Transparency Bridges: Bridging Transparency Requirements ... · Zynga Inc. Zynga Poker, FarmVille,...
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RESEARCH POSTER PRESENTATION DESIGN © 2015 www.PosterPresentations.com The key objective of the project is to understand how different regulatory environments for data privacy (EU and US) shape technical affordances and user behavior within smartphone ecosystems. To do so, the project studies variations of privacy perceptions and expectations in EU and US populations, across and within different smartphone ecosystems. We look specifically at different approaches transnational ecosystem providers take in providing transparency for users under varying regulatory, technical and social conditions. The project explores the following research questions: 1. What are the transparency mechanisms in different smartphone ecosystems and how do they map to transparency requirements in the EU and US data privacy frameworks? 2. How is the effectiveness of transparency offered by apps dependent on the app ecosystem and do ecosystems influence the business models of apps in this regard? 3. How do transparency expectations vary with different populations (US, EU, incl. NL) and across different smartphone ecosystems (Apple, Google) and operating systems (Android and iOS)? 4. How can ecosystems improve data privacy protection to conform with people’s privacy expectations, preferences and concern? And how can regulators and lawmakers respond to the role of the ecosystem providers in protecting privacy? This project is the first one of its kind to apply an interdisciplinary (law and human computer interaction) approach to the question of how differing legal and cultural factors in the US and Europe affect US/EU citizens privacy expectations, preferences and user behaviors. Project Details Results: Study on App Business Models and Data Monetisation Results: SEC Study on Mobile Platform Dependencies • Objective: Examine the dependence of mobile apps on mobile platforms for the collection, use and monetization of personal information. In particular, explore how app business models are shaped by the governance of user data by mobile platforms. • Method: We conducted a study of the SEC filings of a set of US public companies that predominantly operate their business, or important parts of their business, as a popular app in the mobile app environment. • Results: Found systematic evidence of how app business models are shaped by the governance of user data by mobile platforms. The analysis of SEC filings produces new and unique insights into the data practices and data- related aspects of the business models of popular mobile apps and shows the value of SEC filings for privacy law and policy research more generally. Future Plans Publications • R. Fahy, J. van Hoboken & N. van Eijk, Mobile Privacy and Business-to-Platform Dependencies: An Analysis of SEC Disclosures, 13 Journal of Business & Technology Law (2018) (forthcoming). • J. van Hoboken, R. Fahy & N. van Eijk, The Data-Driven Transformation of Games to Services: Mobile Platforms, User Data Governance and the Shaping of App Business Models, Computational Culture (2019) (abstract accepted). • R. Fahy and J. van Hoboken, “Smartphone Ecosystems and Upcoming European Regulation,” Smartphone Ecosystems Roundtable, Amsterdam Privacy Conference 2018, University of Amsterdam, 8 October 2018. • R. Fahy, J. van Hoboken & N. van Eijk, Mobile Privacy and Business-to-Platform Dependencies: An Analysis of SEC Disclosures, TPRC 2018, American University Washington College of Law, Washington DC, 21 September 2018. • R. Fahy, J. van Hoboken & N. van Eijk, Data Privacy, Transparency and the Data-Driven Transformation of Games to Services, IEEE Games, Entertainment and Media Conference 2018, National University of Ireland, 16 August 2018. • R. Fahy, J. van Hoboken & N. van Eijk, Mobile Privacy and Business-to-Platform Dependencies: An Analysis of SEC Disclosures, Privacy Law Scholars Conference 2018, Washington DC, 30 May 2018. • R. Fahy, J. van Hoboken & N. van Eijk, The Data-Driven Transformation of Games to Services: The Impact of Mobile Platforms on App Business Models, Privacy Law Scholars Conference Europe 2018, Brussels, 27 January 2018. • M. Van Kleek, I. Liccardi, R. Binns, J. Zhao, D. J. Weitzner & N. Shadbolt, Better the devil you know: Personalized Data Controller Indicators that Expose Data Sharing in Smartphone Apps, ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2017, Denver, CO. • R. Binns, J. Zhao, M.Van Kleek, N. Shadbolt, I. Liccardi & D. J. Weitzner, My Bank Already Gets this Data: Exposure Minimisation and Company Relationships in Privacy Decision-Making, ACM Conference Extended Abstract on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2017, Denver, CO. • J. van Hoboken, R. Fahy, N. van Eijk, I. Liccardi & D. J. Weitzner, Transparency and Privacy in Smartphone Ecosystems: A Comparative Perspective, TILTing Perspectives Conference 2017, Tilburg University, 19 May 2017. • Objectives: Examine the role of mobile platforms in shaping app business models, the monetization of personal information; and app transparency about collection and use of personal information. • Method: We conducted a study on selection of popular game apps available in the Google Play (NL) app store, and Apple’s App Store (NL), in order to gain insight into business models that are adopted by apps; and examined Google’s and Apple’s developer platforms in depth. • Results: Developed an app business-model typology; and we show how that the increasingly dominant business model within the game app economy is free-to-download apps, with data mining, analytics and targeting being used to encourage users to make in-app purchases. Institute for Information Law (IViR), University of Amsterdam Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence (CSAIL), Massachusetts Institute of Technology Joris van Hoboken, Nico van Eijk, Ronan Fahy, Daniel J. Weitzner & Ilaria Liccardi Transparency Bridges: Bridging Transparency Requirements in Smartphone Ecosystems EU Regulation on ePrivacy EU Regulation on Online Platforms Mobile Platforms App Companies Consumers Results: Mapping Transparency Requirements in the US and EU • Objectives: Examine the transparency mechanisms in different smartphone ecosystems and how they map to transparency requirements in EU and US data privacy frameworks. • Method: Conducted an analysis of EU and US legal requirements, including regulatory enforcement action and guidance by regulatory authorities, such as the FTC. • Results: Mapped the transparency requirements in data privacy law to the smartphone context, and the way in which different regulatory environments for data privacy (EU and US) shape transparency about the collection and use of personal data in dominant smartphone ecosystems (Android and iOS). Public Company Popular apps IPO Snap Inc. Snapchat, Bitmoji 2017 Facebook Inc. Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp, Messenger 2012 Twitter Inc. Twitter, Periscope 2013 Match Group Inc. Tinder, OkCupid, PlentyOfFish 2015 Pandora Media Group Inc. Pandora Music, Pandora Premium 2011 Zynga Inc. Zynga Poker, FarmVille, Words With Friends 2011 Glu Mobile Inc. Taylor Swift, Kim Kardashian 2007 Activision Blizzard Inc. Candy Crush Saga, Hearthstone 1993 Electronic Arts Inc. Star Wars: Galaxy of Heroes, SimCity BuildIt 1989 Take-Two Interactive Inc. Grand Theft Auto, Dragon City, Monster Legends 1997 • Objective: Examine the appropriate regulatory and legislative response to the role of mobile platform in protecting privacy. • Ongoing: An analysis of new EU regulatory proposals on online platforms and ePrivacy to survey the role of app ecosystems and their role in striking a balance between data-driven app businesses and user privacy. • Proposed EU Regulation on ePrivacy • Proposed EU Regulation on Online Platforms App App Store Google Play App App Store Google Play Color Ballz Word Snack F1 2016 Minecraft Pokemon Go Candy Crush Saga Pocket Pool Fut 18 Draft Push Construction Simulator Free Free €2.29 €7.99 Free Free Free Free €1.09 €0.99 Free Free €2.29 €6.99 Free Free Free Free €0.99 €0.10 Clash Royale Homescapes Jachtseizoen Rider Plague Inc. Monument Valley Castle Clash Candy Crush Soda Saga Bike Race Pro Wordfeud Free Free Free Free €0.99 €4.49 Free Free €0.49 Free Free Free Free Free Free €2.29 Free Free €1.09 Free
Transcript of Transparency Bridges: Bridging Transparency Requirements ... · Zynga Inc. Zynga Poker, FarmVille,...
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The key objective of the project is to understand how different
regulatory environments for data privacy (EU and US) shape technical
affordances and user behavior within smartphone ecosystems. To do so,
the project studies variations of privacy perceptions and expectations in
EU and US populations, across and within different smartphone
ecosystems. We look specifically at different approaches transnational
ecosystem providers take in providing transparency for users under
varying regulatory, technical and social conditions. The project
explores the following research questions:
1. What are the transparency mechanisms in different smartphone
ecosystems and how do they map to transparency requirements in
the EU and US data privacy frameworks?
2. How is the effectiveness of transparency offered by apps dependent
on the app ecosystem and do ecosystems influence the business
models of apps in this regard?
3. How do transparency expectations vary with different populations
(US, EU, incl. NL) and across different smartphone ecosystems
(Apple, Google) and operating systems (Android and iOS)?
4. How can ecosystems improve data privacy protection to conform
with people’s privacy expectations, preferences and concern? And
how can regulators and lawmakers respond to the role of the
ecosystem providers in protecting privacy?
This project is the first one of its kind to apply an interdisciplinary (law
and human computer interaction) approach to the question of how
differing legal and cultural factors in the US and Europe affect US/EU
citizens privacy expectations, preferences and user behaviors.
Project Details
Results: Study on App Business Models and Data Monetisation
Results: SEC Study on Mobile Platform Dependencies
• Objective: Examine the dependence of mobile apps on mobile platforms for
the collection, use and monetization of personal information. In particular,
explore how app business models are shaped by the governance of user data
by mobile platforms.
• Method: We conducted a study of the SEC filings of a set of US public
companies that predominantly operate their business, or important parts of
their business, as a popular app in the mobile app environment.
• Results: Found systematic evidence of how app business models are shaped
by the governance of user data by mobile platforms. The analysis of SEC
filings produces new and unique insights into the data practices and data-
related aspects of the business models of popular mobile apps and shows the
value of SEC filings for privacy law and policy research more generally.
Future Plans
Publications
• R. Fahy, J. van Hoboken & N. van Eijk, Mobile Privacy and Business-to-Platform Dependencies: An
Analysis of SEC Disclosures, 13 Journal of Business & Technology Law (2018) (forthcoming).
• J. van Hoboken, R. Fahy & N. van Eijk, The Data-Driven Transformation of Games to Services: Mobile
Platforms, User Data Governance and the Shaping of App Business Models, Computational Culture (2019)
(abstract accepted).
• R. Fahy and J. van Hoboken, “Smartphone Ecosystems and Upcoming European Regulation,” Smartphone
Ecosystems Roundtable, Amsterdam Privacy Conference 2018, University of Amsterdam, 8 October 2018.
• R. Fahy, J. van Hoboken & N. van Eijk, Mobile Privacy and Business-to-Platform Dependencies: An
Analysis of SEC Disclosures, TPRC 2018, American University Washington College of Law, Washington
DC, 21 September 2018.
• R. Fahy, J. van Hoboken & N. van Eijk, Data Privacy, Transparency and the Data-Driven Transformation of
Games to Services, IEEE Games, Entertainment and Media Conference 2018, National University of Ireland,
16 August 2018.
• R. Fahy, J. van Hoboken & N. van Eijk, Mobile Privacy and Business-to-Platform Dependencies: An
Analysis of SEC Disclosures, Privacy Law Scholars Conference 2018, Washington DC, 30 May 2018.
• R. Fahy, J. van Hoboken & N. van Eijk, The Data-Driven Transformation of Games to Services: The Impact
of Mobile Platforms on App Business Models, Privacy Law Scholars Conference Europe 2018, Brussels, 27
January 2018.
• M. Van Kleek, I. Liccardi, R. Binns, J. Zhao, D. J. Weitzner & N. Shadbolt, Better the devil you know:
Personalized Data Controller Indicators that Expose Data Sharing in Smartphone Apps, ACM Conference
on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2017, Denver, CO.
• R. Binns, J. Zhao, M.Van Kleek, N. Shadbolt, I. Liccardi & D. J. Weitzner, My Bank Already Gets this Data:
Exposure Minimisation and Company Relationships in Privacy Decision-Making, ACM Conference
Extended Abstract on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2017, Denver, CO.
• J. van Hoboken, R. Fahy, N. van Eijk, I. Liccardi & D. J. Weitzner, Transparency and Privacy in
Smartphone Ecosystems: A Comparative Perspective, TILTing Perspectives Conference 2017, Tilburg
University, 19 May 2017.
• Objectives: Examine the role of mobile platforms in shaping app
business models, the monetization of personal information; and app
transparency about collection and use of personal information.
• Method: We conducted a study on selection of popular game apps
available in the Google Play (NL) app store, and Apple’s App Store
(NL), in order to gain insight into business models that are adopted by
apps; and examined Google’s and Apple’s developer platforms in depth.
• Results: Developed an app business-model typology; and we show how
that the increasingly dominant business model within the game app
economy is free-to-download apps, with data mining, analytics and
targeting being used to encourage users to make in-app purchases.
Institute for Information Law (IViR), University of Amsterdam Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence (CSAIL), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Joris van Hoboken, Nico van Eijk, Ronan Fahy, Daniel J. Weitzner & Ilaria Liccardi
Transparency Bridges: Bridging Transparency Requirements in Smartphone Ecosystems
EU Regulation on ePrivacy
EU Regulation on Online Platforms
Mobile Platforms
App Companies
Consumers
Results: Mapping Transparency Requirements in the US and EU
• Objectives: Examine the transparency
mechanisms in different smartphone ecosystems
and how they map to transparency requirements
in EU and US data privacy frameworks.
• Method: Conducted an analysis of EU and US
legal requirements, including regulatory
enforcement action and guidance by regulatory
authorities, such as the FTC.
• Results: Mapped the transparency requirements
in data privacy law to the smartphone context, and
the way in which different regulatory
environments for data privacy (EU and US) shape
transparency about the collection and use of
personal data in dominant smartphone ecosystems
(Android and iOS).
Public Company Popular apps IPO
Snap Inc. Snapchat, Bitmoji 2017
Facebook Inc. Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp, Messenger 2012
Twitter Inc. Twitter, Periscope 2013
Match Group Inc. Tinder, OkCupid, PlentyOfFish 2015
Pandora Media Group Inc. Pandora Music, Pandora Premium 2011
Zynga Inc. Zynga Poker, FarmVille, Words With Friends 2011
Glu Mobile Inc. Taylor Swift, Kim Kardashian 2007
Activision Blizzard Inc. Candy Crush Saga, Hearthstone 1993
Electronic Arts Inc. Star Wars: Galaxy of Heroes, SimCity BuildIt 1989
Take-Two Interactive Inc. Grand Theft Auto, Dragon City, Monster Legends 1997
• Objective: Examine the appropriate regulatory
and legislative response to the role of mobile
platform in protecting privacy.
• Ongoing: An analysis of new EU regulatory
proposals on online platforms and ePrivacy to
survey the role of app ecosystems and their role
in striking a balance between data-driven app
businesses and user privacy.
• Proposed EU Regulation on ePrivacy
• Proposed EU Regulation on Online Platforms
App App Store Google Play App App Store Google Play
Color Ballz
Word Snack
F1 2016
Minecraft
Pokemon Go
Candy Crush Saga
Pocket Pool
Fut 18 Draft
Push
Construction Simulator
Free
Free
€2.29
€7.99
Free
Free
Free
Free
€1.09
€0.99
Free
Free
€2.29
€6.99
Free
Free
Free
Free
€0.99
€0.10
Clash Royale
Homescapes
Jachtseizoen
Rider
Plague Inc.
Monument Valley
Castle Clash
Candy Crush Soda Saga
Bike Race Pro
Wordfeud
Free
Free
Free
Free
€0.99
€4.49
Free
Free
€0.49
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
€2.29
Free
Free
€1.09
Free
