Transportation in IndiaMade By- Jash ShahClass -10th

Roll no.-33Subject:-ICTAmrish R. Patel School (C.B.S.E)

Transportation

• Transport is a means of carrying goods and people from one place to another.

• Transport is an important part of India's economy but it is poor in comparison with international standards.

• Since the economic liberalization of the 1990s, infrastructure development has progressed rapidly.

• Today there is a variety of modes of transport by land, water and air.

Introduction:-

Traditional means of Transport

• Walking

• Palanquin

• Hand-pulled rickshaw

• Bullock cart and horse carriage

• Cycle rickshaw

Modern Means of Transportation

Means of transport

Land

Roadways

Pipelines

Railways

Water

Inland

overseas

Air

Domestic Airways

International Airways

Land Transport1. Road Transport

It is the oldest form of transport. It includes various means such as bullock cart, tempo, auto rickshaw, busses, car etc.

It is economical for short distance. There are less overheads and less cost in terms of

maintenance. It provides personalized service.

Classification of Roads

• Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways• National highways• State highways• District highways• Border roads

2. Rail Transport

Rail transport in India

Passenger km 1,158.7 billion (2014)

Freight 106 million tonnes (2014)

System length

Total 68,525 kilometers

• In India railways are owned and managed by the Central Government.• It is suitable for bulky goods.• It is economical for long distance.• There is regularity in the operation of train.• There is less pollution, as the train operates on electricity.• There is uniformity in rates as the rates are fixed by the government.

3.Pipelines transport

• Its a new arrival• It is used to transport crude oil, petroleum products and natural

gas.• Solids can also be transported through a pipeline when

converted into slurry.• Initial cost of laying pipelines is high but subsequent running

costs are high.• It rules out trans-shipment losses or delays.• Important networks:-1)from upper Assam to Kanpur(UP)• 2)from Salaya(GJ) to Jalandhar(PB)• 3)from Hazira(GJ) to Jadishpur (UP)

Water Transport

• India is surrounded by the Bay of Bengal, the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean.

• Therefore it has a long coastline. • Water transport refers to movement of goods and passengers

on waterways.• With the help of these means goods and passengers are carried

to different places, both within as well as outside the country.

Features

• Water transport plays an important role in international trade.• It possesses high load carrying capacity.• It is a relatively economical mode of transport for bulky and

heavy goods.• Water transport does not require any special infrastructure like

roads, and airport.• Sea transport requires large investment on ships and their

maintenance.

1.Inland Water Transport

• India has inland navigation water ways of 14,500 km in length.• Out of these only 5685 km are navigable by mechanized vessels.• About 50 million tonnes of cargo corresponding to 2.82 billion

tonne km was transported in 2005-06 by Inland Water Transport (IWT).

• Considering the inherent advantages of this mode, the Govt. of India is trying to develop this means of transport.

National waterways

• NW1:- Allahabad-Haldia stretch of the Ganga—Bhagirathi-Hooghly Rivers(1620 km)

• NW2 :- Sadiya-Dhubri Stretch of Brahmaputra River• NW3 :- Kollam-Kozhikode Stretch of West Coast Canal and

Champakara and Udyogmandal Canals• NW4 :- Specified stretches of Godavari and Krishna rivers along

with Kakinda Puducherry stretch of canals(1078km)• NW5 :- Specified stretches of river Brahmani along with Matai

river delta channels of Mahanadi and Brahmani rivers and East Coast Canal(588 km)

2.Overseas Water Transport

• India has wide coast line of nearly 7,516.6 km. • India is dotted with 12 major and 187,notified non-major ports.• These major ports handle 95%of India’s foreign trade.• Transport facilities available along the vast coast line of the

country through ships is called coastal shipping. • It is the cheapest mode of transport. • Generally speaking, Oceanic Transport means the movement of

ships between the countries through sea routes.

Major Sea PortsSea Port Name Location

Chennai Port or Madras Port Chennai, Madras

Haldia (Kolkata Dock System & Haldia Dock Complex)

Kolkata

Jawaharlal Nehru Port, also known as Nhava Sheva

Maharashtra, South Mumbai

Kamarajar Port or Ennore Port Ennore, Chennai

Kandla Port Gujarat, Gulf of Kutch

Kochi Port or Cochin Port Kochi, Kerala

New Mangalore Port Manglore, Karnataka

Mormugao Port Panaji, Goa

Mumbai Port West Mumbai, Maharashtra

Panaji Panaji Goa

Paradip Jagatsinghpur, Odisha

Tuticorin Port (now called V.O.Chidambaram Port)

Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu

Visakhapatnam Port Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh

Airways

• Air transport is of recent origin in the development of transport system of a country.

• Air transport provides the fastest practical means of transportation.

• Indian air transport is one of the fastest developing aviation sectors of the world.

Features

• Air transport is the most modern and the quickest mode of transport.

• Air transport is very expensive, as the operating costs of airplanes are high.

• Air transport provides comfortable, efficient and quick transport service.

• Air transport requires less investment on infrastructure.• Air transport is free from physical barriers.• It plays a significant role in the national defence of the country.• Air transport is the most risky form of transport because the chances

of accidents are greater in comparison to other modes of transport.

Major AirportsRank Name City State

1 Indira Gandhi International Airport Delhi Delhi

2 Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport

Mumbai Maharashtra

3 Kempegowda International Airport Bengaluru Karnataka

4 Chennai International Airport Chennai Tamil Nadu

5 Rajiv Gandhi International Airport Hyderabad Telangana

6 Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport

Kolkata West Bengal

7 Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport

Ahmedabad Gujarat

10 Pune International Airport Pune Maharashtra

Benefits Of Transportation

• Transport plays a significant role in the overall economic development. Transportation results into growth of infrastructure, industrialization and massive production.

• 1. Industrial growth• 2. Creates employment• 3. Creates place utility• 4. Bring countries closer• 6. Stability in prices• 7. Specialization and division of labour• 8. Use of Economic resources• 9.Raises the standard of living

Summary of Evolution of Transportation in India