Potential for Biofuels for Transport in Developing Countries
Transport systems and climate change in developing countries
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Briding the Gap 2010 Expert Workshop
Climate Change and Development in
the Transport Sector
Transport systems and climate change in
developing countries
Hilda Martínez SalgadoJune 8, 2010
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EMBARQ Network
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Catalyze sustainable mobility solutions in
order to improve the Quality of Life in
Mexican cities.
CTS Mexico Mission
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A successful low carbon urban transport system involves…
• Low travel times and costs for people and goods
• Equal access to urban life opportunities (social services, education, health, recreation)
• Adequate support to desired form, size and density of the city-region
• Limited impact on the environment: air/noise pollution; CO2 emissions
• Reduced impact on public health: injuries, fatalities, respiratory disease, obesity
London, England
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However, things are not as bad as we think…
Mexico City modal split
This implies a huge challenge, when what you have is the opposite…
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However, things are not as bad as we think…
Mexico City modal split
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And city population in developing countries increases…
Source: United Nations Population Division, World Urbanization Prospects, The
2005 Revision
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and also…
• Number of vehicles increases faster than population following economic development
Source: Lee Schipper, University of California at Berkeley, 2009
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The number of motor vehicles is growing twice as fast as the population in India – mainly two wheelers (71%)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2004
Thousands
Total M2W Cars Buses Goods
Source: O.P. Agarwal and S. Zimmerman “Towards Sustainable Mobility in Urban India”, Presented in the Annual TRB Meeting, Washington
D.C. January 2008
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And Mexico is showing similar trend for vehicles and SUVs (2009- 2030)
Source: Low Carbon Development for Mexico study, CTS-World Bank 2008
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Transport GHG emissions 1990-2030
Source: International Energy Agency, 2009
0
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2
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9
1990 2007 2020 2030
Rest of the World
India Transport
China Transport
OECD + Transport
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Transport Emissions in Developed countries experience
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Mexico (and developing countries) experience
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What to do? Change in paradigm :
Pedestrian and Bicycles
Public Transportation
Transit Oriented Development
Disincentives to Car Use
Cleaner fuels and vehicles
Source: http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/images/sidewalks/ps_rendering01.JPG
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Promote
Sustainable
Transport
Systems
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Transit-oriented
development aims
to create easy
connections to
where people
work, live and play
in a city.
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The key to
solving the
problem is
getting people
out of their cars
and into mass
transit.
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Promote cleaner
fuels and
cleaner
technology
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It is possible for any city to transform itself into a sustainable city…
Bogotá, Colombia, 1998
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It is possible for any city to transform itself into a sustainable city…
Bogotá, Colombia 1998
Bogotá, TransMilenio, 84 Km median
busways, 1,6 million pax/day
Initial Corridor 2000
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Bogotá has applied integrated policies for sustainable transport
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Fuentes: EncuestaAnual “Bogotá ¿CómoVamos?” www.eltiempo.com;
Total Public
Transport
Traditional
Public
Transport
TransMilenio
BRTS
Private (Car,
Two Wheeler)
Active Transport
(Walking, Bicycle)
Main mode of transport 1998-2009 (Bogotá, Colombia)
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Megabús, 27 Km Busways, 155,000 pax/day
Initial Operation in 2006
Pereira, Colombia
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27 Km busways
130,000 pax/day
Initial Operation in 2009
Cali, Colombia
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45 Km BRT System
450,000 passengers per day
Reduce time travel in 30%
Metrobus, México City
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Macrobús, Guadalajara, México
Macrobús, Guadalajara, México
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16 Km, 27 Stations, 41 Articulated Buses + 103 Feeder Buses
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Launched in
September 2007,
Istanbul’s bus rapid
transit corridor
is now one of
the most heavily
traveled BRT lines
in the world.
Istanbul, Turkey
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Delhi's new
bus corridor
meets its key
objectives,
but there is
still room for
improvement.
Delhi, India
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Bangalore
is poised to
become the
"cycling capital
of India."
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However, Financial, institutional, physical resources are constrained
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Mexico policies toward a low carbon sustainable transport
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National Strategy on Climate Change
Is a effort of the Federal Government to reflects its commitment in relation to climate change and identify opportunities in mitigation and adaptation.
It proposed specific actions, policies and strategies as a basis for developing a Special Program on Climate Change.
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Special Program on Climate Change (PECC)The objectives in PECC represent opportunities to promote:
• environmental sustainability,
• strengthening the competitiveness of production processes and
• improve quality of life for next generations
• 4 main components:
Long term vision
Mitigation
Adaptation
Transversal policies
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• Implementation by 2012, could mitigate 50 million ton of CO2e (baseline year 2000)
• Sectors involve:
– Generation and use of energy
– Agriculture and land use
– Waste
• Mexico voluntary commitments to reduce GHG:– 30% by 2020
– 50% by 2050
PECC Targets
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GHG reductions goals for 2012 by category
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Transport measures in PECC to reduce GHG emissions
• Energy efficiency
• Reduce energy consumption in freight and passenger transport
• Vehicle scrapping and renovation
• Road Infrastructure
• Freight rail infrastructure
• Federal Mass Transit program
• Suburban transport systems
• Improve fishing fleets
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Federal Mass Transit Program (PROTRAM)
Support cities in Support cities in developing Mass
Transit Investment Projects with high social justification
Objectives:
Support Projects that are Integral to
Sustainable Mobility
Support Projects that are Integral to
Sustainable Mobility Plans
Complement Local Complement Local Government investment &
maximize private investment
Strengthen local Strengthen local institutions in urban transport planning,
regulation & management.
The Federal Government under the framework of
Fondo Nacional de Infraestructura (FONADIN ) in BANOBRAS
Developed through the Ministry of Finance with World Bank assistance
the Federal Mass Transit Program (PROTRAM )
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It is possible to achieve sustainable transport
• Strong integrated policies that give real priority to mass transport• Integration of all modes in urban and inter-urban travel • Avoid carbon intensive development by integrating land use and mass transport• Incorporate Transport demand management • Use cleaner technologies and push for better energy efficiency in cars• Financing for low carbon transport