TRANSITIVITY ANALYSIS IN THE FRIDAY SERMON DELIVERED BY MUFTI ISMAIL

IBN MUSA MENK ON SEPTEMBER 27th, 2013 AT EAST LONDON MOSQUE,

WHITCHAPEL, UNITED KINGDOM

JOURNAL ARTICLE

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra (S.S)

By

Erwidiarini Octha Kurniani

Sunardi

ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM FACULTY OF HUMANITIES

DIAN NUSWANTORO UNIVERSITY

SEMARANG

2017

This journal article has been approved by the Advisor, English Study Program,

Faculty of Humanities, Dian Nuswantoro University on April 3rd, 2017.

Advisor,

Sunardi, S.S., M.Pd.

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TRANSITIVITY ANALYSIS IN THE FRIDAY SERMON DELIVERED BY MUFTI ISMAIL IBN

MUSA MENK ON SEPTEMBER 27th, 2013 AT EAST LONDON MOSQUE, WHITCHAPEL,

UNITED KINGDOM

Erwidiarini Octha Kurniani, Sunardi

Dian Nuswantoro University

ABSTRACT This thesis is entitled Transitivity Analysis in The Friday Sermon delivered by Mufti Ismail Ibn Musa Menk entitled “Eidul Adha” on September 27th, 2013 at The East London Mosque, Whitchapel, United Kingdom taken from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ZK09F_fHts. This study aims at describing types of process, related participants, related circumstances, and field of discourse in the Friday Sermon delivered by Mufti Ismail Ibn Musa Menk on September 27th, 2013 at The East London Mosque, Whitechapel. This study is based on theory of transitivity system in Systemic Functional Linguistics. In this study, the researcher uses descriptive qualitative method since the writer attempts to identify each clause in all process types, related participants, related circumstances and field of discourse in the Friday Sermon delivered by Mufti Ismail Ibn Musa Menk at The East London Mosque, Whitechapel on September 27th, 2013. There are 541 clauses found in the Friday Sermon. There are 273 (50.36%) material process, 76 (14.02%) mental process, 22 (4.05%) behavioural process, 32 (5.90%) verbal process, 129 (23.80%) relational process, and 2 (0.36%) existential process. Material process becomes the dominant, while existential process becomes the least in the Friday Sermon. Material process becomes the dominant because the sermoner, Mufti Ismail Ibn Musa Menk invites the audience in his Friday sermon to obey all the instructions of Allah.

Keywords: field of discourse, Friday sermon, Mufti Ismail Ibn Musa Menk, Systemic Functional Linguistics, transitivity

INTRODUCTION All people in this entire world extremely need language, inasmuch as it is

absolutely important to communicate one another. Without language, they are not able to deliver what they want, what they think of, what they feel, and what they desire to other people. According to Wardhaugh (2010:1) “a language is what the members of a particular society speak”. It means that people need language in the society to survive in this world because they are necessary to understand what others want or say. Therefore, that is why language is fundamental factor of communication for human life.

Based on the www.merriam-webster.com (retrieved on Oct 27, 2016) communication is the act or process of delivering the information to other people

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through words, symbols, signs, or movements. According to Gerot and Wignell (1994:161) communication between people in the world can be conveyed in two ways, they are spoken language and written language. Spoken language tends to be more grammatically complicated since poeple in this world use their own language based on their situation at that time. The possibility comes when they are in the formal situation like meeting with their boss or client, they will speak more formal. In contrast, when they are with their friends or family members, they can use the informal language, more casual in their whole conversation. That is why spoken language tends to be grammatically complicated. It seems like complicated because the speakers have to use more vocabularies depending on their situation and condition. Furthermore, written language tends to be contained lexically. It is because when people start to write something, they usually use to create their own text become rich in density of meaning, since they will think the best selection of the vocabulary and its meaning, not only put the words carelessly to make them meaningfull. Therefore, written text tends to be complex lexically.

Sometimes, people still feel confused to determine kinds of languages that they would like to use to reveal or convey the meaning, especially spoken and written text. Therefore, people need a systemic functional linguistics in order to create the meaning becomes obvious and understand it.

The most fundamental components of meaning in language are functional components. All languages in this entire world are assosiated to the three kinds of meaning, they are : interpersonal meaning, ideational meaning or experiential meaning, and textual meaning. Those three kinds of meanings are known as three metafunctions (Halliday, 1985: xiii).

According to Gerot and Wignell (1994:12-14) Ideational meaning is meaning about phenomena, about things (living and non-living), abstract and concrete, about goings on what the things are do. Moreover, the point of ideational meaning or experiential meaning is the topic of what we experience or something which is happening around us. Interpersonal meaning is meaning which express a speaker’s attitude and judgments. It means that it describes how the meanings are able to interact with the other people. For instance, when we want to permit the class today, we will tell our friend using the informal language or casual conversation to them, in this case through messaging. In contrast, when we permit to skip the class, we will use the formal language to honour our lecturer through messaging. Moreover, the social relation is occur in the interpersonal meaning. Meanwhile, textual meaning expresses the relationship of a language including both the verbal environment, what has been said or written. It can be said that textual meaning is the relationship between the text and the context.

There are two kinds of ideational meaning, that is experiential meanings which analyze the main clause, and logical meaning which analyze the relation between clauses. Experiential meanings use the system of transitivity. It means that all of the meanings are realized through participants, process and circumstance in the clause of the text. There are seven process types in transitivity system as declared by Halliday. According to Gerot and Wignell (1994:54) the processes are material, behavioural, mental, verbal, relational, existential, and meteorological. Meanwhile, logical meaning is how the relationship between two or more clauses using logico-semantic relation.

In this study, the researcher attempts to use different data to be identified, that is Friday Sermon delivered by Mufti Ismail Ibn Musa Menk. The reason why the researcher

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chooses the sermon for this study to be analyzed is because the researcher has found that there are many types of processes, participants, and the circumstances in clauses on the video of Friday Sermon delivered by Mufti Ismail Ibn Musa Menk and there is has not been any research about Friday Sermon in mosque using transitivity system yet. Furthermore, those elements are analyzed using the system of transitivity. For instance, one of the clauses found in the video is We have been created in this world, not so that we can achieve whatever we want and we desire in this world. In that , there are three clauses. The first clause is We have been created in this world, the second one is not so that we can achieve whatever we want, and the last one is and we desire in this world. In we have been created in this world, it can be seen that there are doer called participant and have doing called process (Gerot and Wignell, 1994:55).

Therefore, after analyzing the sample of the data, the researcher attempts to describe the system of transitivity based on the examples above by using different data. This study uses the video of Friday Sermon delivered by Mufti Ismail Ibn Musa Menk at The East London Mosque, Whitechapel on September 27th, 2013.

RESEARCH METHOD

Data and Subject

The data is about the system of transitivity in the Friday Sermon delivered by Mufti Ismail Ibn Musa Menk on September 27th, 2013 at East London Mosque, Whitchapel, United Kingdom. It was taken from youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ZK09F_fHts retrieved on September 4th, 2016.

Unit of Analysis

The researcher focused on every clause found in the Friday Sermon delivered by Mufti Ismail Ibn Musa Menk on September 27th, 2013 at East London Mosque, Whitchapel, United Kingdom under study. This data were analyzed based on the theory of transitivity sytem in Systemic Functional Linguistics.

Technique of Data Collection The data of this research were collected by using the following steps: 1. The researcher searched some Friday Sermons in youtube 2. The researcher selected the video of Friday Sermon delivered by Mufti Ismail Ibn Musa Menk on September 27th, 2013 at East London Mosque, Whitchapel, United Kingdom.

Technique of Data Analysis In analyzing the data, the researcher uses following steps: 1. Watching the video

The researcher watched and comprehended the selected data 2. Transcribing the video

After that, the researcher transcribed the video into spoken text 3. Segmenting the text into clauses in every stage of Friday sermon’s video

In this stage, the researcher segmented the text into clauses 4. Identifying the transitivity system

The researcher identified the clauses using system of transitivity

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5. Classifying the process and circumstance type After that, the process and circumstance type were classified in the form of a

table 6. Deciding the field of the discourse

The researcher decides the field of discourse according to theory Butt et al (2001) to decide the field of discourse.

7. Interpreting the data analysis In this stage, the researcher interpreted the result of the analyis, they are analysis

of process type, related participants, and circumstances realized on video of Friday sermon delivered by Mufti Ismail Ibn Musa Menk on September 23, 2013 at East London Mosque, Whitchapel, United Kingdom. 8. Drawing conclusion

The researcher drew the conclusion based on the result of the data analysis. FINDING AND DISCUSSION

Findings The researcher found 541 clauses in the data realized in the Friday Sermon

delivered by Mufti Ismail Ibn Musa Menk on September 27th, 2013 at East London Mosque, Whitchapel, United Kingdom. According to Table 1, there are six processes : material process, mental process, behavioural process, verbal process, relational process, and existential process. There are 273 clauses of material process (50.36%); 76 clauses of mental process; 22 clauses of behavioural process; 32 clauses of verbal process; 129 clauses of relational process; and 2 clauses of existential process. Material process becomes the dominant, while existential process becomes the least and also there is no meteorological process in the Friday Sermon. The reason why material process becomes the dominant is because the sermoner invites the audiences to obey all the commandments that Allah has been instructed.

According to Table 2, the researcher found 200 circumstances in the Friday Sermon delivered by Mufti Ismail Ibn Musa Menk that are classified into five types of circumstance. Those are circumstance of place, circumstance of time, circumstance of manner, circumstance of cause, circumstance of matter. Circumstance of place were found 37 times or 18,5%, then circumstance of time were found 30 times or 15%, circumstance of manner were found 73 times or 36,5%, circumstance of cause were found 35 times or 17,5%, circumstance of matter were found 25 times or 12,5%. Circumstance of manner becomes the dominant and circumstance of matter becomes the least. There is no circumstance of role and circumstance of accompaniment. The reason why circumstance of manner becomes the dominant is because the sermoner wants to make sure the audience into their deepest heart and mind that they have to obey all of commandments of Allah that has been instructed.

It can be seen in the table below: Table 1. Type of Processes and Related Participants

No. Process Type and Participants ∑ %

1. Material 273 50,36%

a. Actor 185

b. Goal 188

d. Recipient 6

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2. Mental 76 14,02%

a. Senser 93

b. Phenomenon 65

3. Behavioural 22 4,05%

a. Behaver 15

b. Range 2

4. Verbal 32 5,90%

a. Sayer 24

c. Target 13

d. Verbiage 2

5. Relational

Attributive 114 21,03%

Identifying 15 2,77%

a. Carrier 104

b. Attribute 94

c. Token 21

d. Value 23

6. Existential 2 0,36%

a. Existent 2

Total 541 100%

Tabel 2. Related Circumstances

No. Circumstance ∑ %

1. Circumstance of place 37 18,5%

2. Circumstance of time 30 15%

3. Circumstance of manner 73 36,5%

4. Circumstance of cause 37 17,5%

5. Circumstance of matter 25 12,5%

Total 200 100%

Discussion A. Process Type and Related Participants There were six processes and five types of circumstance realized in the Friday

Sermon. It can be seen in the following table: 1. Material Process and Related Participants

There were 273 clauses were classified as material process in the Friday Sermon. The main point of the whole process of doing or material process is activities of worshipping the commandments of Allah. It is realized in twelve words: obeying, slaughtering, complying, passing, working, pleasing, making a match, dressing, asking, praying, acquiring, and responding. It can be seen in the following transitivity analysis: Excerpt 1

24. So, anyone [[ who follows his or her wounds and fancies in this world]]

shall perhaps be prohibited

from achieving what they desire

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Goal Material Circ: cause

Based on excerpt above, it can be seen that the clause represents process of doing. Shall perhaps be prohibited functions as process of material. It is a process of prohibiting. In this kind of process involved two related participants. There were anyone [[who follows his or her wounds and fancies in this world]] functions as actor or participant1; from achieving what they desire functions as goal or participant2.Anyone [[who follows his or her wounds and fancies in this world]] functions as actor because it becomes the doer or the entity that does the material process. From achieving what they desire functions as circumstance of cause because it becomes what the doer’s further information in terms of doing the process.

According to Oxford Pocket Dictionary, the lexical meaning of prohibit is stop something from being done or used, especially by law. From the clause above, it can be seen that the meaning of prohibit here is not to do the activities that contravene with the rule of Allah Subhanahu wata’ala, if we want always in the straight path. Excerpt 2

42. And for us to pass that particular test by His will

Actor material Goal

Circ. Manner

Based on excerpt above, it can be seen that the clause represents the process of doing. To pass functions as process of material. It is a process of passing. This kind of process involved two related participants and one circumstance, namely for us, that particular test, and by His will. For us functions as the actor or participant1; that particular test functions as the goal or participant2, and by His will functions as the circumstance of manner. For us functions as the actor because it is the doer or the entity that does something. That particular test functions as the goal because it becomes the effect that the doer already did. By His will functions as the circumstance of manner because it shows by what means (Gerot and Wignell, 1994:52), that is by the will of Allah Subhanahu wata’ala.

According to Oxford Pocket Dictionary, the lexical meaning of passing is test somebody and decide they have reached the required standard. Therefore, we can see that the meaning of passing in this clause here is to reach the test from Allah Subhanahu wata’ala that will make the people who pass it become increasingly cautious. Excerpt 3

50. We Worship Allah alone

Actor Material Goal

As we can see in excerpt above, this clause represents process of doing. Worship functions as material process. It is a process of worshipping. This process of worshipping involved two related participants, namely we and Allah alone. We functions as actor or participant1; Allah alone functions as goal or participant2. We functions as actor because it is the doer, the entity that does the material process. Allah alone functions as goal or participant2 because it becomes what the effect of doer already did.

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According to Ofxord Pocket Dictionary, the lexical description of worship is a practice of showing respect for God by saying prayers, going to etc. Therefore, the meaning of worship process of the clause is we pray only to Allah Subhanahu wata’ala, no one else. 2. Mental Process and Related Participants

There were 76 clauses or 14,02% of mental process in the Friday Sermon delivered by Mufti Ismail Ibn Musa Menk. From 77 clauses, it can be categorized into three kinds of mental processes: affctive mental process, cognitive mental process, and perceptive mental process. The total was 62 clauses identified as cognitive mental process; 11 clauses identified as affective mental process; and 5 clauses identified as perceptive mental process. The whole mental process in the Friday Sermon delivered by Mufti Ismail Ibn Musa Menk is about people as Allah’s worshippper have to realize and understand in terms of the destiny that Allah have been set to them. it is realized in four words: keep in mind,aware, wish, comprehend. It can be seen in the transitivity analysis below:

Excerpt 4

9. That I remind myself and yourself

Senser Mental : cognitive Phenomenon

Based on excerpt above, the clause represents the cognitive mental process. Remind functions as process of mental cognitive. It is a process of reminding. This kind of process involved two related participants, namely I and myself and yourself. I functions as the actor or participant1; and myself and yourself functions as the phenomenon or participant2. I functions as the actor because it becomes the entity who can think consciously. Myself and yourself functions as the phenomenon because it becomes the entity which is sensed of thought.

According to Oxford Pocket Dictionary, the lexical meaning of remind is to help somebody to remember something important that they must do. From the the clause above, it can be seen that the meaning of remind here is to invite the people always bearing in mind that there is Allah Subhanahu wata’ala as the Almighty. Excerpt 5

10. to be conscious of Allah Subhanahu wata’ala

Mental : cognitive Phenomenon

Based on excerpt above, the clause represents the cognitive mental process. To be conscious functions as mental cognitive process. It is a process of consciousness. This kind of process involved only one related participant, that is of Allah Subhanahu wata’ala.Of Allah Subhanahu wata’ala functions as the phenomenon or participant. It is because it becomes the entity which is sensed of thought.

According to Oxford Pocket Dictionary, the lexical meaning of consciousness is aware or awake of something. Therefore, from the clause above, the meaning is being conscious of Allah Subhanahu wata’ala. Allah always keep an eye on all the people in this world.

Excerpt 6

279. Although It did not make sense to this man

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Senser Mental: cognitive Phenomenon

Based on excerpt above, it can be seen that the clause represents the cognitive mental process. Did not make sense functions as the mental process. It is a process of making sense. This kind of process involved two related participants, namely It and to this man.It functions as the senser or participant1; to this man functions as the phenomenon or participant2. It functions as the senser because it becomes the entity that are conscious can think, whether it is make sense or not. To this man functions as the phenomenon because it becomes the entity which is sensed of thought.

According to Oxford Pocket Dictionary, the lexical meaning of making sense is to have a meaning that can be understood. Therefore, from the clause above, we can see that the meaning of making sense here is even though something instructed from Allah Subhanahu wata’ala does not make sense, for instance to sacrifice a son, this man which is refers to Ibrahim ‘alayhissalaatu wasallam has to figure it out.

3. Behavioural Process and Related Participants There were found 22 clauses or 4,05% of behavioural process in the

Friday Sermon delivered by Mufti Ismail Ibn Musa Menk. It can be concluded that it is about people unconsciously behave because they have to obey Allah’s commandments. It is realized in four words: caring, patient, looking and surrendering. Excerpt 7

436. We Smile at one another for the sake of Allah

Behaver Behavioural Range Circ. Cause

Based on excerpt above, it can be seen that the clause represents the process of behavioural. Smile functions as the behavioural process. It is a smiling process. This kind of process involved two related participants and one circumstances, namelyWe, at one another, and for the sake of Allah.We functions as the behaver or participant1; at one another functions as the phenomenon or participant2; and for the sake of Allah functions as the circumstance of cause. We functions as the behaver because it becomes the entity that are being conscious. At another functions as the range because it becomes the entity which is sensed. For the sake of Allah functions as the circumstance of cause because it tells the purpose and is probed by what for.

According to Oxford Pocket Dictionary, the lexical meaning of smiling is to make a smile appear on your face. Therefore, from the clause above, it can be seen that the meaning of smiling here is spreading the happiness to other people because of Allah Subhanahu wata’ala. Excerpt 8

134. Sometimes, People look at us with eye of prejudice

behaver Behavioural Range Circ. Manner

Based on excerpt above, it can be seen that the clause represents the process of behavioural. Look at functions as behavioural process. It is a

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process of looking. Almost similar to mental process because behavioural process is partly material and partly mental, but behavioural more like one of ‘doing’ (Halliday and Matthiessen, 2014:301). This kind of process involved two related participant and only one circumstance, namely people, us, and with eye of prejudice.People functions as the behaver or participant1; us functions as the range or participant2; and with eye of prejudice functions as the circumstance of manner. People functions as the behaver because it becomes the entity that are being conscious like the senser. Us functions as the range because it becomes the entity which is sensed. With eye of prejudice functions as circumstance of manner because it shows by what means and is probed by what with.

According to Oxford Pocket Dictionary, the lexical meaning of looking at is to turn your eyes in a particular direction. moreover, in this clause above, it can be seen that the meaning of this process is that when people see moslem man or woman, they will put their assumption to the moslem people, in this case, the assumption is because their name consist of Islamic name. Excerpt 9

127. And you keep on failing

behaver Behavioural

Based on excerpt above, we can see that the clause represents the process of behavioural. Keep on failing functions as the behavioural process. It is a process of keep failing. This kind of process involved one related participant, that is You. You functions as the behaver or participant1, because it becomes the entity that are being conscious.

According to Oxford Pocket Dictionary, the lexical meaning of keep (on) failing is to continue doing something; or do something repeatedly. Therefore, from the meaning of lexis, it can be seen that the meaning of keep on failing here is always failed several times in doing something. 4. Verbal Process and Related Participants

There were 32 clauses or 5,90% in this research. The main point of verbal process in the Friday Sermon delivered by Mufti Ismail Ibn Musa Menk is about Allah instructed people to do what Allah Subhanahu wata’ala already said in qur’an. It realized in a word, that is reveal. It can be seen in the transitivity analysis below:

Excerpt 10

39. And He Says very clearly

sayer Verbal Circ. Manner

According to excerpt above, we can see that the clause represents the process of verbal. Says functions as the process of verbal. It is a process of saying. This kind of process invloved one related participant and one circumstance, namely He and very clearly. He functions as the sayer or participant1; very clearly functions as the circumstance of manner. He functions as the sayer because it becomes the entity that encodes the signal source. Very clearly functions as circumstance of manner because it shows by what means and is probed by what and what with.

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Based on Oxford Pocket Dictionary, the lexical meaning of saying is speak or tell something to somebody, using words. Therefore, from the meaning of lexis above, it can be seen that the meaning of saying here is Allah Subhanahu wata’ala speaks to people by the Qur’an in terms of giving examination for the worshipper.

Excerpt 11

215. because Mohammad salallahu 'alaihi wasallam

speaks to us

Sayer verbal target

Based on excerpt above, it can be seen that clause represents the process of verbal. Speaks to functions as the verbal process. It is a process of speaking. This kind of process involved two related participants, namely Mohammad salallahu ‘alayhi wasallam and to us. Mohammad salallahu ‘alayhi wasallamfunctions as the sayer or participant1; to us functions as the target or participant2. Mohammad salallahu ‘alayhi wasallamfunctions as the sayer because it becomes the entity that encodes the signal source. To us functions as the target becaue it is the one acted upon verbally.

According to Oxford Pocket Dictionary, the lexical meaning of speaking is to talk in terms of something to somebody using the voice. Therefore, from the meaning of lexis above, we can see that the meaning of speaking process here is that Mohammad salallahu ‘alayhi wasallam reveals something to believers. 5. Relational Process and Related Participants

There were 130 clauses or 23,80% of relational processes in the Friday Sermon delivered by Mufti Ismail Ibn Musa Menk. It can be categorized into two kinds of relational process: attributive process and identifying process. The total were 114 clauses or 21,03% of attributive processes and 15 clauses or 2,77% of identifying processes. The attributive processes are in terms of the identity of moslem as the worshipper of Allah Subhanahu wata’ala, while the identifying processes are about the test of Allah that people have to face. Some examples of attributive processes and identifying processes as follows:

a. Attributive process From 108 clauses of attributive process, it is realized only in a word

: moslem people. Excerpt 12

138. We Are moslem

Carrier Attributive : intensive Attribute

Based on excerpt above, we can see that the clause represents the process of intensive attributive. Are functions as the intensive attributive process. It is a process that assign a quality of something. this kind of process involved two related participants, namely We and moslem. We functions as the carrier or participant1; moslem functions as the attribute or participant2. We functions as the carrier because it is construed as a member of the class explained by the attribute. Moslem functions as the attribute because it is the relation which can be interpreted as one of class-

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membership. Therefore, the meaning of this intensive attributive process is that we are the member of moslem.

Excerpt 13

154. Our life Is very very unbefitting of a moslem

Carrier Attributive : intensive Attribute

According to excerpt above, it can be seen that the clause represents the process of intensive attributive. Is functions as the intensive atttributive process. It is a process that assign a quality of something. This kind of process involved two related participants, namely Our life and very very unbefitting of a moslem.Our life functions as the carrier or participant1; very very unbefitting of a moslem functions as the attribute or participant2. Our life functions as the carrier because it is construed as a member of the class explained by the attribute.Very very unbefitting of a moslemfunctions as the attribute because it is the relation which can be interpreted as one of class-membership. Therefore, the meaning of this intensive attributive process is that people’s life is not feasible of the true moslem’s believer.

Excerpt 14

66. Worship Is solely and only for The One [[who made me]] The One [[who made you]]

Carrier Attributive : intensive

Circ. Manner Attribute

Based on excerpt above, it can be seen that the clause represents the process of intensive attributive. Is functions as the intensive atttributive process. It is a process that assign a quality of something. This kind of process involved two related participants and one circumstance, namely Worship, solely and only, and for The One [[who made me]] The One [[who made you]]. Worship functions as the carrier because it is construed as a member of the class explained by the attribute. For The One [[who made me]] The One [[who made you]] functions as the attribute or participant1; solely and only functions as the circumstance of manner; functions as the attribute or participant2. Worship functions as the carrier because it is construed as a member of the class explained by the attribute.For The One [[who made me]] The One [[who made you]]functions as the attribute because it is the relation which can be interpreted as one of class-membership. Solely and only functions as the circumstance of manner because it tells by what means and is probed by what, and what with. Therefore, the meaning of this intensive attributive process is that the worship is only belongs to Allah Subhanahu wata’ala no one else. Excerpt 15

198. They become Depressed

Carrier Attributive: intensive Attribute

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Based on excerpt above, we can see that the clause represents the relational process. Become functions as the intensive of attributive process. Depressed functions as attribute. It is a process that assign a quality of something. This kind of process involved two related participants, that is They and depressed. They functions as the carrier or participant1 because it is construed as a member of the class explained by the attribute. Depressed functions as attribute or participant2 because it is the relation which can be interpreted as one of class-membership.

According to Oxford Pocket Dictionary, the lexical meaning of depress is making somebody sad. From the clause above, it can be seen that the meaning of this intensive attribute process here based on the previous clause in the Friday Sermon is that they are sad because they can not marry someone that they love. b. Identifying Process

From the main idea of identifying process, it is realized in a word, that is temptation. In this case, temptation from Allah for the worshipper. To know wheter it is identifying or not, the clause must have the same meaning when it changed to be passive voice. It can be seen in the transitivity analysis below: Excerpt 16

218. Amazing Are the affair of a true believer

Token Identifying : intensive Value

Based on excerpt above, we can see that the clause represents the process of intensive identifying. Are functions as the identifying intensive process. This kind of process involved two related participants, namely Amazing and the affair of a true believer. Amazing functions as the token because it is the identifier, and the affair of a true believer functions as the value because it is the identified entity. Therefore, the meaning of this process is the occasion of a true worshipper is awesome.

To prove that this clause considered as identifying process, the clause ought to be changed to passive voice. It can be seen in the transitivity analysis below: Excerpt 17

218. The affair of a true believer

Are Amazing

Token Identifying : intensive

Value

According to excerpt above, we can see that the clause can be changed to passive voice, because the clause still has the same meaning. 6. Existential Process and Related Participants

There were only two clauses or 0,36% in the Friday Sermon delivered by Mufti Ismail Ibn Musa Menk. In the following transitivity

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analysis, the main point of the existential process is in terms of the righteousness of nifty announcement and here after. It is realized in two phrases, they are no translator and good news. Excerpt 18

31. For them, there is good news

Circ. cause Existential Existent

Based on excerpt above, it can be seen that the clause represents the process of existential. Is functions as the existential process, because it shows masers. This kind of process involved one related participant and one circumstance, namely good newas and for them. Good news functions as the existent or participant1; for them functions as the circumstance of cause. Therefore, from the clause above, we can see that the meaning of the existential process according to the preceding clause is that people who did everything which instructed from Allah Subhanahu wata’ala will get the good news.

Excerpt 19

530. (There is) no translator between us

Existentital Existent Circ. Cause

Based on excerpt above, it can be seen that the clause represents the process of existential. There is is omitted and is here functions as the existential process, because it shows masers. This kind of process involved one related participant and one circumstance, namely no translator and between us.No translator functions as the existent or participant1; between us functions as the circumstance of cause. Therefore, from the clause above, we can see that the meaning of existential process based on the transitivity analysis and preceding clause is that there is no interpreter in here after.

B. Circumstance Type in the Friday Sermon There were 200 circumstances in the Friday Sermon delivered by Mufti Ismail

Ibn Musa Menk. It can be categorized into five circumstance types: circumstance of place, circumstance of time, circumstance of manner, circumstance of cause, circumstance of matter. Circumstance of place 37 times or 18,5%, circumstance of time 30 times or 15%, circumstance of manner 73 times or 36,5%, circumstance of cause 35 times or 17,5%, circumstance of matter 25 times or 12,5%. There was no circumstance of role and accompaniment in the Friday Sermon. Some circumstance types above can be exemplified below: 1. Circumstance of Time

There were 37 circumstances of place or 18,5% in the Friday Sermon delivered by Mufti Ismail Ibbn Musa Menk. It is realized in three places they are: in this world, in paradise, in the aakherah. The circumstance of place tells in terms of where and is probed by where, how far.

The following examples are some of the circumstance of place using bold mark:

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1. I've done in my life (Clause number 532)

I ‘ve done in my life

Actor Material Circ. Place

It can be seen that in my life shows where I done everything. 2. We have been created in this world (Clause number 17)

We have been created in this world

Goal Material Circ. Place

It can be seen that in this world shows where the people is created by Allah Subhanahu wata’ala. 2. Circumstance of Place

There were found 30 circumstance of time or 15% in the Friday Sermon delivered by Mufti Ismail Ibn Musa Menk. It is realized in three times, they are: after sometime, at the same time, today. The circumstance of time tells in terms of when and is probed by when, how often, and also how long.

The following examples are some of the circumstance of time using bold mark: 1. And after sometime, they lose that job (Clause number 92)

And after sometime they Lose that job

Circ. Time actor Material Goal

It can be seen that after sometime shows when the people lose their job. 2. Today, we want people (Clause number 247)

Today, We want People

Circ. Time senser Mental: cognitive Phenomenon

It can be seen that today shows when the people want the others do something.

3. Circumstance of Manner There were found 73 circumstance of manner or 36,5% in the Friday

Sermon delivered by Mufti Ismail Ibn Musa Menk. It is realized in four phrases, they are: by the word of Allah Subhanahu wata’ala, through robbery or deception, exactly, how, indecently, rought, appropriately. The circumstance of manner tells in terms of by what means and is probed by what with.

The following examples are some of the circumstance of manner using bold mark: 1. To think exactly (Clause number 247)

To think exactly

Mental: cognitive Circ. Manner

It can be seen in the analysis of transitivity above that exactly shows how to think about something. 2. How we think (Clause number 248)

How We think

Circ. Manner Senser Mental: cognitive

It can be seen in transitivity analysis that how is to tells how people thinking.

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4. Circumstance of Cause There were found 35 circumstance of cause or 17,5% in the Friday

Sermon delivered by Mufti Ismail Ibn Musa Menk. It is realized in six phrases, they are: for us, for our families, for our well-being, for the sake of Allah, for pornography, for adultery. The circumstance of cause tells in terms of what causes the process and is probed by why or how.

The following examples are some of the circumstance of cause using bold mark: 1.It's detrimental for us, for our families, for our well-being (Clause number 235)

It ‘s detrimental for us, for our families, for our well-being

Carrier Attributive: intensive

attribute Circ. Cause

it can be seen in the transitivity analysis that for us, for our families, for our well-being shows for whom that is being detrimental. 2. We smile at one another for the sake of Allah(Clause number 69)

We Smile At one another for the sake of Allah

Behaver behaviour range Circ. Cause

It can be seen in the transitivity analysis above that for the sake of Allah shows for whom people smiling each other.

5. Circumstance of Matter There were found 25 circumstance of matter or 12,5% in the Friday

Sermon delivered by Mufti Ismail Ibn Musa Menk. It is realized in four phrases, they are: about everything, in this particular matter, about festival of meat, about enjoying eating. The circumstance of matter tells in terms of what or with reference to what and is probed by what about.

The following examples are some of the circumstance of matter using bold mark: 1. I would be asked about everything (Clause number 498)

I would be asked about everything

Goal Material Circ. Matter

It can be seen in the transitivity analsysis that about everything shows the matter that will be asked in the end of thte world. 2. And deviate us in this particular matter primarily (Clause number 56)

And Deviate Us in this particular matter primarily

Material Client Circ. matter Circ. Manner

It can be seen in the transitivity analysis above that in this particular matter shows the matter that devil will make people deviate in terms of obeying Allah Subhanahu wata’ala.

C. Field of Discourse in the Friday Sermon

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The field of discourse is realized through three elements, that is experiential domain, short term goal and long term goal. The interpretation the field of Friday Sermon can be explained in the figure as follows:

Experiential meanings

FIELD OF DISCOURSE Commentary

Process types: material – worshiping Mental – realizing Behavioural – loving Verbal – saying Relational – identity of moslem Existential – no translator

As a result of the analysis, the researcher can write up the description

Experiential domain: People worship to Allah Subhanahu wata’ala through the explanation about the story about Ibrahim ‘alayhissalatu wasallam.

The Friday Sermon delivered by Mufti Ismail Ibn Musa Menk was about the real meaning of sacrificing in Eidul Adha and to remind people about death and here after. The sermon mostly uses present tense.

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Figure 1. Field of Friday Sermon

According to the interpretation above, this Friday Sermon uses six types of process: material process, mental process, behavioural process, verbal process, relational process, and existential process. The material process includes the processes such asobeying, slaughtering, complying, passing, working, pleasing, making a match, dressing, asking, praying, acquiring, responding, etc. The participants are Allah Subhanahu wata’ala, we, people, He, us, him, etc.The circumstances are indecently, appropriately, by His will,etc. From the whole clauses, the experiential domain is that the sermoner, Mufti ismail Ibn Musa Menk, provides explanation in terms of the story of Ibraheem ‘alayhissalaatu wassalam to the audience. The short term goal is to make people understand about sacrificing through the story of Ibraheem ‘alayhissalatu wasallam, while the long term goal is to make people always do what Allah has been instructed even though it does not make sense. CONCLUSION

After analyzing the data in chapter 4, the researcher concludes that there are 541 clauses in the Friday Sermon delivered by Mufti Ismail Ibn Musa Menk at East London Mosque, Whitchapel, United Kingdom. The processes found

Participants – Actor: Allah,we; Goal: us, people; Client: Allah: Recipient: Allah; Senser: worshipper; Phenomenon: Allah, something, the meat; Behaver: people; Sayer: Allah, Mohammad; Carrier: I, we; Attribute: moslem; Token: we, it Value: the test;Existent: no translator, good news

Short-term goal: To make people understand about sacrificing through the story of Ibraheem ‘alayhissalatu wasallam. Long-term goal: To make people always do what Allah has been instructed even though it does not make sense.

Circumstances –Place: in this world, paradise Time : today, after some time, at the same time Manner: exactly, indecently, rough

Time and modality: Present tense and past tense

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are material process, mental process, behavioural process, verbal process, relational process, and existential process. The dominant one is material process with 272 times (50,3%) because the sermoner invites the audiences to obey all the commandments that Allah has been instructed. Then it is followed with relational process, that is 129 (23,8%). The least one is existential process. It only occurs 2 times (0,36%). The percentage above indicates that the Friday Sermon under study deals with doing something.

The participants in the Friday Sermon are actor, goal, recipient, client, senser, phenomenon, behaver, range, sayer, target, carrier, attribute, token, value, and existent. The most frequently used participant is goal because the sermoner wants to show the audiences that whatever the people do, there must be an effect. It occurs in 188 times.

The circumstances in the Friday Sermon are circumstance of time, place, manner, cause and matter. The most frequently used circumstance is circumstance of manner with 73 (36,5%) because the sermoner wants to make sure the audience into their deepest heart and mind that they have to obey all of commandments of Allah that has been instructed. The least is circumstance of matter with 25 times (12,5%).

The experiential domain is that the sermoner invites the audience to obey all the instruction of Allah. The short term goal is to make people understand about sacrificing through the story of Ibraheem ‘alayhissalatu wasallam, while the long term goal is to make people always do what Allah has been instructed even though it does not make sense. REFERENCES

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