TRANSPORTING FISHTRANSPORTING FISH

TRANSPORT MORTALITYTRANSPORT MORTALITY

• Poor water qualityPoor water quality

• Water & ion imbalancesWater & ion imbalances

• Stress-induced immunosuppressionStress-induced immunosuppression

WATER QUALITYWATER QUALITY

• TemperatureTemperature

• OxygenOxygen

• pH/ammonia/carbon dioxidepH/ammonia/carbon dioxide

• Total dissolved solidsTotal dissolved solids

Metabolic ActivityMetabolic Activity

DISSOLVED OXYGEN SATURATION

y = 0.0044x2 - 0.3532x + 14.113

r2 = 0.999

5

10

15

0 10 20 30 40Temperature (C)

DO

(m

g/L

)

FW760 mm Hg

Dissolved Oxygen SaturationDissolved Oxygen Saturation

DISSOLVED OXYGEN AND SALINITYy = -0.0709x +

7.5818

r2 = 0.9869

6

6.5

7

7.5

8

0 5 10 15 20Salinity (g/L)

DO

(m

g/L

)

30 C760 mm Hg

Dissolved Oxygen and SalinityDissolved Oxygen and Salinity

Oxygen ConsumptionOxygen Consumption

NH3 NH4+

Ammonia

Un-ionized

Ammonium

Ionized

Low pH

Low Temp

High pH

High Temp

Ammonia RelationshipsAmmonia Relationships

Ammonia TransportAmmonia Transport Across Gill Across Gill

0 g/L 35 g/LFreshwater Seawater

Iso-osmoticIso-osmotic

10-12 g/L

Fish pump ions in and do not drink

Fish pump ions out and drink

Salinity

Water and Mineral TransportWater and Mineral Transport

ALKALINITY AND pH

6

7

8

9

0 10 20Carbon Dioxide (mg/L)

pH 100 mg/L

25 mg/L

Alkalinity and pHAlkalinity and pH

Disease Prevention and Disease Prevention and OutbreaksOutbreaks

Stress and Stress and DiseaseDiseaseOutbreaksOutbreaks

RULES OF THUMBRULES OF THUMB

• Reduce the number of stressors (Know what you are doing)Reduce the number of stressors (Know what you are doing)

• Reduce severity of stressors (Don’t knock your fish around)Reduce severity of stressors (Don’t knock your fish around)

• Minimize duration of stressors (Don’t haul fish around the USA!)Minimize duration of stressors (Don’t haul fish around the USA!)

• Minimize plasma ion disturbances (Use salt)Minimize plasma ion disturbances (Use salt)

• Minimize increases in metabolic rate (Correct temp., etc.)Minimize increases in metabolic rate (Correct temp., etc.)

Knotless NettingKnotless Netting

Knotted NettingKnotted Netting

Fish loaded into bag and ready for oxygen “top-off.”

Oxygen injection into bagged fish...will keep up to 24 hrs.(If fish are small and low density!!)

Bagged fish loaded into box for shipping.

Case Study: How to Move Red Case Study: How to Move Red Drum…or How NOT too!Drum…or How NOT too!

Healthy? Much better over here!

Everyone’s here…let’s get started!

7:00 AM

“101, 102…”

“Gee…This is time consuming!”

“I’m hungry, anyone bring donuts??”

“Well, he said, then she told him to….”

“Was that 203, 204, 205?”

“Whose counting these???” 8:02 AM

Several hours later…still at it!

10:15 AM

“Did anyone calibrate the scale this AM?”

“Don’t look at me, I thought Becky was supposed to do it?”

11:07 AM

“Who wants to break for lunch??”

12:30 PM

“Did anyone check the batteries on this thing?”

2:00 PM

Striped BassStriped Bass

Fish Pump PhotoFish Pump Photo

Fish Pump DiagramFish Pump Diagram

Loading FishLoading Fish