TRANSPORTATION GÇô BUS

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A

Project report on

TRANSPORTATION BUS

Submitted to

Prof. S. Chinnam Reddy

Prepared By:-

Mitul Kotak (39)

Shruti Shah(91)

Satyam Sejpal (84)

Vijay Kumar Singh (118)
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INDEX


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Introduction

The establishment of State Transport Undertakings (STUs) in India in the1960sand 1970s did an enormous service in linking towns and villages across the

country,Particularly in the western and southern parts. Even though the service mayleave much to be desired in terms of quality, the importance of STUs lies inthe factthat, unlike in most other developing countries, one can connect to almosteveryvillages in India. Urban areas in India, which include a wide range of megacities,cities, and towns, are not all that fortunate in terms of intracitytransportation.

Transport in this context has been a victim of ignorance, neglect, andconfusion.

As far as the public transport system in Indian cities is concerned, dedicatedcitybus services are known to operate in 17 cities only and rail transit exists onlyin 4out of 35 cities with population in excess of one million.

Transport demand in most Indian cities has increased substantially, due toincreasesin population as a result of both natural increase and migration from ruralareasand smaller towns. Availability of motorized transport, increases in householdincome, and increases in commercial and industrial activities have furtheraddedto transport demand. In many cases, demand has outstripped road capacity.Greater congestion and delays are widespread in Indian cities and indicatetheseriousness of transport problems.. The transport crisis also takes a humantoll. Statistics indicate that traffic accidents are a primary cause of accidentaldeaths in Indiancities. The main reasons for these problems are the prevailing imbalance inmodalsplit, inadequate transport infrastructure, and its suboptimal use. Publictransportsystems have not been able to keep pace with the rapid and substantialincreasesin demand over the past few decades. Bus services in particular havedeteriorated,and their relative output has been further reduced as passengers have turnedtopersonalized modes and intermediate public transport.Individual cities cannot afford to cater only to private cars and two-wheelers.

There must be a general recognition that without public transport cities would


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be even less viable. There is a need to encourage public transport instead of personal vehicles. This requires both an increase in quantity as well as qualityof public transport and effective use of demand as well as supply-sidemanagementmeasures. People should also be encouraged to use nonmotorized transportandinvestments may be made to make it safer. Cities are the major contributorstoeconomic growth, and movement in and between cities is crucial forimproved

Quality of life

A few metropolitan cities are served by well-organized bus services. Servicesaremostly run by publicly owned State Transport Undertakings (STUs). Privatebusservices have started operation in all places. All passenger buses use thestandardtruck engine and chassis; hence, they are not economical for city use. Therearevirtually no buses in India specifically designed for urban conditions.Qualitatively,available urban mass transport services are overcrowded, unreliable, andinvolvelong waiting periods. Overcrowding in the public transport system is morepronouncedin large cities where buses, which are designed to carry 40 to 50 passengersgenerally, carry double the capacity during peak hours. As a result, there is amassive shift to personalized transport, especially two-wheelers, andproliferationof various types of intermediate public transport modes (three-wheeler auto-rickshawsand taxies).Focusing on Bus Transport Passenger mobility in urban India relies heavily on its roads. Although rail-basedtransport services are available in a few megacities, they hardly play any rolein meeting the transport demand in other million plus cities. Considering the.nancial health of various levels of governments (central, state, and local) andtheinvestment required to improve the rail-based mass transport system, it isevidentthat bus transport will have to play a major role in providing passengertransportservices in Indian cities in the future. It is amply clear that among the variousmodes of road based passenger transport, bus occupies less road space andcauses

There is need for a great variety of bus transport services in Indian cities.Given the


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opportunity, people reveal widely divergent transport preferences, but inmanyplaces city authorities favor a basic standard of bus services. It is oftenthoughtto be inegalitarian to provide special services, such as guaranteed seats orexpressbuses, in return for higher fares. In other words, variety is usually curbed.Governmentregulation and control have exacerbated the poor operational and financialperformance of publicly owned urban transport undertakings, which are themain providers of bus transport services in Indian cities. As cost of operationrises,transport systems come under financial pressure to raise fares, but politiciansareunder pressure to keep fares at existing levels. Unless the system issubsidized, ithas to eliminate some of its less pro.table or loss-making services. In ademocracy,politicians are bound to yield to pressures from those whose services arethreatenedand to insist on maintaining money-losing operations. Due to this, transportundertakings .nd it di.cult to raise their revenue su.ciently enough to meetthecost of operation. 5 In addition, they have to provide concessional travelfacilitiesto various groups, such as freedom .ghters, journalists, students, besidespayinga high level of di.erent kinds of taxes. 6 It is becoming increasingly di.cult forloss-making urban transport undertakings to augment and manage their .eet,Review of Urban Transportation in India91which in turn leads to poor operational performance and deterioration in

qualityof services.With few exceptions, publicly owned urban transport undertakings in Indiaoperateat higher unit costs than comparable transport operations controlled by theprivate sector. Kolkata provides an opportunity to make a direct comparisonbetween privately owned and publicly owned bus systems. Public buses areoperatedby the Calcutta State Transport Corporation (CSTC), with a .fleet size of more than 1,250 buses and sta.ng ratio per operational bus of 11. CSTC hasalsobeen plagued by fare evasion estimated at more than 15 percent of revenue.

Asa result of low productivity and fare evasion, the system requires a hugesubsidysince revenues cover less than half of the costs. 7 On the other hand, there are1,800private buses in the city. These buses are operated mainly by smallcompanies orindividual owners grouped into a number of route associations. Fares forprivate


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and public bus services are the same. Despite the similarity in fare rates,privateoperators have been able to survive financially without any subsidy. Theirsuccessis attributed to high levels of productivity, which are re.ected in low sta.ngratiosand high .eet availability. Private bus operators in Kolkata, who hold almosttwothirdsof the market, play a major role in meeting the demand and thussubstantiallyreduce the .nancial burden on the state government. Furthermore, publiclyowned urban transport undertakings often lack the flexibility of organization,theability to hire and .re sta., or the .nancial discretion needed to adapt tochangingconditions. In such circumstances, a policy that encourages privateparticipationin the provision of bus transport services should be welcomed. There is anurgentneed for restructuring of the public transport system in Indian cities toenhanceboth quantity as well as quality of services.Enhancing Transport Coordination

There is an urgent need for a transportation system that is seamlesslyintegratedacross all modes. The various modes of public transport, includingintermediatepublic transport, have to work in tandem. They should complement ratherthan involve themselves in cutthroat competition. Presently, di.erentagencies,independent of each other, are operating di.erent services in Indian cities. Forexample, in Delhi, metro rail is operated by Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd,suburbanrail service by Northern Railway, bus transport service by Delhi TransportCorporation, and taxi and auto-rickshaw by private operators. There is a lackof coordination among these agencies. Since the ultimate objective is to provideanadequate and e.cient transport system, there is a need to have acoordinating

Journal of Public Transportation, Vol. 8, No. 1, 200592authority with the assigned role of coordinating the operations of variousmodes.

This coordinating authority may be appointed by the central or stategovernmentand may have representatives from various stakeholders such as private taxioperators,bus operators, railways, and state government. The key objective should beto attain the integration of di.erent modes of transport to improve thee.ciencyof service delivery and comfort for commuters. At the same time, a single-ticket


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system, where commuters can buy a transport ticket that is valid throughoutthepublic transport network within the coordinating authoritys jurisdiction,shouldalso be developed and promoted.

History

In ancient times, people often covered long distances on foot. For instance, the AdiSankara traveled all over India. Even today it is not uncommon for people in rural areasto commute several kilometers every day.

The use of buses is very popular for all classes of society. They are a cheap and easymode of transport . The government is encouraging the people to use the bus since itreduces the number of vehicles on the road thus reducing traffic jams.

Transportation itself is a word incomplete without the use of Vehicles the differentvehicles which contribute to the move.

The different modes are

Horse carriages

Palanquin

Bullock cartCycle rickshawBicycles

Manually pulled rickshaw

TramsLocal transportBusesVans

Autorickshaws

Two-wheelersCarsUtility vehiclesMetroRailways
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adi_Sankarahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adi_Sankarahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adi_Sankarahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mode_of_transporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mode_of_transporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horse_and_buggyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adi_Sankarahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adi_Sankarahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mode_of_transporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horse_and_buggy


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Buses

Next only to railways, the most preferred long distance transport option for the public arethe buses. Most of the state road transport corportations have buses which connect major cities and towns.

There are private bus operators who run regular schedule of buses for connections between major cities and towns. Most long distance buses are scheduled during the night.Long distance travel in buses is quite common for distances up to 500 km. In some casesthere are connections for distances like 1000 km (eg. Bangalore to Mumbai ), with a traveltime of 24 hours. With the advent of better buses (eg. Volvo's popular Volvo B7R ) and

better highways, road transport has become a fast and comfortable option for travellers.

A bus is a large automobile intended to carry numerous persons in addition to the driver and sometimes a conductor. The name is a shortened version of omnibus , which means"for everyone".

HistoryThe omnibus, the first organized public transit system, may have originated in Nantes,

France in 1826, when Stanislas Baudry , a retired army officer who had built public baths(run from the surplus heat from his flour mill) on the city's edge, set up a short stage line between the center of town and his baths. The service started on the Place du Commerce,outside the hat shop of M. Omns, who displayed the motto Omns Omnibus ("Omnsfor all") on his shopfront. When Baudry discovered that passengers were just asinterested in getting off at intermediate points as in patronizing his baths, he shifted thestage line's focus. His new voiture omnibus ("carriage for all") combined the functions of the hired hackney carriage with the stagecoach that travelled a predetermined route frominn to inn, carrying passengers and mail. His omnibus featured wooden benches that randown the sides of the vehicle; entry was from the rear.

A Typical Bus Stop

Buses are an intrinsic part of everyday life, and play an important part in the social fabricof many countries. Many urban public transportation systems rely on a bus network to

provide services.

Types of Bus
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=India%27s_State_Road_Transport_Corporations&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volvohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volvo_B7Rhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volvo_B7Rhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drivinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_transithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_transithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nantes%2C_Francehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nantes%2C_Francehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stanislas_Baudry&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hackney_carriagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stagecoachhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=India%27s_State_Road_Transport_Corporations&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volvohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volvo_B7Rhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drivinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_transithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nantes%2C_Francehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nantes%2C_Francehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stanislas_Baudry&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hackney_carriagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stagecoach


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Bus services can generally be categorized into several different categories. Local transit buses provide public transit within a city or one or more counties . Intercity andinterstate buses (often called interprovincials in other countries) provide transitspecifically between cities, towns, rural areas, as well as between states. They generally

provide far less stops than would be found on local bus routes. Greyhound Bus Lines andTrailways Transportation System are examples of interstate bus systems. Some localtransit systems offer some intercity bus lines that provide transit from one city or town

they service to nearby city or town served by another transit agency. Intercity busservices have become an important travel connection to smaller towns and rural areas thatdo not have airports or train service. A new phenomenon in intercity bus travel has beenthe Chinatown bus .

Some public transit bus systems offer express bus service in addition to local bus lines.While local lines provide frequent stops along a route, express lines make far fewer stopsin order to speed up the travel time between key destinations on the route. For example,an express bus line may provide speedier service between a local airport and thedowntown area of a nearby city.

Shuttle bus service provide transit service between two destinations, such as an airportand city center. Shuttle bus services are often provided by colleges, airports, shoppingareas, companies, and amusement destinations.

Tour bus service provides transit for tourists to see of notable sites by bus. City tour buses often simply pass by the sights while a tour narrator describes them while longer distance tour buses generally allow for passengers to disembark at each sight. Some

places have buses that resemble streetcars in order to attract tourists or for other appearance purposes. A similar phenomenon is Duck Tours , which uses amphibiousDUKWs converted into buses/cruise boats for tour purposes.

School bus service provides transit to and from school for school students. Some privateschools use school buses only for field trips or sports events. Some school systems, suchas the San Francisco public school system, do not operate their own school bus system

but instead rely on the local public transit bus system to provide transportation for thesystem.

Charter bus operators, provide buses with properly licensed bus drivers for hire.

Decline of the intercity bus

With the continued increase in urbanization and automobile ownership rates, the usage of intercity bus services like Greyhound Lines has steadily decreased over the past severaldecades. Revenue problems for intercity fleets have necessitated government subsidies tocontinue operations. Many bus stops and routes to less populous destination have beenshut down to lower operating costs.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greyhound_Bus_Lineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greyhound_Bus_Lineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trailways_Transportation_Systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinatown_bushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_transporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streetcarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streetcarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Duck_Tours&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Duck_Tours&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DUKWhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/School_bushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greyhound_Lineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greyhound_Bus_Lineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trailways_Transportation_Systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinatown_bushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_transporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streetcarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Duck_Tours&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DUKWhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/School_bushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greyhound_Lines


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bus stop A bus stop is a designated place where a public transport bus stops for the purpose of allowing passengers to board or leave the bus. The simplest kind can be just asign saying "bus stop", or it can be a post with special colouring or other marksidentifying it as a bus stop; however, line numbers and/or destinations are often indicated.The times the bus departs may be given, or the whole timetable , in what is known as aGuide-A-Ride box. A map of the bus lines and tariff information may be provided.Electronic signs may be present to tell real-time when the next bus will come, regardless

of schedules; NextBus is one such system. An innovation in London is the addition of automatic terminals from which to buy tickets; these save time when boarding.

There may be a shelter , a bench , lighting and a garbage receptacle . These componentshave the general term street furniture .

There are two main kinds of stops:

Scheduled stop: The bus arrives at the stop at a set time, at which point it allowssome or all passengers to disembark and lets those waiting at the stop board. Itdeparts at another set time later.

Request or flag stop: The bus does not come to a halt unless it is signalled to doso. Passengers may signal either by pressing a button or pulling a cord, or byverbally alerting the driver. A person waiting at the stop may be required to flagdown the bus (no sign may be present), or his/her presence may be sufficient.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus_stophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus_stophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_transporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timetablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real-timehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NextBushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus_stophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus_stophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bench_(furniture)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bench_(furniture)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dustbinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Street_furniturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Street_furniturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:BusTransportSG.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus_stophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus_stophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_transporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timetablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real-timehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NextBushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus_stophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bench_(furniture)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dustbinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Street_furniture


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Major Bus Manuacturers

CONCLUSION The costs of providing transportation services have risen, and funding sources have

not kept pace with the increases. To continue to provide mobility to the public, it isessential to more fully use the transportation assets and resources available withinthe community. This need is even more critical in nonurban areas where publictransportation is limited or nonexistent. The school bus has been identified as havingpotential for linkage with public transportation, because in most nonurban areas,school bus transportation is available where public transportation is limited ornonexistent. The majority of school bus transportation falls during 4 to 5 hours onweek-days, during the school year. The remainder of the time, most of these fleets sitidle.

Conclusions Transport systems are among the various factors a.ecting the quality of lifeandsafety in a city. The urban transport situation in large cities in India isdeteriorating.

The deterioration is more prevalent in metropolitan cities where there is anexcessiveconcentration of vehicles. Commuters in these cities are faced with acuteroad
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Sg_woodlands_busstop.jpg


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congestion, rising air pollution, and a high level of accident risk. Theseproblemscannot be solved without a concise and cogent urban transport strategy. Themain objective of such a strategy should be to provide and promotesustainablehigh-quality links for people by improving the e.ciency and e.ectiveness of thecitys transport systems. Policy should be designed in such a way as toreducethe need to travel by personalized modes and boost the public transportsystem.At the same time, demand-side as well as supply-side managementmeasuresshould e.ectively be used. People should be encouraged to walk and cycleandgovernment should support investments that make cycling and walking safer.Finally, there is a need to empower the Urban Local Bodies to raise .nancesandcoordinate the activities of various agencies involved in the provision of transportinfrastructure in urban areas.Endnotes1 Publicly owned STUs in India provide bus transport services in almost everystateof the country. During the year 200001, they operated with about 115,000buses.As bus transportation is a state subject in India, they are owned and operatedbyrespective state governments.2 The urban population in India has increased signi.cantly from 62 million in1951to 285 million in 2001 and is increasing at a rate of 3 percent per year fromlasttwo decades. Consequently, the number of metropolitan cities with apopulationexceeding one million has increased from 5 in 1951 to 35 in 2001.3 The role of cities in the national economy has been growing in importance,asthe share of urban areas in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has grown from 50percent in the early 1990s to 60 percent in 2000. Fast-growing cities in Indiahavenurtured business and industry and have provided jobs and higher incomes.

Thus,it is important that cities function e.ciently.4 Two-wheelers include motorcycles, scooters, and mopeds. They are usuallypetrol-driven vehicles and available in both two- as well as four-strokeengines.Although engine capacity of two-wheelers in India varies from 60 cc formopeds

Journal of Public Transportation, Vol. 8, No. 1, 200596


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to 535 cc for motorcycles, most of them operate with an engine capacity of about100 cc.5 During the year 200102, publicly owned urban bus transport undertakingsinIndia incurred an accumulated loss of about Rs. 5310 million which isequivalentto a loss of Rs. 4.25 per bus-km.6 During the year 200102, on average, every bus operated by urban bustransportundertakings in India paid Rs. 53,000 in the form of motor vehicle tax,passengertax, etc.7 CSTC incurred a total cost of Rs. 1498 million whereas its total revenue wasaround Rs. 627 million during the year 200102.8 Capital-intensive projects should be considered if and only if they areabsolutelynecessary. In many cases, instead of building underground railways orelevatedhighways, the government would have done better to have increased thecapacityof existing bus services. Careful appraisal of capital-intensive projects shouldbeperformed before implementing them.9 States are expected to devolve adequate powers, responsibilities, and.nancesupon the ULBs so as to enable them to prepare plans and implementschemes forthe development of urban areas. However, responsibility for giving it apracticalshape rests with the states. States are expected to act in consonance withthe spiritof the act for establishing a strong and viable system of local self-government.

Renaissance in bus transportation

The Gujarat State Road Transport Corporation , on the brink of closure just four or five years ago,is all set to make a comeback, thanks to its brand new fleet and modern outlook,

he added that facilities like a new fleet, more bus stations and computerisation

the employees and officials will have to change and improve their attitude towards duty andpassengers besides developing a sense of belonging on par with their private sector counterparts

limit to which the Government could help unions solve their problems.

no parking zones primarily with the GSRTC staff. Incidentally, the area surrounding the centralbus station at Gita Mandir, usually crowded by private buses and other vehicles, was cleared withcops ensuring that passengers were not lured away by private operators.


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over 2,200 electronic ticketing machines on buses.

1,000 new buses were being inducted into the fleet.

Gujarat State Road Transport Corporation (GSRTC) is a public transport corporation providing busservices / Public transit within Gujarat and to the neighbouring states of Rajasthan, Madhyapradesh andMaharashtra. It also runs buses to the Union Teritories of Daman & Diu. GSRTC has total of approximately 9000 buses covering 16 divisions within the State of GujaratGSRTC has got 7,900 buses, 1,600 hoardings and 1,400 pick-up stands

strategy

"Raise your hand and take a ride" facility for so many routes.

GSRTC provides a variety of services as decribed below.

Guess how the Gujarat State Road Transport Corporation (GSRTC) department will skirt pollution normsby decentralising the Gita Mandir terminus here! And this is how The GSRTC plans to have two satelliteterminuses at Naroda and Subhash Bridge which are on the outskirts of the city.

So these buses will not have to enter Ahmedabad which is governed by the Euro III pollution norms!

Buses to and from Saurashtra side will originate and terminate at Subhash bridge while those going toNorth Gujarat will use the Naroda terminus.

The bidding process started in February 2006 and saw participation by five agencies including ChitraPublicity and Pioneer. Sambhaav will commence work on GSRTC buses from April 15 onwards. Thecontract, Vadodaria said, is till 2011.

Political gimmicks of past governments had jeopardised the fate of Gujarat State Road TransportCorporation to such an extent that presently, the corporation sustains itself by auctioning scrapbuses.

Mofussil Services : Connecting major cities, smaller towns and villages within Gujarat.

Intercity bus services : Connecting major cities - Ahmedabad, Vadodara (Baroda) and Rajkot.

Interstate bus services : Connecting various cities of Gujarat to the neighbouring states of MadhyaPradesh, Maharashtra and Rajasathan.

City services : Provides city bus services at Surat, Baroda, Rajkot, Gandhinagar-Ahmedabad within thestate of Gujarat.

Parcel Services : For transporting goods.

Over and above these bus route services GSRTC also provides special bus route services for Festivals,Industrial zones, schools and colleges, pilgrim places. GSRTC buses are available to the public throughcontractual agreements special occassions. GSRTC also offers educational trips to the students

Advantage
http://www.indiatransit.com/public_transport/http://www.indiatransit.com/public_transport/http://www.indiatransit.com/public_transport/http://www.indiatransit.com/WithinState.aspxhttp://www.indiatransit.com/StateToState.aspxhttp://www.indiatransit.com/StateToState.aspxhttp://www.indiatransit.com/public_transport/http://www.indiatransit.com/WithinState.aspxhttp://www.indiatransit.com/StateToState.aspx


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Please book your seat 15 minutes before the Bus departure time. Tickets for semi-luxury buses without conductor will be issued after the bus arrival. There is no gurantee on bus departure time. Large no. of offices to buy tickets GSRTC buses to have mobile phone facilities introduced an online bus tracking system and mobile phones in their buses tostifle competition from private bus operators Tickets will also be provided through Automatic Ticket Vending Machines

Disadvantage

Ticket cancellation money will be refunded immediately.

Gandhinagar city transit / Ghandhinagar public transportation - GujaratThe transit in Gandhinagar is provided by the Gujarat State Road Transport Corporation. There are noseparate bus services organization or corporation established just limited to Gandhinagar. Passengers cantake GSRTC bus in order to travel from one sector in gandhinagar to another sector, or to goto the other state location.Bangalore city transit / Bangalore public transportation - KarnatakaBangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation (BMTC) provides an affordable way of transit in theBangalore city. It is an undertaking of the Government of Karnataka. BMTC is the fourth biggest Public City

Transport Corporation in India, catering the needs of passengers with cost effective and reliable publictransportation Chennai city transit / Ghandhinagar public transportation - TamilnaduMetropolitan Transport Corporation (MTC) provides public transportation facility in Chennai city. It has in itsfleet about 2500+ buses carrying around 3 million passengers / commuters a day and has approximately20+ depots. MTC is known for its affordable, reliable and cost effective public transportation system withareas serving within the Chennai city.

State & City Transportation

India public transportationKarnataka State Road TransportAndhra Pradesh State Road TransportAssam State TransportGoa State Road TransportGujarat State Road TransportHimachal Pradesh Road TransportKerala State Road TransportPunjab State Road TransportMaharashtra State Road TransportRajasthan State Road TransportTamilnadu State Road TransportJammu Kashmir State Road TransportDelhi Road TransportUttar Pradesh State Road TransportMizoram State Road TransportArunachal Pradesh State Road TransportOrissa State Road TransportIndia transportation official websitesIndia transportation abbreviation

By acronym

KSRTCAPSRTCDTCGSRTCPEPSUKTCJKSRTCRSRTCAPSTSASTCBSTDCMSRTCHRTCKerala transportationMSTOSRTCSETCUPSRTCSafe transportationIndia road transportation

Types of bus run on fuels
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Biodiesel Buses Gujarat State Road Transport Corporation (GSRTC) has started using biodiesel in someGSRTC buses and the experiment has been quite successful (Gujarat is the first state tointroduce blended fuel buses which use five per cent biodiesel with 95 per cent diesel).GSRTC launched four buses running on blended fuel. The emission levels have gonedown and even the maintenance costs have reduced. Carbon monoxide levels have comedown by 20 per cent. The levels of hydro carbons are also down and smoke level has

come down by over 30 per cent. The price of biodiesel and diesel is the same. Blendedfuel can be used in existing buses without any engine modification. Biodiesel, produced

by Ankleshwar based Gujarat Oleo Chem Ltd., is supplied to GSRTC by Indian OilCorporation (IOC).

Threat

Private mini-bus operators are making roaring business by picking up passengers rightin front of the Central bus station near Astodia gate, while the authorities of GujaratState Road Transport Corporation (GSRTC) can do little about that due to legalhandicaps.

Passengers find it cheaper and faster to travel by these buses. The operators dont have to pay a passenger tax and it is here that the GSRTC is at a disadvantage against theseoperators,

Weakness

Naroda that happens to be Asias biggest government workshop. Officials add that GSRTC hasnot been able to manufacture a single new bus since last two years due to empty coffers.

History of Best

The Bombay Tramway Company Limited was formally set up in 1873. The MumbaiMunicipality was given the right to buy up the concern after the first 25 years or after every period of 7 years thereafter. After this contract was entered into between theBombay Tramway Company and the Municipality, the Government of Mumbai enactedthe Bombay Tramways Act, 1874, under which the Company was licenced to run atramway service in the city. The tram-cars were of two kinds-those drawn by one horseand those drawn by two. In 1905, a newly formed concern, The Bombay Electric Supply


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& Tramways Company Limited bought the Bombay Tramway Company and the firstelectrically operated tram-car appeared on Mumbais roads in 1907. The passing yearsaggravated the problem of rush-hour traffic and to ease the situation, double decker tramswere introduced in September, 1920.

Mumbai saw its first bus run on 15th July, 1926. The people of Mumbai received the buswith

enthusiasm, but it took quite sometime before this means of conveyance reallyestablished itself. For several years, it was looked upon as transport for the upper middleclasses. Those were the days when the tram was the poor mans transport, carried one allthe way from Sassoon Dock to Dadar for a mere anna and a half, that was nine paise. The

bus fare for the same journey was four annas, that is 25 paise.

In response to the pleas made by the Government and the Brihan MumbaiMahanagarpalika, the Company extended its services to the northern part of the city in1934. Double deck buses were introduced in 1937 in order to cope better with thegrowing traffic. The first Limited Bus service in Mumbai, and probably the first in thecountry as well, started running in 1940 between Colaba and Mahim.

Pursuant to the option given to it under the Deed of Concession granted to the BombayElectric Supply and Tramways Co.Ltd, the Brihan Mumbai Mahanagarpalika acquiredon 7th August,1947, the assets of the combined Undertaking, namely the operation of tramways and distribution of electricity in the city of Mumbai as a going concern. Bymutual agreement, the Corporation also took over the operation of the bus services,which was run by the B.E.S & T Company Ltd.

Thus, the Bombay Electric Supply and Transport Company was municipalised and cameto be known as Bombay Electric Supply & Transport Undertaking . The Undertaking hascompleted 50 years of its municipalisation on 7th August, 1997.

The city of Mumbai has grown from a small trading center 50 years ago to be rightlycalled the first commercial capital of India. In almost all spheres of human activity.Mumbai has so many firsts to its credit. Likewise the Brihan Mumbai Electric Supply& Transport Undertaking, popularly known as BEST has scored many firsts in thecountry's life and established many records.

The intricacies of Mumbais transport system can easily baffle any new comer from thecountryside. To use a figure of speech, the city inhales and exhales through the BEST

bus services. The changeover from horse driven trams to buses has been spectacular.

When the Corporation took over the Company in 1947, there were 242 buses in operationon 23 routes and these buses carried 2.38 lakh passengers per day. At present, there are3380 buses carrying 45 lakhs passengers daily on 335 routes. Special transportarrangements are made and extra buses under various Action Plans are operated duringthe year on various social/ religious occasions. The Undertakings also pays specialattention to operate extra buses to clear the stranded passenger traffic on account of dislocation of Railways, heavy rains and similar such events. The Undertaking alsooperates extra buses on Saturdays, Sundays and Holidays to clear the excursion traffic at


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various picnic points. The undertaking has been endeavouring to ease the journey of lady passengers, particularly working women by introducing Ladies First buses at various points where the ladies are given priority while boarding the bus at the starting point.

Faster clearance of traffic in the mega polis of Mumbai with less number of vehicles has been receiving attention for sometime. It is with this background that the Undertakinghas introduced Vestibule buses as a part of its fleet on the eve of Golden Jubilee. Since

these buses carry about 110 passengers each, they clear the passenger traffic faster, particularly during the peak hours.

The undertaking has been fully conscious of the alarming levels of pollution in cities.With modern and reliable technology, the Undertaking has been making constant effortsnot only to keep pollution level under control, but minimise it. Keeping this view inmind, the Undertaking has introduced CNG buses, i.e. buses run on Compressed NaturalGas in the Golden Jubilee year. CNG run buses being almost pollution free as comparedto the Diesel run buses, their introduction on Mumbai roads has proved to be a boon inthe realm of Public Transport.

The Undertaking has a well-equipped Training Center for the traffic staff and designed program to re-educate them on such relevant topics as fuel conservation, safety measures, behaviour with the public etc. Training is also imparted in Refresher Courses to improvedriving habits of the drivers under which officers check the habits of drivers constantlyand as a result of which there is a great reduction in accidents. In the Refresher Courses,the stress is on an image revamp from a mere BEST employee to a concerned individualwho cares for passenger comfort. The accident-prevention wing of the BEST has anaccident prevention van with safety slogans and equipped with instructive audio-visual programs.

As regards BESTs electric supply side, in the year 1905, the B.E.S.& T Co.Ltd.,

commenced the supply of electrical energy by erecting its own generating station with atotal capacity of 4,300 KW. This was later abandoned in favour of a station of larger capacity constructed in 1912 at Kussara Basin. This station was closed down in 1925,after which all the Companys requirements were obtained in bulk from M/s. Tata HydroElectric Power Supply Co.Ltd, With the growth of the electrical distribution system,difficulties were experienced in the maintenance of the electrical pressure within the

prescribed statutory limits. The Company than decided to establish two High VoltageReceiving Stations at Grant Road, and Apollo where large bulk supply transformers

provided with on-load tap changing equipment had to be installed for maintainingregulated voltage at the consumers premises. These two new stations were, however,actually commissioned in 1949, i.e. after the B.E.S. & T Co.Ltd., was acquired by the

Municipal Corporation.In 1947, the Undertaking supplied electricity to 1,08,241 consumers through 247 substations. Today, it caters to 8,20,000 consumers through 1,773 substations. Street lampsin those days numbered 2,215 between Colaba to Mahim and Sion. Today, it provideselectricity on streets through 34,764 street lamps. It is a well-known fact that themunicipal limits of Mumbai were extended from time to time to cover more and moresuburban areas and the BEST had to expand its bus services to cater to the entire


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municipal area. However, the electricity supply of BEST was restricted to the old cityarea which is equal to about 75 sq.kms.Nevertheless, BEST has been endeavouring togive its services to the electric consumers by way of guaranteed electric supply. Theconsumers are so used to the service that even an interruption of a few minutes isresented by them. The supply is restored within the shortest possible time as the BEST iswell-equipped with latest fault-locating and testing instruments and highly skilled staff.

The Undertaking has always been foremost in adopting technical innovations in its day today functions. One such project is that of digitisation of records of underground cables.The Undertaking has planned a digitization project where the land base and data of underground cable network, equipments, substations and loads would be digitized. Thiswould be of immense help not only in the location of cable faults which would reduceinterruption time, but also computer-aided design of electricity distribution system withminimum distribution losses. Under this programme, it is proposed to digitize 5,000kms., cable network of BEST. Presently, 800 city survey maps are updated manually toincorporate the changes regarding cable services, joints etc. This will be computerizedtotally which will help to get underground and overground information at any point in thearea of supply easily. Another important scheme is of electronic meters. There are about

9 lakh meters, most of which are electro-magnetic type. However, in view of the errorsin such meters and corresponding loss in the revenue, they are being replaced in phases by electronic meters which are more accurate.

The Undertaking has also undertaken schemes to computerize the Consumers andCommercial departments of the Electric Supply Division and to decentralize most of theconsumer/commercial services at all levels. These schemes will prove to be a boon for the consumers who will be able to solve most of the problems in connection with thegrant of new connection, additional load, redressal of other grievances in regard to high

bills, change of name etc; through a single window redressal system. This is another

important step in the Undertakings march towards ever improving heights of excellence.

punchline

Bus Transport Profile

Mumbai the capital of Maharashtra, worldwide known as the commercial capital of India,is a cluster of seven islands spread over a vast area of 430 sq.kms. It's western bordersreaching upto Dahisar and Eastern borders upto Mulund.

Significantly contributing to the industrial development of India, this city has it's'Arteries' in the form of Central and Western Railways. Not less importantly than that,BEST's Bus Service running across the vast area of Brihan Mumbai limits, can be verywell called the blood vessels of this metropolis.

Facilities Provided by BUS:-
http://www.bestundertaking.com/trans_first.asphttp://www.bestundertaking.com/trans_first.asp


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BEST believes that it has a social obligation towards the city where it has grown. As suchit is felt essential to provide concession to certain sections of society. A few schemes arelisted below.

Free Travel Facility: Presently, the BEST provides free travel facility to the freedomfighters. One person accompanying the freedom fighter is also permitted to travel free.Municipal Councilors and Non-Councilor Members of the BEST Committee are also

permitted to travel free on BEST buses. Adhoc Members of Legislative Assembly andLegislative Council, accompanied by his wife and Female Members accompanied by anyone viz. husband, son, daughter, father, mother, brother or sister are allowed to travel freeon BEST buses. Police personnel are allowed to travel free on BEST buses against an ad-hoc payment of compensation towards free travel facility by the Government of Maharashtra. This facility of free travel however is not available on Luxury and Air-Conditioned services.

Concessional Fare: Children below 12 years of age are charged concessional fare.Student studying upto Higher Secondary and upto the age of 22 years are chargedconcessional fare. Persons who are 60 % and above, permanently Orthopaedically

handicapped are charged concessional fare. Blind persons are charged a flat fare of Re.1/- per journey. Concessional fare facility is not available on Luxury and Air-ConditionedServices.

Public Cash Counters For Distribution of 5 Rupee Coins

For the benefit of general public, coins in the denominations of Rs. 5/-, in exchange of notes in the denominations of Rs.50/- or Rs.100. are made available by the Undertaking,at all the Depots. The timings for this are 10.00hrs to 15.00 hrs, on all working days.

Special Counters are also opened at the following places for the same:

. Bandra Bus Station (West)

. Andheri Bus Station (West)

. Agarkar Chowk Bus Station, Andheri (East)

Reservation of Seats: The BEST has reserved 3 seats for handicapped person , 2 seatsfor Senior Citizens and 6 seats for lady passengers in the Single Decker buses. In theDouble Decker buses it has reserved 3 seats each for lady passengers and handicapped

persons and 2 seats for Senior Citizens.

Front Door Entry: The BEST have permitted physically and mentally handicapped

persons, senior citizens, and expectant mothers to board the bus from the front door except at starting point.

Passenger Refund Claims: In case the conductor does not have enough change to returnthe balance of the passenger, he writes on the back of the ticket the amount of balancedue and authenticates the same. Such a ticket is treated as a receipt by the BEST. The

passenger can claim the balance amount from Ticket & Cash Department, head office atWadala after producing the ticket.


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Disaster Management: In the event of disruption of rail services the BEST operatesadditional buses in the area of disruption. Timely actions are taken with the help of our communication system.

Lost Property: The lost property section of the Transport Division is in existence prior to the municipalisation of the BEST Undertaking in the year 1947. Initially the Lost

Property section was at Colaba Depot, Transport House and it was subsequently shiftedto 2nd floor of Wadala Depot, Administrative Building with effect from 01/02/1980. As per Act 132(4) of Bombay Motor Vehicle Rules 1959 (New rule 122 of MaharshtraMotor Vehicles Rules 1989), the Lost Properties were required to be handed over to thePolice Department, However the BEST Undertaking has been exempted from the

provision of rule 132(4), and therefore all such articles are deposited in the Lost PropertySection of the Undertaking vide notification issued by Home Department NoMVR.1859/69814-XII date 07.10.1959. The working of the Lost Property Section isgiven below:

The articles found by the conductor or any other member of staff in the bus or in the premises of the Undertaking are handed over to the nearest Bus Terminus Starter, whosent it to the concerned Depot. These articles are then forwarded to the Lost PropertySection. On receipt of such articles from Depots to Lost Property Section the same areentered in the register maintained for the purpose, after bifurcating them as per their category.

Whenever any claimant approaches immediately to the Bus terminus / Bus Chowkey where the article is deposited, then the articles are issued to the claimant by the officer onduty after due verification and taking necessary charges as per the administrative order.

The particulars of charges to be recovered as per Administrative Order Number 304 dated 06/02/2003 from claimant are as under:

Registration Charges For Outside Parties For EmployeesFor Cash and Sundry Articles Rs.10/- Rs.5/-

For Valuable and SemiValuable Articles Rs.50/- Rs.25/-

Storage charges are only applicable for cash deposited and collected only after 3 days from the date of lost.

Storage Charges For Outside Parties For EmployeesFor Cash Deposited Upto

Rs.100/-

Rs.3/- Per Day, Maximum

Rs.10/-50% concession

For Cash Deposited FromRs.101/- to Rs.500/-

12/% of the Cash andMaximum of Rs.60/- 50% concession





For Cash Deposited above 12/% of the Cash and 50% concession


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Rs.5001/- Maximum of Rs.750/-

Whenever any claimant approaches Lost Property Section at Wadala Depot, the articles are issued only after confirming the Identity and genuineness of claimant onverification of residential proof such as ration card, passport, election voting identity cardor driving license of the claimant. In case of higher amount or valuable ornaments, theclaimant has to obtain No Objection Certificate from concerned police authorities. After

verification and receiving necessary charges, articles are handed over to the claimant.Traffic outdoor staff has been strictly prohibited from handing over any Lost Property

articles directly to the claimant. However, the concerned Traffic Officers can issue sucharticles at the Depots after satisfying themselves as to the authenticity of the claimant andcharging necessary charges as applicable.

The cash or valuable articles (Gold or Silver Ornaments) received in the Lost Property Section is kept in the section for one month, and there after deposited at theUndertaking Cash department for safe custody. In case of foreign currency deposited inthe Lost Property section the same is deposited with our Cash Department at Dadar for further disposal.

Perishable articles such as vegetables, ready food etc is disposed off on the same day

at the depots by auction in the presence of Traffic Officers. The other perishable articlessuch as sugar, tea powder, oil, and talcum powder etc are kept for 10 days in the LostProperty section and then disposed off, by auction in the presence of officers, and auditor.Medicines are kept for one month and then disposed off. Unclaimed lost property articles(Semi valuable, and sundry) are sent to Oshiwara Scrap yard after one month for further disposal by way of auction.

A letter of appreciation is issued to the member of staff who deposits lost property articles. If the value of the article deposited is Rs.2000/- or more then the concernedmember of staff is recommended for cash reward / appreciation letter to be given onBEST Din.

AUTOMATIC FARE COLLECTION SYSTEM

BEST has already implemented the Automatic Fare Collection System throughContactless SMARTCARDS, on its Special Routes in the CBD Area in South Mumbai.This scheme is being implemented as a pilot project, with the help of M/s A little

world. BEST is planning to introduce this system on its entire operational network .

COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS BUS

The demand for petroleum products in India has been increasing at a rate higher than theincrease in domestic availability. At the same time there is continuous pressure on

emission control through periodically tightened regulations particularly for metropolitancities. In the wake of this situation there is an urgent need to promote use of alternativefuel as substitute for HSD. Among the options Compressed Natural Gas has received agreat deal of attention and has been already applied successfully to some of the BEST

buses (first time in India). The BEST is planning to increase the strength of CNG buses inits fleet.

CNG can be used in the existing SI/CI engines with minor modifications.


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In a move to aid commuter convenience, and to mitigate its cash handling pains, BEST,'Mumbai's Lifeline' has adopted a new alternative method of paying for bus fares. From19th November 2004, Route Special 8 plying from Churchgate to World Trade Centrehas started accepting contact-less smart cards for Automatic Fare Collection in BEST

buses. The multi-application card system is called "GO Mumbai". The Phase 1 of thesystem will cover about 760 buses by middle of 2005.

The project is additionally supported by Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited(HPCL), ICICI Bank and is implemented by a Consortium of companies led byA.Little.World Private Limited. The principal technology provider for the system is ERGTransit Systems, the global leader in this field. ERG has implemented similar AutomatedFare Collection systems in Singapore and HongKong and a number of other cities in US,Europe and Australia, where ERG is based. HongKong's Octopus system implemented byERG is the world's largest AFC system with 8 million cards in active use and about 8 - 10million transactions performed every day. The devices are manufactured indigenously in

India in technical collaboration with ERG.

Fare Collection Devices will be installed at the entry and exit doors of BEST buses. The

cardholder will present the GO card to this device at the start of the journey by touchingit to the device or bringing it within a few centimeters of the device. The card can even bekept in the wallet and the wallet can be touched to the device. The proximity between thecard and the device is to be maintained for less than half a second. If the card is valid andhas balance, the device will give an audible beep, a green light, and display ENTRYVALID sign and show the present balance on the card. The same process will have to berepeated at the end of the journey at the exit. The fare will be calculated automatically,

deducted from the card and balance after deduction will be displayed to the user .

The stage changes for automatic and accurate computation of the bus location will becarried out automatically in this high-tech system through the satellite based Global

Position System, which is implemented in each bus carrying the GO system. In addition,a wireless system automatically downloads the bus data carrying the daily paymentdetails to the depot computer when the bus enters the depot at the end of the shift.

A Bus Control Unit is installed next to the driver for easy management of the system.

This cashless ticket payment system will reduce BEST's costs of printing paper ticketsand handling literally tones of small coins and notes every day. The system will reducethe load on overworked conductors, and provide BEST greater flexibility in farestructuring in the future. For commuters it provides a clear value of everydayconvenience of not having to deal with small notes and coins or not having exact change

to pay for a bus ticket.ON LINE TICKET ACCOUNTING SYSTEM

To reduce the workload and smoothen the system of collecting and counting trafficearnings at Depots, this system is implemented.


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System ConceptThis system is designed to accept the money from the conductors across the counter. Inthe beginning of the day the conductor is issued a pre-printed ticket memo (Way Bill).The opening serial numbers of the ticket blocks are printed on the respective conductorsticket memo. At the end of the day the amount of sale of ticket is accepted at the counter

after processing the closing serial numbers. The transaction data is updated accordingly.

INTEGRATED NETWORK SYSTEM

To maintain uniformity in the operational level working of the depots, Local Area Network system is installed at the depots.

The Online Ticket Account System will be inter linked with this system for faster communication of the information.

ROUTE NETWORK INFORMATION THROUGH MOBILE PHONES

The users of Reliance and TATA mobile services can now get the information of our

entire route network on their mobile phones. The Undertaking has teamed-up with thesetwo mobile service providers for helping its esteemed commuters, to reach to their desired locations.

TRAINING

Training is given to the end users, to carry out day to day activities on the applicationsoftware systems.

oppor in population natural increase and migration from rural areas

TRANSPORTATION GÇô BUS

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