Transition Metals

Chapter 24

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Gemstones

The colors of _______ and ___________ are both due to the presence of _______; the difference lies in the crystal hosting the ion.

Some Al3+ ions in Al2O3 are replaced by

Cr3+.

Some Al3+ ions in Be3Al2(SiO3)6

are replaced by Cr3+.

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• The properties of the transition metals are similar to each other.– And very different from the properties of the main

group metals– High ____________, high __________, moderate to very hard,

and very good ___________________

• The similarities in properties come from similarities in _________________________; they generally have ____ valence electrons.

Properties and Electron Configuration of Transition Metals

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Atomic Size• The atomic radii of all the

transition metals are very ______.– Small __________ in size down

a column

• The ____ transition series atoms are about the same size as the _______. – The ____________________

is the __________ in expected _______________for the third transition series atoms that come after the lanthanides.

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Complex Ions

• When a _______________ combines with multiple ________________ or __________ molecules it makes a ________________.

• The attached ___________ or ________ molecules are called _____________.

• The charge on the complex ion can then be ___________________, depending on the _________________________ attached.

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Coordination Compounds• When a complex ion combines with __________ to

make a _____________ it is called a _____________________.

• The ____________is the ___________of the metal.• The ________________ is the number of ligands

bonded to the metal.– ____________________

• Coordination numbers range from ______, with the most common being _______.

CoCl3 • 6H2O = [Co(H2O)6]Cl3

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Coordination Compound

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Complex Ion Formation• Complex ion formation is a type of

__________________________.• A bond that forms when the _____________is

donated by _________ is called a ______________________.

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Ligands with Extra Teeth• Some ligands can form more than one

coordinate covalent bond with the metal atom.– Lone pairs on different atoms that are separated enough so

that both can bond to the metal

• A __________ is a complex ion containing a ________________.– The ligand is called the ________________.

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Ligands

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EDTA – A Polydentate Ligand

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Complex Ions with Polydentate Ligands

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Geometries in Complex Ions

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Naming Coordination Compounds1.Determine the name of the _____________.2.Determine the ___________ and list them in

_______________.3.Determine the name of the _____________.4.Name the complex ion by:

a) Naming each ligand alphabetically, adding a prefix in front of each ligand to indicate the number found in the complex ionb) Following with the name of the metal cation

5.Write the name of the cation followed by the name of the anion.

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Common Ligands

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Common Metals found in Anionic Complex Ions

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Sample Problems

• Name (a) [CrCl2(NH3)4]+ and (b) K[PtBrCl2NH3].

• Write the formula for (a) triamminechlorodinitrito-O-platinum(IV) ion and (b) sodium hexanitrito-N- cobaltate(III).

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Biomolecules

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• Extraction of metals from ores– Silver and gold as cyanide complexes– Nickel as Ni(CO)4(g)

• Use of chelating agents in heavy metal poisoning– EDTA for Pb poisoning

• Chemical analysis– Qualitative analysis for metal ions

• Blue = CoSCN+

• Red = FeSCN2+

• Ni2+ and Pd2+ form insoluble colored precipitates with dimethylglyoxime.

Applications of Coordination Compounds

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• Commercial coloring agentsPrussian blue = mixture of hexacyanoFe(II) and Fe(III)

Inks, blueprinting, cosmetics, paints

Applications of Coordination Compounds

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prussian_blue

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• BiomoleculesPorphyrin ring

Applications of Coordination Compounds

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Copper(II) Porphyrin

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• BiomoleculesCytochrome CHemoglobin

Applications of Coordination Compounds

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• BiomoleculesChlorophyll

Applications of Coordination Compounds

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Applications of Coordination Compounds• Carbonic anhydrase

– Catalyzes the reaction between water and CO2

– Contains tetrahedrally complexed Zn2+

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Applications of Coordination Compounds

• Drugs and therapeutic agents– Cisplatin

• Anticancer drug