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Transcript of Translation session
Translation Session
for WikipediansKorean Department
Translation
Science Sense Skill
Science of Translation
Semantic
• Literal
Communicative
• Meaning
Semantic and Communicative
Translation-Semantic approach: views the text as a
cultural artifact that is “borrowed” from its
original environment to be “displayed” or
“studied”. It can be a perfectly valid
exercise with a perfectly valid purpose.
-Communicative approach: seeks to bring a
text to a new audience, to be assimilated in
its new environment in order to be enjoyed
and assimilated by new people. This
requires a degree of adaptation.
SL bias
Literal FaithfulBalance
d
TL bias
Idiomized Free
The SL grammatical constructions are
converted to their nearest TL
equivalents but the lexical items are
again translated out of context. As
pre-translation process, it indicates
problems to be solved.
It attempts to reproduce the precise
contextual meaning of the original
within the constraints of the TL
grammatical structures. It transfers
cultural words and preserves the
degree of grammatical and lexical
deviation from SL norms.
It reproduces the message of
the original but tends to distort
nuances of meaning by
preferring colloquialisms and
idioms.
It reproduces the matter
without the manner, or the
content without the form of
the original. Usually it is a
paraphrase much longer
than the original.
TL
bias
example
Interlinear: like these things to
them demand
much now
Literal: The likes of these things
have much demand
now.
Faithful: Things like these are in great demand
now.
Balanced: This kind of thing is in great
demand at the
moment.
Idiomizing: This type is all the rage
Free: This one is dead
trendy!
مثل هذه األشياء عليها إقبال كثير اآلن
Semantic CommunicativeAuthor-centered Reader-centered
Concerned with author as
individual
Adapts and makes the
thought and cultural content
of original more accessible to
reader.
Semantic- and syntactic-
oriented. Length of sentences,
position and integrity of clauses,
word position, etc. preserved
whenever possible.
Effect-oriented. Formal
features or original sacrificed
more readily.
Faithful, more literal Faithful, freer
Informative Effective
Usually more awkward, more
detailed, more complex, but
briefer.
Easy reading, more natural,
smoother, simpler, clearer,
more direct, more
conventional, but longer
Source language biased Target language biased
Over-translated: more
concentrated and more specific
than original
Under-translated: use of
“hold-all” terms
More powerful Less powerful
Always inferior to the original
because of loss of meaning
May be better than original
because of gain in force and
clarity, despite loss in
semantic content.
Wide and universal Tailor-made or targeted for
one category of readership
Inaccuracy is always wrong A certain embroidering, a
stylistic synonymy, a discreet
modulation is condoned,
provided the facts are straight
and the reader is suitably
impressed
The translator has no right to
improve or to correct
The translator has the right to
correct and improve the logic
and style of the original,
clarify ambiguities, jargons,
normalize bizarre personal
usage.
Mistakes in the original should
(and must) be pointed out only
in footnote
The translator can correct
mistakes of facts in original
Target: a “true” version, i.e. an
exact statement
Target: a “happy” version, i.e.
a successful act
Unit of translation: tends to
words, collocations and clauses
Unit of translation: tends to
sentences and paragraph
Meaning Message
آراء بعض المترجمين الكبار
م1530مارتن لوثر
يجب أن تسأل األم في المنزل ، •
واألطفال في الشارع، والرجل
العادي في السوق وأن تنظر إلى
م أفواههم وتعرف كيف يتكلمون، ث
تترجم بهذا األسلوب وعندها سوف
.يفهمون ويعرفون أنك تخاطبهم
بن جونسون
المترجم الحرفي يشبه كثيرا من•
.يرقص على الحبل مقيد القدمين
محمد عناني، فن الترجمة
ت منذ يجب تحرير الذهن من الكلمة العربية التي ارتبط•
.لحروفالصبا بالكلمة اإلنجليزية التي يتحول معناها با
ب في ولقد تعلمت بعد الممارسة الطويلة أن المترحم مطال•
كلة فمش...المقام األول بإخراج المعني كامال غير منقوص
.انةإدراك المعنى الكامل ونقله بأمالمترجم األولى تظل
ألكسندر فريزر تيتلر
:قوانين الترجمة الجيدة•
لنص على الترجمة أن تكون نقال تاما جميع األفكار في ا-1
.األصلي
النص يجب أن يتفق أسلوب الكتابة وطرائقها مع أسلوب-2
.األصلي وطرائقه
.النصيجب أن تتحلى الترجمة باليسر الذي يتحلى به-3
That is All…!
Questions !