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TRANSPORT1.2 : CONCEPT OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

•The circulatory system in human and animals consist of

blood, blood vessels and heart.

•Blood is the medium of transport which flow in the

circulatory system.

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Human blood is made up of 55% plasma and 45% blood cells.

There are 3 types of blood cells:◦ Erythrocytes◦ Leucocytes◦ Platelets

Separation of blood cells and plasma can be done in the centrifuge machine.

Composition of Human Blood

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Human Blood

55% plasma

90% water

10% dissolved

substances

45% blood cells

Erythrocytes

Leucocytes

Platelets

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Characteristic:

◦ Biconcave disc-shaped. Why? (increase the TSA/V ratio, to

facilitate gases exchange)

◦ No nucleus for matured erythrocyte.

◦ Contain haemoglobin to carry oxygen.

◦ Haemoglobin combine with oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin.

◦ Also can bind with carbon with carbon dioxide to form

carbaminohaemoglobin.

◦ Erytrocyte are produced in bone marrow and destroyed in

the spleen and liver after 120 days.

Erytrocytes (red blood cells)

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Characteristics:

◦ Has nucleus and no fixed shape.

◦ Has lesser quantity than erythrocytes.

◦ Function is to protect body from disease.

◦ 2 types of leucocytes: Granulocyte Agranulocyte

Leucocytes (white blood cells)

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Leucocytes

Phagocytosis of bacteria

Control allergic responses

Secrete heparin to prevent blood

clotting

Large nucleus and produce antibodies

Phagocytosis of bacteria

• Have granules in cytoplasm.• Have lobed nucleus.• Formed in red bone marrow

•Have no granules in cytoplasm

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Platelets Fragment of larger cells in the bone marrow. Important in blood clotting. They have no nucleus. Survive for 10 days before being removed

by the liver and spleen

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Pale yellowish liquid consisting of 90% water and 10% dissolved substances.

Blood plasma without plasma protein such as fibrinogen called blood serum.

Plasma

10% dissolved substances

Digested nutrients Minerals Dissolved

gasesPlasma protein

Excretory waste Hormones