Transports Canada Transport Canada Fatigue Stress Pressure Presented by: Patrick Kessler Transport...
Transcript of Transports Canada Transport Canada Fatigue Stress Pressure Presented by: Patrick Kessler Transport...
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FatigueStress
Pressure
Presented by: Patrick KesslerTransport Canada Inspector System Safety
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Let’s suppose that a 22 year-old pilot has just been hired.
What issues will he/she face? Salary Work Schedule Experience Career goals Personal life Competition with colleagues
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ObjectivesUnderstand that fatigue and stress
can prevent us from performing our duties.
Find ways of reducing our fatigue and stress levels.
Find ways of dealing with fatigue and stress in an operational manner.
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Fatigue refers to a decrease in
productivity and a general lack of desire
to work.
((GrandjeanGrandjean, 1988), 1988)
( (Human Factors JournalHuman Factors Journal, 1994), 1994)
Definition of fatigue
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FatigueLack of sleep:
Cumulative;
The need to sleep.
Circadian rhythm:
Physiological and behavioural process;
Ups and downs.
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24Local Time (in hours)
Circadian Rhythms:
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Factors that affect sleep
AgeHealthMedicationAlcoholThe environment/working
conditions
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Consequences of fatigue
Practically every aspect of performance is hindered:
Poor judgment;
Slower reactions;
Forgetting systematic checks;
Decrease in problem-solving ability;
Withdrawal.
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Effects on performance
Seventeen hours without sleep results in a performance level equivalent to a 0.05% blood alcohol level (two beers).
Twenty-four hours without sleep results in a performance level equivalent to a 0.10% blood alcohol level.
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Extreme Fatigue Leads to an involuntary and
uncontrollable shutdown of the brain
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Implication for flights
Periods of extended service: Extended period of wakefulness; Fatigue resulting from uninterrupted
continuous activities; Boredom/complacency; Crossing different time zones.
Limited time for sleep: Cumulative sleep debt.
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Popular misconceptions
“I know how tired I am.” “I’ve gone without sleep before without it
affecting my performance.” “I’m a professional and I can overcome
the challenge.”
Why not?It is very difficult to recognize and reliably
determine our own level of fatigue!
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The fatigue factor in aviation:
Fatigue Countermeasures
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ZZ
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There is no simple answer!
Sleep and the physiology of the circadian rhythm are complex.
There are significant differences among people.
Different flights have different stresses.
Be wary of “miracle cures” for fatigue and jetlag. There is no magic remedy.
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Alertness management strategies
Preventive strategies: Used before a flight and during a stopover
to counter the harmful effects of fatigue, sleep loss and disturbance of the circadian rhythm during a flight.
Operational strategies: Used during a flight to maintain alertness
and level of performance.
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Preventive strategies
Strategies that prepare you for sleep.
Strategies that help you fall asleep.
Strategies that improve the quality of
your sleep.
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Sleep aids Sleeping pills:
May help you fall asleep and sleep better; Some may alter your sleep or have side
effects; May create dependence; Take the lowest dose for the shortest
possible period.
Melatonin: May facilitate the adaptation of the circadian
rhythm and encourage sleep; Its long-term effects are unknown; It is not available legally in Canada.
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Strategies to increase alertness
A NAP BEFORE A FLIGHT CAN IMPROVE ALERTNESS!!
If it is prior to a flight, try to limit your nap to 45 minutes.
If it is not prior to a flight, you can rest longer (1.5 hours to 2 hours).
If you don’t have 45 minutes, sleeping a little is better than not sleeping at all.
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Strategies to increase alertness
What can you do in the cockpit?? Start a conversation.
Do something physical.
Consume caffeine strategically: Caffeine increases alertness. It takes between 15 and 30
minutes for it to have an effect and this effect can last
between 3 and 4 hours.
Eat wisely and drink water.
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If you remember nothing else, remember this:
Fatigue is a physiological factor and it is impossible to change physiology.
Fatigue can have serious consequences and it must be taken seriously.
Aviation makes you prone to fatigue, but there are things you can do about it.
There is no simple answer; find out what works for you!
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Acute stressAcute stress is brought on by problems that arise suddenly.
For example: the stress of additional problems before the flight when we are trying to keep to the schedule.
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Chronic stress
Chronic stress is a result of long-
term conditions, both positive and
negative.
Examples: a divorce or winning the
lottery.
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Anxiety
Can be defined as:
An emotion
A state of apprehension
A normal and necessary phenomenon
Anxiety can cause disease
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26
Per
form
ance
WorkloadTimeline (Workload /Time)
Light and heavy workloads:
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Stressors in aviation
Medical exams Check flights Diseases Pay Conflicts Fear of flying Keeping to schedule Passengers
Noises and vibrations Temperature and
humidity Diet Dehydration Pressure changes Confined spaces Poor visibility
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Effects of stress
Absenteeism: burnout, depression;
Workplace accidents;
Low tolerance for frustration;
Poor eating habits;
Tremors;
Decrease in morale and lack of enthusiasm;
Decrease in productivity.
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The basics of stress management
Identify, recognize, eliminate or counteract stressors.
Proactively deal with the stress factors affecting you.
Rest sufficiently. Eat a balanced diet. Exercise. Communicate. Take stock of your attitudes, your sense of
humour and your affective state.
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Documentation
A number of [French-language] tools are available:
Facteurs humains en sécurité aérienne [human
factors in aviation safety]; B. Emeyriat, Modulo
publishing;
Internet: www.psychomedia.qc.ca
Internet:
http://perso.club-internet.fr/stanb/Stress/stress.htm
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“The pressure on our shoulders”
Accept our responsibility towards a situation
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Summary
Fatigue management is crucial.
By learning to control our stress, we
become able to give our best and to
better organize our lives.
Manage pressure effectively