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TRANSITION IN EUROPE THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES. SO FAR…. CATEGORYEGYPT (%)GREECE (%)ROME (%)...
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Transcript of TRANSITION IN EUROPE THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES. SO FAR…. CATEGORYEGYPT (%)GREECE (%)ROME (%)...
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TRANSITION IN EUROPE
THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES
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SO FAR….
CATEGORY EGYPT (%) GREECE (%)
ROME (%)
CITIES 86 83 76
CENTRALIZED GOVERNMENT
78 73 81
AGRICULTURAL INTENSIFICATION
84 65 80
JOB SPECIALIZATION 80 79 73
SOCIAL CLASS STRUCTURE
76 72 73
MERCHANTS & TRADE 83 77 73
STATE RELIGION 78 85 77
SCIENCE & WRITING 84 89 78
TOTAL 81 % 78% 77%
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Previously: We’ve studied specific Civilizations and their contributions
Now: There is so many expanding civilizations that it becomes more about significant events & people
We are looking predominantly at Europe as a whole (North of the Mediterranean)
THIS UNIT
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Over the last 4000+ years Europe has been dominated by Mediterranean civilizations…Egypt: 3100BC – 750BCGreece: 1600BC – 300BCRome: 700BC – 476BC
Byzantine Empire: 258AD – 1453AD
SO FAR…
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Early Middle Ages represent a transition from Roman dominated society to “Medieval Society”
The next 500+ years will be dominated by Northern Europe
TRANSITION
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EUROPE – 200 AD
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EUROPE – 300 AD
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EUROPE – 400 AD
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EUROPE – 500 AD
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EUROPE – 600 AD
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EUROPE – 700 AD
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EUROPE – 800AD
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EUROPE – 900 AD
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EUROPE – 1000AD
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Based on those maps, what do you think Europe is like in the Early Middle Ages (500-100BC)
How do the East & West diff er?
TRANSITION IN EUROPE
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EUROPE – 500 AD
THE “DARK” AGES
500 – 1300 AD
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THE WEST: BARBARIANS
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Given the name because the “intellectual light” of Rome had been extinguished by the barbarian hordes ending in the Italian Renaissance in the 14 th Century
The west does undergo tumultuous times – the “Barbarians” fight for control of the land and the boundaries of each empire are constantly contested and changing.
This “Dark” barbarian transition period really only takes a few hundred years, not 800 as is suggested
THE WEST: THE “DARK” AGES
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THE CELTS
Natives of Western Europe
Gauls – FranceBritons – UKBretons – FrancePicts - Scotland
Warband societies who just wanted to raid, rape and plunder
THE WEST: WHO WERE THESE “BARBARIANS”?
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GERMANIC TRIBES
Most barbarians were Germanicfrom Scandinavia
Included: Goths Franks Vandals Angles Saxons Jutes Frisians
THE WEST: WHO WERE THESE “BARBARIANS”
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MONATACISM: The birth of Monasteries & Monks extend the influence of the church into the west and serve as mini-conversion centers.
Not surprisingly this is met with some resistance and by some I mean bloody resistance…but over 100s of year it is somewhat successful.
THE WEST: BARBARIAN CONVERSION
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THE EAST: BYZANTINE EMPIRE
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As things change, they stay the same…
Byzantine Empire = Eastern Roman Empire
Roman Model of Government still used with Emperor
appointing military commanders etc.
People still heavily taxed
After the time of Justinian they went from Latin to
Greek as the preferred language
The bezat was the standard gold coin of international
trade
THE EAST: BYZANTIUM PROSPERS
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Constantine was the fi rst Christian Emperor, he was appointed by God as Christ’s representative
The Emperors that succeeded Constantine therefore also were seen as the peoples connection to God and ruled the church with an iron fist.
There were 2 leading church offi cials…
In Byzantium – the Patriarch = head of the church In the Byzantine Empire the Patriarch would still be under
control of the Emperor
In Rome – the Pope = head of the church In Rome…there is no Emperor anymore? So the Pope had more
freedom.
BYZANTIUM & THE CHURCH
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They co-exist for about 500 years (during the Early Middle Ages)
11 th Century there is a divide…
BYZANTIUMThe Greek Orthodox Church following the Emperor & Patriarch of the Church
ROMEThe Roman Catholic Church following the Pope (this means the church is free to try and spread Christianity at its own will).
THE CHURCH SPLITS
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HEADS OF THE CHURCH
ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
THE POPE
EASTERN ORTHODOX CHURCH
THE BYZANTINE EMPEROR
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AKA: Justinian the Great (getting a little redundant now isn’t it)
Attempts to Re-conquer & Re-unite Rome as a Christian Empire
Completely crushes the last remnants of the previous ‘pagan’ religion (The Olympians)
Justinian Code: Took 16 years to finish, clarified all the old Roman laws, gave instruction on how property was passed to heirs, how disputes should be resolved. Became the basis of Civil Law in Europe and across the world.
BYZANTINE EMPIRE: JUSTINIAN