Travel Pattern and Management

Chapter 4

Name RollKhadiza Noor 55Aaqib Md. Shatil 87Cynthia Islam 101Zakia Shabnam Maria 27Poly Talukder 47

Group “Liberty”

Travel & Tourism is the largest industry to fulfill the demand of whole world

Its economic contribution measured in terms of investment, employment, balance of payment

There is also increasing concern about the effect of tourism on the global environment, in terms of use of energy and water supplies; impact of global warming; and damage to marine environment and ecosystem of destination developed as a major tourism resort.

This sector has different segments which is shown in the figure 1.1

Introduction

The Five Main Sector of Travel & Tourism

Inbound Tourism •Travelling to a country of residents of other countries

Outbound Tourism •Residents of a country travelling to others country

Domestic Tourism •Residents of a country traveling to own country

Overview of Travel & Tourism Demand

People who travel to and stay in countries other than their country of residence for less than one year

Most important market sector as they spend more and stay longer , use more expensive transportation and accommodation & bring more foreign currency which contributes to a destination’s balance of payments

It has grown strongly since 1950sIt is widely experienced in Northern Europe

Internationl Tourism

People who travel and stay overnight within the boundaries of their own country

Now a days domestic tourism is increasing at a high scale

It is estimated that 90% of the citizen experiences same day tourism frequently

But getting the actual number domestic tourism is very difficult to measure because people hardly remember the number of trips they made in a certain period of time

Most of the time this type of tourism is formed for business, religious, education, social and health purpose

Domestic Tourism

Tourism necessarily covers all relevant aspects of travel Travel can be defined as a visit with purpose and tourism is a visit

for pleasure with all traveling components Both travel and tourism has three componentsi. Activities outside routine workii. Transportation for destinationsiii. Focused destination Five important points should be noted in relation to the

definition1. Overnight stay or same day visit2. Visit for leisure, pleasure , sports, religious, social , business

activities3. Tourism include elements of travel4. Includes so many recreational activities5. Temporary trips including few hours or nights

Working definition of Travel & Tourism

The Systematic Links Between Demand & Supply, & Influence of Marketing

Visitors• Travelers who

fall within agreed definition

Tourist• Staying visitors• Stay overnight

at a destination

Excursionist• Same day

visitors• Who arrive and

depart the destitution on the same day

Overview of Travel & Tourism Demand

Travel Through The AgesEarly TravelPleasure TravelTravel in Ancient IndiaCaravan and Trade RoutesThe Middle AgeThe Renaissance and the Grand TourSpasSeaside ResortsThe Industrial Revolution

Early Travel In the nomadic stage, man moved from one

location to another and migrated to new places and countries for greater comfort.

In olden feudal societies, travel was primarily related to

Trade Military Conquest Performance of rites

Travel Through The Ages

Pleasure Travel People is ancient days were compelled by the

innate human desire to explore the surroundings, discover the unknown and seek new experiences.

Curiosity, health, sports, knowledge made them travel for pleasure.

Pleasure travel was a pastime of the Romans.

Travel Through The Ages

Travel Through The AgesTravel in Ancient India Travel for religious and business purposes was a

significant feature of Indian life. Ancient Indian Travel was fostered by Institution of pilgrimage Trade Commerce Desire for cultural contacts

Travel Through The AgesThe Middle Age Religious motive gave a special boost to travel Pilgrimages have always been a great motivation

for travel Some sort of law and order was restored during

this age, eleventh century precisely Medieval churches were instrumental in education

and information on travel

Travel Through The AgesRenaissance and the Grand Tour Navigations and discoveries of late 15th and early

16th centuries changed the outlook of men, stirred curiosity and broadened horizons.

Italy became the cultural centre of Europe this time.

Travel became the means of self improvement and education. Such educational tours are known as Grand Tour.

The Nature & Concepts of Tourism

The concept of travel generally denotes the movement of people. It is common practice to

use the words “Travel” & “Tourism” either singly or in combination to describe Three types of

concepts :A) the movement of people

B) A sector of economy or & industryC)A broad system of interacting relationship of

people .

Concept of Tourism

This three elements constitute the essential conditions for the existence of the phenomenon of tourism :

1) Man (the human element) 2) Space ( the physical element) 3) Time (the temporal element)

Concept (Continued)

Concept of Tourism is characterized by a) a movement of people b) the movement of temporary nature c) It gives rise to activities at the destination d) the main motive for participation in tourism is

largely recreation e) lastly, tourism, in the pure sense , is essentially a

pleasure activity .

Travel MotivationsThe motivation for tourism is such a factor that stimulates a tourist to travel outside his/her residential area for pleasure, health, business and so on.Now we know…..

Why people leave their home area?

Why do tourist travel?

Why people participate in Tourism?

Travel Motivations (Continue…….)

Different scholars have expressed different views why people travel…….

Gray's view

Lundberg's view

Robinson's view

MASLOW'S VIEW

Travel Motivations (Continue…….)According to Gray…………..Two basic and distinct reasons for pleasure travel can be conceived:i. Wanderlustii. SunlustWanderlust: wanderlust is the basic trait in human nature which causes some individuals to want to leave things with which they are familiar and to go and see at first hand different existing cultures and places.Sunlust: sunlust generate a special type of travel which depends upon the existence elsewhere of different on better amenities for a specific purpose. It centers generally around the lure of the sun, sand and sea.To sum up, in case of sunlust travel, the tourist visits one country, seeks domestic amenities and accommodations and travel is a minor consideration after arrival at a destination. On the other hand, wanderlust is generally multicounty; travelers seek different cultures, institutions and cuisine. The wanderlust leads to relatively more international travel and tourist business

Travel Motivations (Continue…….)According to Lundberg’s view……..Lundberg has listed 18 motivations under 4 groups which are considered to be most important in causing people to travel. These are:Educational and cultural motives1. To see how people in other countries live, work and play.2. To see particular sight.3. To gain a better understanding of what goes on in the news.4. To attend special growth.Relaxation and pleasure5. To get away from everyday routine.6. To have a good time.7. To achieve some sort of romantic experience.

Travel Motivations (Continue…….)Ethnic8. To visit places one’s family came from.9. To visit places one’s family or friends have gone to.Other10. Weather 11. Health12. Sports13. Economy14. Adventure15. Conformity16. One-upmanship17. To participate in history18. Sociological motives

Travel Motivations (Continue…….)Robinson’s view…….1. The main reasons for people to engage in tourism, according to Robinson are:2. Relaxation and refreshment of body and mind3. Health4. Pleasure5. Curiosity and culture6. Interpersonal reasons7. Spiritual purpose and8. Profession and business reasonsAccording to Maslow’s need theory………The relation between travel motivations and Maslow’s need theory has been stressed by Mill and Morision and travel is viewed as a need satisfier. Maslow’s need hierarchy order is:9. Psychological: hunger, thirst, rest activity.10. Safety: security, freedom from fear and anxiety.

Travel Motivations (Continue…….)3. Belonging and life: affection, giving and receiving love.4. Esteem: self-esteem and esteem from other.5. Self-actualization: personal self-fulfillment.

Two intellectual needs were later added to the original list. These are:6. To know and understand: acquiring knowledge.7. Aesthetics: appreciation of beauty.Mill and Morison have shown that the 36 travel motivations listed in travel literature can fit into Maslow’s hierarchy of needs model.

Travel Through The AgesIndustrial RevolutionIn later 18th century, significant changes were brought.Number of holidays were lessened. A large and prosperous middle class was created.

Factors of modern tourism are Social Prestige and Pleasure Spas and Resorts Education Improved transportation Relief from workday routine Exhilaration and relaxation

tourism is a generic term which includes several types of travel and stay depending upon the motivations that impel people to move from one place to another. People travel for various reasons and the main purpose of travel determines the form of tourism.

Domestic tourism :The travel by people, outside their normal domicile to other areas within their own country constitutes domestic or internal tourism.

International tourism: International tourism involves the movements of people between different countries in the world.

Intra-regional and inter-regional tourism: Intra-regional tourism refers to tourist flows between countries of the new region. Inter-regional tourism involves tourist flow from one region to another country in another WTO region.

Forms of tourism

Holiday tourism: According to the purpose of the visit a broad distinction is made between holiday business and common interest tourism. Holiday takes many forms such as: 1) recreational tourism 2) health tourism 3)sports tourism4)cultural tourism the holiday tourists have a freedom of choice about where to go and to a greater or lesser extent when to go.

Forms of tourism

Business travel: Business travel refers to journeys undertaken in the context of a person's professional activities. Business travel is a valuable part of the tourism industry since the business tourist is a higher spender than the holiday maker. the business related tourism market segment are broadly categorized under a) regular business travel b) business travel related to convention, conference and meetings c) incentive travel.

Forms of tourism

Common interest tourism:

Common interest tourism includes visitors who travel for specific purpose and objectives other than that of holiday and business .it includes visits of friends and relatives or for study health religion and other miscellaneous purposes.

Other forms of tourism: Tourism is also distinguished according to the number of people who participants in it. Some other form of tourism are given below a) individual tourism b) group tourism c) social tourism d) youth tourism

 

Forms of tourism