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Transport in New ZealandFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Highways, rail lines and an inter-island ferry in central Wellington

Transport in New Zealand, with its mountainous topography and a relatively small populationmostly located near its long coastline, has always faced many challenges. Before Europeansarrived, Mori either walked or used watercraft on rivers or along the coasts. !ater on, Europeanshipping and railways revolutionised the way of transporting goods and people, "efore "eingthemselves overtaken "y road and air, which are nowadays the dominant forms of transport.However, "ulk freight still continues to "e transported "y coastal shipping and "y rail transport, andthere are attempts to #re$introduce pu"lic transport as a ma%or transport mode in the largerpopulation centres.

Historically very car-dependent, as of &'(', transport funding in )ew *ealand is still heavilydominated "y money for road pro%ects+the )ational government proposes to spend &( "illion onroading infrastructure after &'(&, yet only '. "illion on other transport pro%ects #pu"lic transport,walking and cycling$. his has "een criticised "y opponents of the current government strategy asirresponsi"le, in light of increasing fuel prices and congestion. /(0 1overnment has claimed that theirpriority on roads is in line with )ew *ealanders2 favoured travel modes, and as "eing the mostpromising in terms of economic "enefits. /citation needed 0

Contents

  /hide0 

• (3oad transport

o (.(History

o (.&)etwork

o (.45peed limits

o (.63oad safety

o (.7Funding

o (.89ehicle fleet

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o (.:assenger services

o (.;<ycling

• &3ail transport

o &.()etwork

o &.&=perators and services

o &.4Heritage

• 4Water transport

o 4.(>nternational shipping

o 4.&<oastal shipping

o 4.4Ferry services

o 4.6:orts and har"ours

o 4.7Merchant marine fleet

• 6?ir transport

o 6.(?irports

o 6.&With paved runways

o 6.4With unpaved runways

o 6.6Heliports

o 6.7?irlines

• 7:ipelines

• 85ee also

•)otes

• ;3eferences

• @EAternal links

Road transport/edit0

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 ? "ullock wagon in the <anter"ury region in the (;;'s. heir tracks later often formed the first roads.

5tate Highway ( in 5outh ?uckland.

he state highway network is the principal road infrastructure connecting )ew *ealand ur"ancentres. >t is administered "y the )ew *ealand ransport ?gency. he ma%ority of smaller or ur"anroads are managed "y city or district councils, although some fall under the control of otherauthorities, such as the )ew *ealand epartment of <onservation or port and airport authorities.

)ew *ealand has left-hand traffic on its roads.

History/edit0

Before Europeans arrived, Mori either walked or used watercraft on rivers or along the coasts. heroad network of )ew *ealand has its origins in these tracks and paths used "y Mori and later "yEuropeans in their early travels through )ew *ealand. 5everal ma%or Mori tracks were known, suchas the western coastal track was used along the whole length of the )orth >sland, and the track onthe East <oast, which left the coast near <astlepoint and re%oined it near )apier . >n the 5outh >sland,another ma%or track eAisted down the east coast with tri"utary tracks following streams up to themountain passes to the West <oast./&0 Mountains, swamp, and dense "ush made inland routes trickyto traverse, and early settlers also made use of "eaches as roads, for walking, riding horses, andherding sheep./40 Many farms had access via "eaches only, and "eaches were used as runways forplanes./40 5ome "eaches are still used "y planes, for eAample at =karito and on the west coastof 5tewart >sland.

>nitial roads, such as the 1reat 5outh 3oad southwards from ?uckland, were often "uilt "y the British

 ?rmy to move troops, and were constructed to a comparatively high standard./&0 Early sheep farmingreCuired few high-standard roads, "ut the strong increase in dairy farming in the late (@th centurycreated a strong demand for "etter links on which the more perisha"le goods could "e transported tomarket or towards ports for eAport./&0 >n many cases, later roads for motor vehicles follow paths used"y "ullock carts/60 which followed tracks made for humans. hese in turn in some cases "ecamehighways + with attendant pro"lems all over )ew *ealand #"ut especially in the more mountainousregions$, as the geography and contours of a slow-speed road laid out in the first half of the &'thcentury usually do not conform to safety and comfort criteria of modern motor vehicles. /70

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Early road construction was "oth hindered and helped "y rail transport during the first half century ofEuropean settlement. ?uthorities were reluctant to eApend large amounts of capital on more difficultsections of a route where there was a hope that a railway might instead "e "uilt. However, whererailways were constructed, roads often either preceded them for construction or Cuickly followed itwhen the newly accessi"le land started to "e settled more closely./&0

he )ew *ealand highway system was eAtended massively after World War >>. he first motorwaywas "uilt in the environs of Wellington and opened in (@7', "etween akapu 3oad and Dohnsonville./80 Following heavy investment in road construction from the (@7's onwards, pu"lic transportpatronage fell nationwide. his has "een descri"ed, in ?uckland2s case, as one of the mostspectacular declines in pu"lic transport patronage of any developed city in the world. /0

Network/edit0

)ew *ealand has a state highway network of (',;@7 km #7,@6 km in the )orth >sland and 6,@&( kmin the 5outh >sland, as of ?ugust &''8$ of which (' km are motorways. hese link to ;&,''' km oflocal authority roads, "oth paved and unpaved. he state highways carry 7' of all )ew *ealandroad traffic, with the motorways alone carrying @ of all traffic #even though they represent only 4of the whole state highway network, and even less of the whole road network$./;0/@0

Speed limits/edit0#see also 5peed limits in )ew *ealand$ he maAimum speed limit on the open road is ('' kmGh forcars and motorcycles, with 7' kmGh the common limit in residential areas. 5peed limits of (' to@' kmGh are also used in increments of (' kmGh, and the posted speed limit may "e more than theallowed speed limit for a particular vehicle type./('0 5peeds are often reduced to 4' kmGh "esideroadworks.

:rivate landowners may set their own speed limits, for eAample 7 kmGh, although these are notenforced "y police of road authorities.

he !and ransport 3ule 5etting of 5peed !imits #&''4$ allows road controlling authorities to setenforcea"le speed limits, including permanent speed limits, of less than 7' kmGh on roads withintheir %urisdiction./citation needed 0 However, there are still very few areas of the country2s road network withpermanent speed limits "elow 7' kmGh./citation needed 0

Road safety/edit0

otal road deaths in )ew *ealand are high "y developed country standards. &'(' figures from the>nternational ransport Forum placed )ew *ealand &7th out of 44 surveyed countries in terms ofroad deaths per capita, a rank that has changed little in 4' years./((0he fatality rate per capita istwice the level of 1ermany2s, or that of the Inited Jingdom, 5weden or the )etherlands #&'('comparison$./(&0 his is variously "lamed on aggressive driving, insufficient driver training, old andunsafe cars, inferior road design and construction, and a lack of appreciation of the skill andresponsi"ility reCuired to safely operate a motor vehicle./((0/(40

>n &'(', 47 2road users2 were killed in )ew *ealand, while (6,'4( were in%ured, with (7- to &6-year-olds the group at highest risk. he three most common vehicle movements resulting in death orin%ury were head-on collisions #while not overtaking$, loss of control #on straight$ and loss ofcontrol #while cornering$./(60 >n terms of deaths per (',''' population, the most dangerous areaswere the Waitomo istrict #(&( deaths$ and the MackenKie istrict #(('$. !arger cities werecomparatively safe, with ?uckland <ity#&;$, Wellington #&&$ and <hristchurch #&;$,while unedin had a higher rate of 64./(70

)ew *ealand has a large num"er of overseas drivers #tourists, "usiness, students and newimmigrants$, as well as renting campervansGmotorhomesG392s during the )ew *ealand summer.=verseas licensed drivers are significantly more likely to "e found at fault in a collision in which they

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are involved #88.@$, compared to fully licensed )ew *ealand drivers #7(.@$, and only slightly lesslikely to "e found at fault than restricted #novice$ )ew *ealand drivers #8;.@$. /(80

runk driving is a ma%or issue in )ew *ealand, especially among young drivers. )ew *ealand hasrelatively low penalties for drunk driving. >n the late &'''s, reports indicated that the rate of drunkdriving "y under &'s in ?uckland had risen in three years, with similar increases in the rest ofthe country. Many drunk drivers already had convictions for previous drunk driving. /(0

he road toll has decreased over the 7 years from 6&( in &'' to &;6 in &'((/(;0

>n the 25afer Dourneys2 5trategy, intended to guide road safety developments "etween &'(' and&'&', the Ministry of ransport aims for a 2safe systems2 approach, prioritised four areas, "eing>ncreasing the safety of young drivers, 3educing alcoholGdrug impaired driving, 5afe roads androadsides and >ncreasing the safety of motorcycling./(&0

Funding/edit0

Historically, most roads in )ew *ealand were funded "y local road authorities #often road "oards$who derived their income from local rates. ?s the need for new roads was often most urgent in thoseparts of the country where little rate income could yet "e collected, the funding was at least partlydependent on national-level su"sidies, for which much lo""ying was undertaken. /&0 Many acts and

ordinances were passed in the first decades of the colony, "ut lack of funds and parochialism #thedesire to spend locally raised money locally, rather than use it to link different provinces$ hinderedthe growth of the road network. his lack of larger-scale planning eventually led to increased pu"licworks powers given to the <entral 1overnment. /(@0

oday, all funding for state highways and around 7' of funding for local roads comes directly fromroad users through the )ational !and ransport Fund. 3oad user revenue directed to the fundincludes all fuel eAcise duty on !:1 and <)1, around 77 of revenue from fuel eAcise duty onpetrol, all revenue from road user charges #a prepaid distanceGweight licence that all vehicles over4.7 tonnes, and all non petrolG!:1G<)1 vehicles are lia"le to pay$ and most non- ?<< revenue frommotor vehicle registration and licensing fees. >n addition, in the last three years the government hasincreasingly allocated additional funds to land transport, to the eAtent that today the total eApenditure"y the )ew *ealand ransport ?gency on land transport pro%ects eAceeds road taA revenue

collected./when?0

 he remainder of funding for local city and district roads primarily comes from localauthority property rates.

 ?s of &'(', transport funding in )ew *ealand is still heavily "iased towards road pro%ects + the)ational government proposes to spend &( "illion on roading infrastructure after &'(&, yet only'. "illion on other transport pro%ects #pu"lic transport, walking and cycling$. his has "eencriticised "y opponents of the current government strategy as irresponsi"le, in light of increasing fuelprices and congestion./(0 1overnment has claimed that their priority on roads is in line with )ew*ealanders2 favoured travel modes, and as "eing the most promising in terms of economic "enefits./citation needed 0

Vehicle fleet/edit0

>mported cars on ?uckland wharf 

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=ne of the earliest countsGestimates of motor vehicles in )ew *ealand had them at ;&,''' in (@&7.his soon increased to (',''' on the eve of World War >> in (@4@, continuing to 6&7,''' in (@74and increasing to (,''',''' in (@(./&'0 oday, the )ew *ealand vehicle fleet #as of ecem"er &'(($counts 4.&6 million vehicles. =f the fleet, &.8' million were light passenger vehicles, '.4; millionwere light commercial vehicles, '.(( million were trucks, .''; million were "uses and .(( millionwere motorcycles and mopeds. he mean age of a )ew *ealand car #as of end of &'(($ was (4.&

years, with trucks at (7.( years./&(0

Dust over half of the light passenger vehicles first registered in )ew *ealand are used imports. >n&'(4 new car registrations were up on &'(& to ;&,&47 sold, with used vehicle sales up to@;,@(./&&0

 ?t the &'(4 )ew *ealand <ensus, @&.( percent of households reported owning at least one carL4.8 percent reported owning one car, 4;.6 percent reported as owning two cars, and (8.( percentreported owing three or more cars. <ar ownership was highest in the asman 3egion #@7.@ percent$and lowest in the Wellington 3egion #;;.4 percent$./&40

Passenger serices/edit0Main article: Public transport in New Zealand 

ransport "y "us services form the main component of pu"lic transport services in )ew *ealandcities, and the country also has a network of long-distance "us or coach services, augmented "ydoor-to-door inter-city shuttle vans, a type of  shared taAi.

he first widespread motor vehicle services were shared taAi services termed service carsL asignificant early provider was ?ard, operating elongated Hudson 5uper-5iA <oaches./&60 By (@&'

 ??3 covered most of the )orth >sland and even provided transport for the:rince of Wales./&70 By(@&6 the services covered even more areas. /&80 ?ard was taken over "y )ew *ealand 3ailways 3oad5ervices in (@&;./&60 he road fleet of )ew *ealand 3ailways <orporation was privatised in (@@( withthe long-distance "usiness still eAisting as >nter<ity, having more recently incorporated NewmansCoachlines. ?nother former eAtensive coach "usiness was Mount <ook !andlines, which closed inthe (@@'s./citation needed 0 >nternet-"ased naked"us.com is "uilding another nationwide network, partly as areseller of several smaller "us operators2 capacity./&0/&;0

>ntercity and ourism Holdings !td are significant sightseeing G tourism coach operators.Cycling/edit0

<ycling conditions on !ake 3oad,)orth 5hore <ity, prior to the introduction of cycle lanes in the &'''s. 5uch

perceived or actual safety issues discourage many )ew *ealanders from cycling. /&@0

Main article: Cycling in New Zealand 

While relatively popular for sport and recreation, "icycle use is a very marginal commuting mode,with the percentage share hovering around ( in many ma%or cities, and around & nationwide#&'''s figures$. his is primarily due to safety fears. For instance ?uckland 3egional ransport

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 ?uthority reports that over half of ?ucklanders "elieve it is usually unsafe, or always unsafe, tocycleN./&@0

he high risk to "icycle users is due to a num"er of factors. Motorists tend to eAhi"it hostile attitudestowards "icycle riders./4'0 Bicycles are classed as 2vehicles2, a transport class legally o"liged to usethe road, forcing "icycle users to mingle with heavy and fast-moving motor vehiclesL only postalworkers are legally permitted to ride on footpaths./4(0 Bicycle infrastructure and the standardsunderpinning "icycle infrastructure planning are poor and "icycles receive relatively very low levelsof funding "y "oth central and local government./4&0 >t has also "een argued that the introductionof )ew *ealand2s compulsory "icycle helmet law contri"uted to the decline in the popularity ofcycling./citation needed 0

Rail transport/edit0

Wellington was for a long time the only city of )ew *ealand that retained a well-patronised commuter  rail

system. =nly in the &'''s was there a #continuing$ resurgence in  ?uckland2s commuter rail patronage, driven

in great part "y new investment in infrastructure.

Main article: Rail transport in New Zealand 

Network/edit0

here is a total of 4,;@; km of railway line in )ew *ealand, "uilt to the narrow

gauge of (,'8 mm #4 ft 8 in$. =f this, 7'8 km is electrified. he national network is owned "y state-owned enterprise )ew *ealand 3ailways <orporation division Jiwi3ail )etwork. he nationalnetwork consists of three main trunk lines, seven secondary main lines and during its peak in the(@7's, around ninety "ranch lines. he ma%ority of the latter are now closed. Most lines wereconstructed "y government "ut a few were of private origin, later nationalised. >n (@4(, the ransport!icensing ?ct was passed, protecting the railways from competition for fifty years. he transportindustry "ecame fully deregulated in (@;4.

Between (@;& and (@@4 the rail industry underwent a ma%or overhaul involving corporatisation,restructuring, downsiKing, line and station closures and privatisation. >n (@@4 the network wasprivatised, and until &''4 the national network was owned "y ranK 3ail, previously )ew *ealand3ail !imited. he 1overnment agreed to take over control of the national rail network "ack when ollHoldings purchased ranK 3ail in &''4. >n May &''; the 1overnment agreed to "uy oll )*2s rail

and ferry operations for 887 million,

/440

 and renamed the operating company Jiwi3ail.!perators and serices/edit0

Bulk freights dominate services, particularly coal, logs and wood products, milk and milk products,fertiliser, containers, steel and cars. !ong distance passenger services are limited to three routes +the ranK?lpine#<hristchurch + 1reymouth$, the ranK<oastal #<hristchurch + :icton$ andthe )orthern EAplorer  #Wellington + ?uckland$. Ir"an rail services operate in Wellington and

 ?uckland, and interur"an services run "etween:almerston )orth and Wellington #the <apital<onnection$ and Masterton and Wellington #the Wairarapa <onnection$.

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For most of its history, )ew *ealand2s rail services were operated "y the 3ailways epartment. >n(@;&, the epartment was corporatised as the )ew *ealand 3ailways <orporation. he <orporationwas split in (@@' "etween a limited lia"ility operating company, )ew *ealand 3ail !imited, and the<orporation which retained a num"er of assets to "e disposed. )ew *ealand 3ail was privatised in(@@4, and renamed ranK 3ail in (@@7. >n &''(, ranK 3ail2s long-distance passenger operations,under the guise of ranK 5cenic, "ecame a separate companyL ranK 3ail chose not to "id for the

contract to run ?uckland2s rail services, and the contract was won "y <onneA #nowransdev ?uckland$. :roposals to sell ranK 3ail2s Wellington passenger rail services, ranK Metro, did notcome to fruition, although the division "ecame a separate company in Duly &''4. >n &''4 ranK 3ailwas purchased "y ?ustralian freight firm oll Holdings, which renamed the company oll )*.

he only other significant non-heritage operator is the tourist oriented aieri 1orge 3ailway in =tago,which runs regular passenger trains on part of the former  =tago <entral 3ailway and some onthe Main 5outh !ine.

Heritage/edit0

he Federation of 3ail =rganisations of )ew *ealand coordinates the work of approAimately siAtyheritage railways and rail museums. Most of these are operated "y groups of volunteers and have ahistorical or tourist focus.

 Water transport/edit0

Mail steamer Mariposa casting off in ?uckland in the (;;'s, with a paddle steamer ferry in the front.

)ew *ealand has a long history of international and coastal shipping. Both Maori and the )ew*ealand European settlers arrived from overseas, and during the early European settler years,coastal shipping was one of the main methods of transportation,/460 while it was hard to move goodsto or from the hinterlands, thus limiting the locations of early settlement./&0

he two main islands are separated "y <ook 5trait, &6 km wide at its narrowest point, "ut reCuiring a'-km ferry trip to cross. his is the only large-scale long-distance car G passenger shipping serviceleft, with all others restricted to short ferry routes to islands like 5tewart >slandG3akiura or 1reatBarrier >sland.

)ew *ealand has (,8'@ km of naviga"le inland waterwaysL however these are no longer significanttransport routes.

"nternational shipping/edit0Historically, international shipping to and from )ew *ealand started out with the first eAplorer-traders,with )ew *ealand waters soon "ecoming a favourite goal for whalers as well as merchants tradingwith the Maori and "eginning European colonies.

>n the (@th century, one of the most important changes for )ew *ealand shipping + and for )ew*ealand itself + came with the introduction of refrigerated ships, which allowed )ew *ealand toeAport meat to overseas, primarily to the Inited Jingdom. his led to a "ooming agricultural industrywhich was suddenly offered a way to ship their goods to markets around the world.

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!arger, deeper-draught ships from the middle of the (@th century made dredges a common sight inshipping channels around )ew *ealand, and tug"oats were also often "ought to assist them to theCuays, where electric or hydraulic cranes were increasingly used for on- and off-loading. However,manpower was still needed in large amounts, and waterfronts were the hot"eds of the industrialactions of the early &'th century./470

>n the (@'s, containerisation revolutionised shipping, eventually coming to )ew *ealand as well.he local har"our "oards wrought massive changes on those ports selected #after much politicalwrangling$ to handle the new giant vessels, such as !yttelton and ?uckland :ort. 1antrycranes, straddle carriers and powerful tug"oats were "uilt or purchased, and shippingchannels dredged deeper, while large areas of land were reclaimed to ena"le the new containerterminals. he changes have "een descri"ed as having "een more radical than the changeover fromsail to steam a century "efore. /480

However, containerisation made many of the smaller ports suffer, this "eing only later recoveredsomewhat with newer, smaller multi-purpose ships that could travel to smaller ports, and theloosening of the trade links with the Inited Jingdom, which diversified the trade routes. he time forriver ports had gone however, and most of them disappeared, facing particular pressure from thenew rail ferries,/470/480 >n the (@;'s, deregulation also involved and heavily changed the port industry,with har"our "oards a"olished, and replaced "y more commercially focussed companies. Many port

 %o"s were lost, though shipping costs fell./480

Coastal shipping/edit0

 ?s noted a"ove, coastal shipping has long played a significant role in )ew *ealand. >t was veryefficient for moving large amounts of goods, and relatively Cuick. >n (@(', it was noted in adiscussion with the Minister of 3ailways that a fruit grower at :ort ?l"ert #near Wellsford, less than(7' km from ?uckland$ had found it cheaper to ship his canned fruit to !yttleton in the 5outh >sland"y "oat, and thence "ack to ?uckland again, rather than pay rail freight rates from near"y Wellsfordto ?uckland./40

he industry however also faced a num"er of trou"led times as well, such as during World War >>when ship reCuisitioning caused shortages in the transport operation. /4;0 While many ports reopenedafter the war, they #and coastal shipping in general$ faced huge pressure from rail /470 #presuma"ly

now offering improved freight rates compared to the (@(' era$.

 ?fter ca"otage was a"olished in (@@6, international shipping lines "ecame a"le to undertake coastalshipping as opportune to them on their international routes to )ew *ealand. While reducing thecargo reshipment rates for )ew *ealand industry, this is seen "y some as a heavy "low for localcompetitors, who, specialised in coastal shipping only, are less a"le to achieve the costs savings oflarge lines + these can generally operate profita"ly even without cargo on )ew *ealand-internal legsof their routes, and are thus a"le to under"id others. he law change has "een accused of havingturned the )ew *ealand "usiness into a 2sunset industry2 which will eventually die out./4@0

>n the financial year &''4 G &''6 coastal cargo in )ew *ealand totalled around ;.8 million tonnes, ofwhich ;7 was still carried "y local, and (7 "y overseas shipping. /6'0

>n &''@, the )ational :arty announced that funding for coastal shipping and supporting

infrastructure, part of the 5ea <hange plan of the previous !a"our government, would "e cut to asu"stantial degree. he move was heavily criticised, amongst others, "y the 1reen :arty,/6(0 andthe Maritime Inion of )ew *ealand./6&0

Ferry serices/edit0

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>nterisland !ine2s E9  Arahura in the Marl"orough 5ounds

3egular roll-onGroll-off  ferry services have crossed <ook 5trait, linking the )orth and 5outh>slands "etween Wellington and :icton, since (@8&./&'0 >nterisland !ine, a division of Jiwi3ail, ownsthe main inter-island ferry service, the >nterislander. wo of the three ferries used "y the>nterislander, Arahura and Aratere, are rail ferries with special rail decks. he largest and newestferry, Kaitai  came into service in 5eptem"er &''7. ? competitor service is operated "y 5trait5hipping !td, using the former French !anta Regina and the former anish !traitsman, under theBlue"ridge "rand.

epending on the vessel, usual transit time "etween the )orth and 5outh >slands is "etween threehours and three hours twenty minutes. Faster catamaran ferries were used "y ranK 3ail and its

competitors. o reduce voyage times, ranK 3ail proposed to relocate the 5outh >sland terminal of itsservices to <lifford Bay in Marl"orough, which would also avoid a steep section of railway. hisproposal has "een shelved since the takeover "y oll Holdings in &''4.

5maller ferries operate in the Bay of >slands, 3awene #)orthland$, ?uckland, auranga, Wellington,the Marl"orough 5ounds and !yttelton #<hristchurch$, and "etween Bluff  and Halfmoon Bay #5tewart>sland$.

 ? passenger ferry service also operated for many years "etween Wellington and !yttelton #the portclosest to <hristchurch$. his service was operated "y the Inion 5team 5hip <ompany, and thepassenger ferries typically operated an overnight service, although in later years the last of thesevessels, the Rangatira, operated alternate nights in each direction plus a daylight sailing from!yttelton to Wellington on 5aturdays #so as to get a "alance of four sailings in each direction, eachweek$. =ne of these passenger ferries, the "ahine, was lost in a storm as it entered Wellington

Har"our  on (' ?pril (@8;, with the loss of 7( passengers and crew. he final sailing of the 3angatira,which was custom "uilt and entered service in (@&, was on (7 5eptem"er (@8, after two money-losing years #su"sidised "y the government$. /citation needed 0

Ports and har#ours/edit0

• <ontainer ports :orts of ?uckland # ?uckland$, :ort ofauranga #auranga$, )apier , Wellington, )elson, !yttelton #<hristchurch$, imaru, :ort<halmers #unedin$, Bluff 

• =ther ports Whangarei, evonport #?uckland$, 1is"orne, )ew:lymouth, Whanganui, :icton, Westport, 1reymouth

• Freshwater 3otorua #!ake 3otorua$, aupo #!ake aupo$, Oueenstown and Jingston #!akeWakatipu$, e ?nau and Manapouri #!ake Manapouri$

$erchant marine fleet/edit0Ships #y type

"ulk 4, cargo &, container (, petroleum tanker &, roll-onGroll-off ( #&''& estimate$

Total

@ ships #(,''' 13 or over$, totalling 8@,8;7 13G('8,8& tonnes deadweight #W$

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 Air transport/edit0

%irports/edit0

<hristchurch ?irport, the largest in the 5outh >sland.

Main article: Airports in New Zealand 

here are ((4 airports in )ew *ealand #&''& est.$. he main international airportis ?uckland ?irport, which handled a"out (( million passengers in &''7. /640 <hristchurch

 ?irport around 8 million passengers per year andWellington ?irport around 7 millionpassengers per year.

&ith paed runways/edit0

total: 6;

(',''' ft #4'6; m$ or more 4;''' ft to @@@@ ft #&64; m to 4'6 m$ &7''' ft to @@@ ft #(7&6 m to &64 m$ ('4''' ft to 6@@@ ft #@(6 m to (7&4 m$ &;under 4''' ft #@(6 m$ 7 #&''&$

&ith unpaed runways/edit0

total: 87''' ft to @@@ ft #(7&6 m to &64 m$ &4''' ft to 6@@@ ft #@(6 m to (7&4 m$ &8under 4''' ft #@(6 m$ 4@ #&''&$

Heliports/edit0

( #&''&$, ?uckland, Mechanics Bay

%irlines/edit0

National airline'

•  ?ir )ew *ealand

Pipelines/edit0

:etroleum products (8' kmL natural gas (,''' kmL liCuified petroleum gas #!:1$ (7' km.