Transportation, Land Use, Economic Vitality
Transcript of Transportation, Land Use, Economic Vitality
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PLACEMAKING:Transportation, Land Use, Economic Vitality
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What is the purpose of a road or street?
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1. Mobility: Point A to Point B Vehicle throughput (highways, arterials, collectors)
2. Access: Goods, services, housing, jobsPlacemaking (main streets and n’hood streets)
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Who do they serve?
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1. Drivers only:Limited Access Highways, i.e., the Beltway
2. Drivers mostly:Arterials and Collectors, i.e., Rt. 29 and Gov Ctr Pkwy
3. All travelers:Local Streets, i.e., Market Street in Reston
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How did we get here?
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A Brief History of Roads and Streets1700s to Today
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The typical 1700s country road
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1860s: Country roads – Rt 1, 7, 29, 50,123Long distance travel: farm to market, town to town
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1880s: Fairfax country roads proliferateNo “plan” or grid of streets
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1749: Alexandria Plan A planned grid of streets
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1749: Alexandria A dense, walkable grid spurs economic activity
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1800: City of Washington A planned grid of streets
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1900: City of Washington A dense, multi-modal grid (peds, horses, bicycles, streetcars, cars) spur economic activity
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1960: First Fairfax Plan
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1960s: Tysons CornerAuto-dominant development
Tysons Corner Mall
Rt. 7Rt. 123
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Auto-scale: 8 roads
Human-scale: 112 streets
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Auto-scale v Human-scale
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1970s: Beltway Doubled to 8-lanes within 10 years
1964: Beltway Fairfax’s first highway – 4-lanes
Fairfax development was built on highways & arterials
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1961: First Tysons PlanBased on highways (495) & arterials (Rt. 7 & 123)
Separated land uses
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Auto-scale v Human-scale
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Main Arterial through TysonsRt. 123 is now 10-lanes – No peds/cyclists
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Late 1800s: New York CityStreet as marketplace, gathering space, playground, and travel
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MOVIE TIME!
Early 1906: San FranciscoAll travelers “owned” the street
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Automobiles are given highest priority on streets
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1910: Richmond, Virginia (Broad & 4th)Street as marketplace, gathering space, and multi-modal travel
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2010: Richmond, Virginia (Broad & 4th)Street as automobile thoroughfare
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1920s – The start of Euclidean ZoningThis is where the pedestrians went: Auto-dominated subdivisions, shopping centers, office parks
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1930s: Washington, D.C. – Shopping DistrictActive Multi-Modal Streets: Pedestrians, Streetcars & Studebakers in Street Grid
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1956: Seven Corners Shopping CenterFairfax’s first major auto-dominated shopping center
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1960s: Rt. 7 and 50 are WidenedFormer country roads become auto-dominated arterials
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The Futon
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The Futon
A lousy sofa and a lousy bed
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=
The Futon
A lousy sofa and a lousy bed
The Arterial
Lousy throughput and lousy place
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Level of Service (LOS): The basis of Fairfax street and road design
VDOT owns Fairfax streets and roads and uses LOS
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LOS: Measures Vehicle Delays at Traffic Lights
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Typical LOS Modeling
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Typical LOS Modeling
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Typical LOS Modeling
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Voila! LOS determines that the road must be widened for vehicles
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How about considering all users and creating great places?
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Waste
Use
Here’s how LOS works: Infrastructure for Peak Hours
2:00 AM Noon Midnight5:00 PM 8:00 AM
Tra
ffic
Volu
me
LOS F!Capacity
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What’s important depends upon values and perspective
LOS Model:
45
F A
A FEconomic/PlacemakingModel:
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The LOS Methodology is
INDUCING More Traffic
Therefore, it will never “solve” for congestion
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Source: Smart Growth America“The Congestion Con” 2020
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Traditional Urban GridPromotes walking
Traditional Suburban Arterial & Cul-de-SacsPromotes driving
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Get rid of LOS, design your streets for walking, and call me in the morning
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The road that LOS built Can you find the pedestrian?
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Over 40,000 people die each
year in auto related accidents
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The gateway to Fairfax County – Rt. 1A suburban arterial with 11 lanes and high speeds
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This is where Ms. Alston was killed in 2020
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This is where Mr. Yeboah was killed in 2020Notice the number of lanes & the lousy bike lane
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Our residents deserve better: more humane streets
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Source: Smart Growth America
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Speed results in serious injures and deaths
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The gateway to Alexandria – Rt. 1An urban arterial, but only 6 lanes, and slow speeds
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Connecticut Ave: An urban arterial with 6 lanes, on-street parking, slow speeds, and mixed-use development
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Streets & Bridges as Great Civic Places
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We can:
- Create streets that are great places- Induce more ped/cyclist/transit travel- Spur economic activity
How?
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1. Replace LOS with other measures, i.e., VMT
2. Humanize our streets for ALL users:
a. Slow speeds to 25-35 mph
b. Limit arterials to 6 lanes
d. Add on-street parking (and help small businesses)
e. Add crosswalks every 300’- 500’
e. Add well-designed sidewalks/bike lanes
f. Plant shade trees
DEVELOP A “COMPLETE STREETS” POLICY
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Contact your state officials:
Ralph Northam: Governor of VirginiaShannon Valentine: Secretary of TransportationNick Donovan: Deputy Secretary of TransportationStephen Brich: VDOT CommissionerBarton A. “Art” Thrasher: VDOT Chief Engineer
Ask them to:1. Develop Alternatives to LOS 2. Develop a Complete Streets Policy for Virginia
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A Complete Street :)