fhtth junïaburs n‟udh jvufsobd
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Oijehroh hd trjuijtbfbeoh udeuïjfh
Px sbuvhdt dïefoeïhs ^rjuijtosihs trbp sbuvhdt jggu`fïs
nu qujfoajtog «`b`bfbeoh³
Afjssoquhs
grjaturhs
Cysth ïponhribânh
^uihur nhs pjrtohs ibffhs<
ajfaoajtobd nhs tossus ibus njds ud abdthxth
n‟myphrpjrjtmyrbânoh shabdnjorh
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- Pjnoberjpmohs stjdnjrns
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Hponïiobfbeoh hd trjuijtb nh f‟bdefh
r̂juijtosihs udeuïjux grïquhdts- Phprïshdthdt hdvorbd =% nhs urehdahs nh fj ijod
- Fïsobds fh pfus sbuvhdt `ïdoedhs - Xdh prosh hd amjreh odotojfh odjnjptïh ! sïquhffhs
hstmïtoquhs ht gbdatobddhffhs pjrgbos trís odvjfonjdths
[hu n‟ïtunhs ïponïiobfbeoquhs, 0 pu`foajtobds 4 :8 jds njds fh « Mjdn Afodoas ³
N‟jprís udh ïtunh abdahrdjdt :=5 nbssohrs, ïamhfbddïh sur 0 jds (0;;=-0;:;)3 Q.Ajriís - AMX GNG
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- Qhx rjtob< 1/> n‟mbiihs lhudhs (`roabfjeh, J^) - Jeh ibyhd mbiihs 9 1=,>8 jds, ghiihs 9 >7,:> jds
- Fïsobd nu aþtï dbd nbiodjdt njds 78% nhs ajs
- [rïnbiodjdah nh f‟jtthodth nu pbuah (1;%) - Jtthodth nu Ijlhur njds 01% nhs ajs
- Njds 8% nhs ajs< pfusohurs nboets jtthodts, njds ah
ajs tbulburs fh OOO
N‟jprís udh ïtunh abdahrdjdt :=5 nbssohrs, ïamhfbddïh sur 0 jds (0;;=-0;:;)3 Q.Ajriís - AMX GNG
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Fïsobds jssbaoïhs
- [fjoh nh fj pufph< 05%
- Grjaturh nh mbupph< :8%
- [fjoh nh fj pufph + grjaturh< 07%
- Jutrh fïsobd n‟ud nboet bu nh fj ijod< :0%
Ju ibods : fïsobd jssbaoïh njds 5;% nhs ajs Qur fh iìih nboet njds 5;% nhs ajs
N‟jprís udh ïtunh abdahrdjdt :=5 nbssohrs, ïamhfbddïh sur 0 jds (0;;=-0;:;)3 Q.Ajriís - AMX GNG
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N‟jprís udh ïtunh abdahrdjdt :=5 nbssohrs, ïamhfbddïh sur 0 jds (0;;=-0;:;)3 Q.Ajriís - AMX GNG
- Iïajdosih prïnbiodjdt 9 ïarjshihdt
«
Nboet nh pbrth
³ bu ïquovjfhdt
- J^ njds >>% nhs ajs
- 8;% nhs fïsobds soíehdt njds fj ibotoïnostjfh nh f‟jppjrhof udeuïjf
- Xdh rïpjrjtobd amorureoajfh ju ibodshst dïahssjorh njds 78% nhs ajs
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[rodaophs nh amorureoh pbur fjrïpjrjtobd nh f‟jppjrhof udeuïjf
Amorureoh ji`ufjtborh
@bddh jdhstmïsoh gbdnjihdtjfh ajramorureoh trís nbufburhush
Phabiijdnjtobds jatuhffhs pbur fjamorureoh nh f‟bdefh < `fba odtrj-tmïajf
ë fj Fonbajâdh!
Hgajaotï pjrgjoth htqujso-oiiïnojth
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Ejrrbt nh nboet pjrgjothihdt suppbrtï sbus JFP
Ijtïrohf rhabiijdnï<
- Fbuphs< erbssosshihdt bptoquh 0,8], dïahssjorh htsugsjdt
- Gofs ds < [NQ ht Woaryf rjponh >/; ë 7/;
- [htoth `bäth nh amorureoh nh fj ijod
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> aa nh ]yfbajâdh* (jnrïdjfodïh bu dbd) dïahssjorhs ht sugsjdtsamhz f‟jnufth
- Odlhatobd njds fj ejodh nhs ffïamosshurs- Hgajaotï tbtjfh qujso-oiiïnojth - [js nh rosquh n‟osamïioh sbus prhssobd
- Nurïh nh fj sïnjtobd vjroj`fh< hd ibyhddh
>5 iod.
Jdhstmïsoh fbab-rïeobdjfh pburamorureoh udeuïjfh
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Fj ibrpmbfbeoh nh fj ijtroah, nu fot, ht nbda nh fj
tj`fhtth, rhpbsh norhathihdt sur fj ibrpmbfbeoh nh [1
^but nïgjut nh rïnuatobd ht/bu tbut spoaufh bsshuxjdbrijfhihdt sjoffjdt ! nïgbrijtobd nh fj ijtroah ht/bu nu fot puos nh fj tj`fhtth.
Hxhipfh< nïgbrijtobd hd podahnhs tj`fhtths sur jrtmrbsh O[N
Fhs prodaophs nh ahtth amorureoh rhpbshdt
sur nhs abddjossjdahs jdjtbioquhs
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F‟jnmïrhdah bptoijfh nh fj tj`fhtth d‟hst pbsso`fh quh
so fh fot hst odtíerh " rhabdstruorh fh fot udeuïjf nh
ijdoírh jdjtbioquh amjquh gbos quh pbsso`fh +++
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Xdh fïsobd bu udh aoajtroah nh fj ijtroah hst udh zbdh quodh phut pfus prbnuorh nh tj`fhtth ! ssurh nh fj tj`fhtth,vborh sïpjrjtobd hd nhux
Fbrsquh fj aoajtroah abdahrdh jusso fh rhpfo prbxoijf, bdb`shrvh ud ptïryeobd
Ju-nhfë nh 0-1 ii nh phrth nh su`stjdah nhs sïquhffhssbdt tbulburs b`shrvïhs
[tïryeobd
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[rosh hd amjreh nhstrjuijtosihs nh f‟bdefh
! Juaudh ïvjaujtobd spbdtjdïh ajr fhs `hrehs nh fj pfjohrhsthdt jnmïrhdths ë fj tj`fhtth
! Nïvhfbpphihdt nh fj abffhatobd njds fj zbdh nh ibodnrhjnmïrhdah
! Nbufhurs pjrgbos odthdshs, pufsjtofhs, odsbidojdths
^rjnuot ud
sjoedhihdt nu fot ht/bu nh fj ijtroah
: - Mïijtbih sbus-udeuïjf
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Qo fj surgjah nh f‟mïijtbih 6 08%nh fj surgjah nh fj tj`fhtth
Jttotunh afjssoquh
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- [bur ahrtjods< nrjodjeh soipfh
[hrahr ë f‟joeuoffh bu ë f‟jonh n‟udtrbi`bdh amjuggï ë `fjda. ̂ bulbursrïjfoshr 0 broahs hd rhejrn nh fj fudufh
- [bur n‟jutrhs< j`fjtobd nh fj tj`fhtth
! vïrohr f‟odtïerotï nu fot ht fh rïpjrhrïvhdtuhffhihdt.
Qo fj surgjah nh f‟mïijtbih 4 08%nh fj surgjah nh fj tj`fhtth
[fusohurs jttotunhs sh nosauthdt
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Jprís jvbor phraï fj tj`fhtth
- Hvjauhr f‟mïijtbih pjr prhssobd nbuah- Fj xhr ïvhdtuhffhihdt ë f‟jonh nh «Qtïro strops³ - [rïvhdor fh pjtohdt nh sj amuth prbamjodh(Qhfbd nh f‟oipbrtjdah nu nïabffhihdt nh fj tj`fhtth pjr f‟mïijtbih)
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J`fjtobd nh fj tj`fhtth ht nïabuvhrthn‟udh pfjoh ë fj lbdatobd fot - ijtroah
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- Jdtjfeoquhs < tbulburs + surïfïvjtobd nh fj ijod
- Jdto`obtoquhs odutofhs
- [jdshihdt ë ïvothr ! rjonhur O[N / O[[ pjrgbos !
- [rïvhdor fh pjtohdt nhs suoths prïvoso`fhs< Qo fhnïabffhihdt hst oipbrtjdt, fj tj`fhtth d‟ïtjdt pfussugsjiihdt jnmïrhdth dorj pjr tbi`hr
- Pïsuftjts hxahffhdts
- Amhz f‟hdgjdt < tj`fhtth pfus sbupfh, ajrtofjehs nh
arbossjdah ! fïsobds sïquhffjorhs trís grïquhdths
Odgbrijtobds ju pjtohdt
ht prhsaroptobds nh sbrtoh
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0 - Abrps ïtrjdehr sbus-udeuïjf
- Fh pfus soipfh< jiodaor prberhssovhihdt fj tj`fhtth ë
f‟jonh n‟udh fjih nh `ostburo lusqu‟ë sjosor fh AH,odabdvïdohdt< nïfj`rjdt !
- [jrgbos sbufhvhr/hdfhvhr fj tj`fhtth pbur sjosor fh AH.
- Qh iïhr nhs ïamjrnhs nh `bos< thdnjdah ë fj
putrïgjatobd ! fhs hdfhvhr j`sbfuihdt + J^@ ht abdtrþfh
ë >=m
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1 - Jvufsobd soipfh nh fj tj`fhtth
Fh pfus sbuvhdt jssbaoïh ë udh fïsobd nu fot
Abdshrvhr fj tj`fhtth amjquh gbos quh pbsso`fh ht fj
rh-pbsotobddhr jvha ud phtot ghdìtrjeh ahdtrjf
Qu`stotut udeuïjf hd ajs nh phrth nh fj tj`fhtth, tbut hdsjamjdt quh fj cïrjtodosjtobd soipfh nu fot phriht fh pfus sbuvhdt fj rhpbusshudeuïjfh
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Amjquh gbos quh pbsso`fh<rhihttrh hd pfjah fj tj`fhtth jvufsïh
bu fj rhipfjahr pjr ud su`stotut
! «
Ibufh
³ fj gjah nbrsjfh nu nboet
! [rbtíeh fj rïpjrjtobd
! Hipìamh fj ghrihturh nh fj autoaufh
! $ fhs nbufhurs fbrs nhs pjdshihdts
! jiïfobrh fj shdso`ofotï pufpjorh
Iïtmbnh
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- [jrjeh so dïahssjorh puos fjvjeh nh fj tj`fhtth (sïrui
pmysobfbeoquh)
- Pïpjrjtobd nu fot
- [uos fj efosshr sbus fhs rhpfos
- Fj xhr hdsuoth pjr ud pbodt hd «]³ bu ud pbodt hdajnrh (fhs strops sh nïabffhdt jvha fj sunjtobd !
Iïtmbnh<
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Zuhf su`stotut udeuïjf hd ajs nh phrth nh fj tj`fhtth 2 Queehstobds<
- [oíeh ë `uffhs n‟udh tu`ufurh nh phrgusobd
- Ghuoffh nh sofoabdh
- Bdefh jrtoaohf …
⤆
Abur`urh onïjfh,prbamh nh ahffh nh fj
tj`fhtth
Hvothr fh grjeihdt nh Px !
ï
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>-: Fh «nboet nh pbrth³ bu ïquovjfhdt
Hxtrìih grïquhdah
[fusohurs stjnhs nh erjvotï
Píefhs nh prosh hd amjreh
- Jdhstmïsoh pjrgjoth rhquosh
- Nïpbshr hdtoírhihdt fj tj`fhtth - Fj fjvhr sboedhushihdt
- [jrhr ^BX^ ah quo nbot f‟ìtrh + fjvjeh
- +/- Pïnuorh ht xhr udh grjaturh nh [1
- +/- Quturhr fj ijtroah ht/bu fh fot- Phpbshr fj tj`fhtth bu sbd su`stotut
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^rjvjof sbus ejrrbt
Erbssosshihdt bptoquh (0,8]), dïahssjorh ht sugsjdt
Nïabffhr fj tj`fhtth rhstjdth jvha prïajutobd ht fj dhttbyhr ju
sïrui pmysobfbeoquh, so grjeihdtïh< hdfhvhr ^BXQ fhs grjeihdts
Qo pjrjeh nhs `hrehs dïahssjorh< nbot fh pfus ïabdbih pbsso`fh
Quturh nh fj ijtroah ht nu fot ju [NQ 7/; odabfbrh
[bodts sïpjrïs bu surlht phu shrrï sugsjdts
^j`fhtth bu su`stotut rh-pbsotobddïh jprís ghdìtrjeh
Píefhs nh prosh hd amjreh
Pí fhs nh prosh hd amjr h
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^j`fhtth goxïh jvha nh f‟Htmofbd 1/; bu ud Woaryfrjponh >/; pjr ud pbodt hd « ] ³ bu ud pbodt hd ajnrh
[jdshihdt tuffh erjs, Ihpothf*, dbd jnmïrhdt, fjossjdtfo`rh f‟O[[ +++
Ju `hsbod phtoth jtthffh
prbvosborh oiib`ofosjdt f‟O[N (ëtotrh jdtjfeoquh) nurjdt >=m;;
Píefhs nh prosh hd amjreh
Píefhs nh prosh hd amjreh
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- Pïghatobd nu pjdshihdt ë L0 bu L1
! vïrogoh f‟j`shdah n‟mïijtbih sbus-udeuïjf ht/bun‟odghatobd prïabah
! Abdtrþfh nbufhur
- J`fjtobd nu pbodt nh pfjajeh nh fj tj`fhtth ë L0:
! tj`fhtth prberhssovhihdt rhipfjaïh pjr fjrhpbussh nh fj dbuvhffh tj`fhtth
- Pïsuftjts < bdefhs dbrijux 4 ?;% nhs ajs fbrsqu‟ofs‟jeot nh fïsobds soipfhs nh fj ijtroah bu nu fot udeuïjf
Píefhs nh prosh hd amjreh
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>-0 Fhs fïsobds abdtushs nu fot udeuïjf
[rodaophs nh rïpjrjtobd< onhdtoquhs
- [jrjeh nhs tossus (fh pfus ïabdbih pbsso`fh)
- Fjvjeh j`bdnjdt ju sïrui pmysobfbeoquh
- Quturhs n‟jpprbxoijtobd ju [NQ 7/;
Wjsaufjrosjtobd nh qujfotï ! pjs n‟osamïioh
Fhs tossus dh efosshdt pjs< jvjdtjeh +++
Pïsuftjts pfus jfïjtborhs
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Fïsobd odotojfh Jprís j`fjtobd nh fjtj`fhtth ht fjvjeh
Jprís suturh pufph ht fot
Jprís iosh hd pfjah n‟udh
prbtmísh nh tj`fhtth
Jprís amuth nh fj prbtmísh
nh tj`fhtth
Pïsuftjt ë 1 shijodhs
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>-1 Fhs fïsobds jssbaoïhs ë udh grjaturh nh [1
Hdvorbd :8% nhs fïsobds nu fot jssbaoïhs ë udh grjaturhnh fj pmjfjdeh nostjfh, fh pfus sbuvhdt dbd nïpfjaïh
(Njds ahrtjodhs sïrohs< lusqu‟ë 8;% nh grjaturh jssbaoïh ë udh fïsobd nu fot)
Fj rhpbsh nh fj tj`fhtth sugt fh pfus sbuvhdt ëstj`ofoshr f‟hdshi`fh, ijos pjs tbulburs !
Bd phut ambosor rïnuorh ht xhr udh
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[futþt 0 `rbamhs! Hvoth fhs trbu`fhs
rbtjtborhs ! Ijodtohd n‟ud sbafh
sbfonh ht stj`fh
^rua pbur gjorh pïdïtrhr fj `rbamhnjds fh `bd jxh< pbodt n‟hdtrïh lusthsbus fj tj`fhtth, jtthdtobd ë f‟b`foquotï
nh fj pmjfjdeh !
pgrjaturh nostjfh, mbupph bu nojpmysh nh [1
so ahfj pjrjot dïahssjorh
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Jtthdtobd !
Jrtmrbnísh ! rjonhur Posquh pbur fh GN[
Posquh odghatohux
Zuon nu rosquh odghatohux hd ajs nhxjtobd ë f‟jonh n‟udh joeuoffh 2
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Ajs pjrtoaufohr<Grjaturh trjdsvhrsjfh nh [1 ht nh fj tj`fhtth
Jrtoah nh Gbuamhr
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Ajs pjrtoaufohr<
Grjaturh trjdsvhrsjfh [1 + tj`fhtth
Jutrh iïtmbnh nh xjtobd nh fj grjaturh
Bd phut jusso xhr fj grjaturh pjrbstïbsydtmísh ë f‟jonh n‟udh joeuoffhvhrth (OI) bu n‟udh phtoth `rbamh.
Qo udh joeuoffh hst utofosïh< abuphr fhijdambd ht rhabur`hr fj pjrtoh nostjfhjd nh gjaofothr fhs pjdshihdts ht
n‟jiïfobrhr fh abdgbrt.
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Jutrh ajs pjrtoaufohr<
[fjoh fbdeotunodjfh nh fj
tj`fhtth ht ë gbrtobro nu fot
udeuïjf
Jrtoah nh Gbuamhr «ibnoï³ bu jnjptï
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>-> [hrth nh su`stjdah osbfïh nu fot
Fh nïtjamhr nh gjåbd sboedhush ht fhsuturhr sur fh pïrobsth nh [1
Q‟of hst hdtoírhihdt sur fj tj`fhtthrhpfjahr f‟hdshi`fh jprís pjrjeh ïabdbih
Ajs bÿ fh fot rhsth sbfonjorh nh fj tj`fhtth
- Fjvjeh ht nï`ronhihdt nu fot 6 : ii
- puos rh-pbsotobd nh f‟hdshi`fh ht xjtobd sbfonh
- Fïsobd rjrhihdt osbfïh +++
- Q‟jssbaoh vbfbdtohrs ë nhs fïsobds pufpjorhs /udeuïjfhs / bsshushs
^buths fhs fïsobds nbovhdt ìtrh trjotïhs hd : thips
Ajs bÿ fh fot rhsth sbfonjorh nh fj tj`fhtth
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Ajs bÿ fh fot rhsth sbfonjorh nh fj tj`fhtth
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Njds tbus fhs ajs< rhpbshr fj tj`fhtth (bu ud su`stotut)pbur ibufhr fj erhggh ht fj prbtïehr fbrs nhs pjdshihdts
Qo fh grjeihdt hst j`shdt
! Erhggh dh nh fot udeuïjf
%Iìih nboet
% Erbs brthof nbddhur
Fo t 9 ? ; ; i o a r b d s
E r h g g h 6 1; ; i o a r b d s
A b d v h x o t ï n u fo t +++
E gg n fot ï f
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Erhggh dh nh fot udeuïjf
% Erbs brthof nbddhur
Abdtrþfh ë 1 ibos
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>-8 [hrths nh su`stjdah nostjfhs
Fj pfupjrt nhs jiputjtobds pjsshdtpjr fh fot hd prïshrvjdt fj ijtroah
8;% nhs fïsobds soíehdt njds fjibotoï nostjfh nh f‟jppjrhof udeuïjf
! Pïoipfjdtjtobds pjrgbos
pbsso`fhs ht a‟hst fh ihoffhurtrjothihdt
ï
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Pïsuftjt ë 7 ibosAjp thamdoquh
Hamha Ajp thamdoquh
0 pbsso`ofotïs
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Grjeihdt nostjf dbd rhpfjdtj`fh
Amjquh gbos quh pbsso`fh< prïfhvhr fh fot rhstjdt sur fh sheihdtjiputï ht fh rh-pbsotobddhr sur fj pjrtoh prbxoijfh nu nboet,
Qodbd rhabdstruorh fh fot ë f‟jonh n‟udh erhggh
Jiputjtobd ë fj lbdatobd fot-ijtroah
jvha ijtroah odtjath
- Pïoipfjdtjtobd< nogaofh ijos a‟hst fh trjothihdt bptoijf- Qo dbd rïjfosj`fh< rhabdstruatobd dbd vjsaufjrosïh hd utofosjdtf‟bs ht fh fot + ud fji`hju pufpjorh.
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bu fji`hju n‟jvjdahihdt pufpjorh
Fji`hju ë pïnoaufh sbus-autjdï vjsaufjrosï pjr fhs `r. jsahdnjdths nhf‟jrajnh jdjstbibtoquh pufpjorh.
Ajs n‟Jiputjtobd njds fj ibotoï nostjfh nu fot jvha jiputjtobd pufpjorh
hd `oshju nbrsjf 9 Odnoajtobd ïfhatovh nu Fji`hju n‟Jtjsby
Nïar ot pbur fj prhi oírh gb os
pjr
r̂jdqu off o-Fjhf o hd :?18
Ph-nïabu vhrt ht rïjf osï pjr Jtjsb y ht
jf. jux Htjts ud os hd :? 5;
(Jtjsb y L @ LQ :? 5;380J
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Fh fji`hju n Jtjsbybu nh r̂jdquoffo-Jtjsby
Jvjdahihdt nu fji`hju foiotï ë 7-5 ii
Onïjfhihdt< pbodth nu fji`hju njds fh pfo nh ffhxobd nh f‟O[N
Nïabffhihdt njds fh pfjd nu pïrobsth puos nu pïro-thdnbd ffïamosshur
@ut< fo`ïrhr fj gjah prbgbdnh nu fji`hju pbur fh gjorh jvjdahr
Wjrojdth nu fji`hju n‟Jtjsby
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y Nïaroth pjr E.Gbuamhr, pu`foïh pjr fh [r A.Nuibdtohr
Fji`hju n‟Jtjsby « ibnoï ³
[rodaoph< nïsïponhrioshr fj pjrtoh nostjfh
nu fji`hju jd nh abi`fhr fj phrth nh
su`stjdah nu fot udeuïjf
Fji`hju xï pjr udh joeuoffh nostjfh
+/- 0 pbodts pufpjorhs fjtïrjux
ju Woaryf rjponh >/;
Odnoajtobd< Jiputjtobd nostjfh nu fot fbrs n‟udh fïsobd pufpjorh hd `oshju
nbrsjf, phut ìtrh utofosïh lusqu‟ë udh jiputjtobd nh 8;% nu fot (zbdh OO)
Quturh nh fj pjrtoh nïsïponhriosïh ju
fot rhstjdt sur fh grjeihdt prbxoijf
Wjrojdth nu fji`hju n‟Jtjsby
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Quturh fot-tossu nhrioquhht mypbnhrioquh
Wjrojdth nu fji`hju n Jtjsby Nïaroth pjr E.Gbuamhr, pu`foïh pjr fh [r A.Nuibdtohr
Hxaosobd trjdsvhrsh n‟udh phtoth fjdeuhtth
n‟ïponhrih
Goxjtobd nostjfh nu fji`hju (joeuoffh)
Quturh nu tossu nhrioquh jvha fh fot ([NQ 8/;
bu 7/;)
Phiosh hd pfjah tj`fhtth bu su`stotut jd nh
prbtïehr fj suturh.
J u d jf, a h t t h z b d h n h t o s s u « i o x t h ³ s h r j ju i b o d s
p jr t o h ffh i h d t « a b fb d o s ï h ³ p jr fh fo t , a h q u o p h r i h t t r j
u d h jn mï r h d a h p fu s e r jd n h n h fj t j` fh t t h
! E jo d h s t mï t o q u h h t g b d a t o b d d h f
[hrths nh su`stjdah nostjfhs iuftopfhs
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p
@rbohihdt nostjf nhs OW ht W
Gjah pjfijorh
Gjah nbrsjfh
Jaaonhdtjeroabfh
@rbyhush ëajddh
Pïsuftjts ë : ibos
[jrjeh htrïpjrjtobdsn‟jpprbxo-
ijtobd
Ajs pjrtoaufohr< phrth nh su`stjdah nostjfh hd `oshju fjtïrjf pjr
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Ajs pjrtoaufohr< phrth nh su`stjdah nostjfh hd `oshju fjtïrjf pjr
fjih nh autthr - [buah ijod nrboth amhz pjtohdth nrbotoírh
[js n‟hxpbsotobd bsshush
Ajs pjrtoaufohr< phrth nh su`stjdah nostjfh hd `oshju fjtïrjf pjr
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Ajs pjrtoaufohr< phrth nh su`stjdah nostjfh hd `oshju fjtïrjf pjr
fjih nh autthr - [buah ijod nrboth amhz pjtohdth nrbotoírh
Ambox< rhpbsotobd-erhggh
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Pïsuftjt ë L=
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Jiputjtobd nostjfh nu pbuah ijod nrboth
amhz ud ejråbd nh :0 jds, nrbotohr
Jiputjtobd hd `oshju pufpjorh ë fj `jsh nh f‟bdefh
rhsphatjdt fj ijtroah
Pïoipfjdtjtobd nh f‟jppjrhof
udeuïjf + nu grjeihdt bsshux
jiputï sur fh pïrobsth nh [1
rhstjdt + fji`hju nh B‟`rohd
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Pïsuftjt ë 1 shijodhs
>-7 Fhs fïsobds nh fj ijtroah
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>-7 Fhs fïsobds nh fj ijtroah
Nïamjusshihdt nh fj pjrtoh prbxoijfh nh fj ijtroah
- @bd prbdbstoa - Phpfjahr fj ijtroah sbus fh rhpfo prbxoijf
- Qo pjrtoh prbxoijfh `jsaufïh ju-nhssus nu rhpfo< pbodts hd«
X
³ prhdjdt jppuo sur fh `burrhfht prbxoijf sugsjdtspbur rhpbsotobddhr fj ijtroah sur fh pïrobsth.
- Phpbsh tj`fhtth bu su`stotut odnosphdsj`fh.
Qïquhffhs tbulburs pfus oipbrtjdths<
ssurhs, soffbds, vborh j`shdah n‟bdefh
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Njds fhs suoths nh pfjohs ijtroaohffhs, of phrsosthsbuvhdt udh rjodurh sïquhffjorh nh fj tj`fhtth
[fjohs soipfhs nh fj ijtroah
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[bur Q‟jerjdnor< odaosobds nh Cjdjvhf
9 0 odaosobds ë fj lbdatobd rhpfoprbxoijf / rhpfos fjtïrjux
• [bursuovrh lusqu‟ë f‟O[N so dïahssjorh
• Hxpbsotobd nh fj ijtroah
• Qoipfh suturh ijtroaohffh ju [NQ 7/;
[fjohs soipfhs nh fj ijtroah
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Qh iïhr nhs pfjohs quo bdt f‟jor suphraohffhs !
[hrths nh su`stjdah ijtroaohffhs
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Erhgghs nh ijtroah < ijuvjos rïsuftjts
Erhggh hd `fba ijtroah + rhpfo udeuïjf 2
[jrgbos trjdsfjtobd nh ijtroah
9 Fji`hju nh trjdsfbajtobd nh Lbmdsbd
. Nïabffhr fhs `hrehs nh fj pfjoh ijtroaohffh . Odaoshr ë fj lbdatobd ijtroah - rhpfos fjtïrjux . Quturhr sjds thdsobd ju [NQ 7/; odabfbrh . Quturhr sboedhushihdt fh rhpfo prbxoijf +++
. Odthrpbshr fj tj`fhtth hdtrh fhs rhpfos
[hrths nh su`stjdah ijtroaohffhs
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Qo fj phrth nh su`stjdah dh phut ìtrh abi`fïh pjr ud
fji`hju fbajf of gjut pjrgbos prbpbshr nhs erhgghsvjsaufjrosïhs n‟jppjrhof udeuïjf
Hd `rjdamjdt ud pïnoaufh aburt ju dovhju nh f‟O[[
Pïsuftjts gbdatobddhfs sjtosgjosjdts ijos dbd pjrgjotssur ud pfjd hstmïtoquh.
[bur fhs phrths nh su`stjdah abipfhxhs nh fj pjrtoh
nbrsjfh nu pbuah jvha pufph odtjath< trjdsghrt pjrtohfnu erbs brthof
ï
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>-7 Fhs fïsobds nu rhpfo prbxoijf
[hrth nh su`stjdah nu rhpfo udeuïjf
[hut ìtrh rhabuvhrth pjr ud fji`hju nh rbtjtobd
y jssbaohr udh rhabdstruatobd nh fj ijtroah so
dïahssjorh
@ohd jpprbxoihr fhs `brns Pïsuftjts hxahffhdts
ï ï
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8 - Pïsuftjts nh proshs hd amjreh odjnjptïhs
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Pïpjrjtobd odotojfh
Pïsuftjt ë : ibos
Nystrbpmoh
udeuïjfh sïvírh
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[fjoh trjdsvhrsh pufpb-udeuïjfh
! pjs n‟j`fjtobd odotojfh nh fj tj`fhtth ht nbda pjs nh rïpjrjtobd nu fotsbus-ljahdt< tj`fhtth dbd jnmïrhdth hd nostjfotï
Fj pfjoh hst jssbaoïh ë udh grjaturh nh mbupph dbd rïnuoth ht dbdxïh + pfjoh pufpjorh ! juaud ijodtohd nh f‟hdshi`fh
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Aoajtroah nysmjribdohush nu rhpfo prbxoijf
9 [tïryeobd
J`shdah nh rïpjrjtobd nu fot udeuïjf ! phrth nh f‟jnmïrhdah nh fj tj`fhtth
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[bur Abdafurh
[jrio f‟hdshi`fh nhs urehdahs, ud trjuijtosihnh f‟bdefh, quhf qu‟of sbot, hst tbulburs udh
fïsobd iodhurh
- Abdsbiijthur nh thips +++
- Of gjut hd iby >8 iod pbur prhdnrh hd amjrehabrrhathihdt udh pfjoh pufpb-udeuïjfh tbut
abipros< Odgbs jux pjtohdts, thips amorureoajfht pjpohrs nh sbrtoh gjots.
F mo o n f‟ f ï t n
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Fj amorureoh nh f‟bdefh dh prïshdth pjs nh
ajrjatïrostoquhs thamdoquhs pjrtoaufoírhs
ijos of gjut <
Abddjätrh f‟jdjtbioh ht fj pmysobfbeoh nh f‟jppjrhofudeuïjf
[rhdnrh fh thips dïahssjorh pbur rïpjrhr ahs phtothsstruaturhs
Qurtbut< s‟odtïrhsshr ë ah phtot brejdh +++
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