Transition from the Transition from the Middle Ages to the Middle Ages to the

RenaissanceRenaissance

Feudal PyramidFeudal Pyramid

King

Lord

Vassal

Knight

Serf or Peasant or Townspeople

Decline of FeudalismDecline of Feudalism

►1. Attacks on the Church1. Attacks on the Church

►2. The Black Death2. The Black Death

►3. The Hundred Years War 3. The Hundred Years War

The Church WeakensThe Church Weakens

► Medieval Monarchs opposed the Medieval Monarchs opposed the Church’s political power because:Church’s political power because:

1.1. Clergy and monasteries did not pay Clergy and monasteries did not pay royal taxes. $ sent to Rome instead of royal taxes. $ sent to Rome instead of Royal treasuryRoyal treasury

2.2. Church courts competed with royal Church courts competed with royal courtscourts

3.3. Church officials interfered in political Church officials interfered in political matters.matters.

Church WeakensChurch Weakens

►Babylonian Captivity (1309 -1378)Babylonian Captivity (1309 -1378)

►The Great Schism 1378 The Great Schism 1378 ►* One Pope in Avignon, one in Rome* One Pope in Avignon, one in Rome

►Demands for reformDemands for reform►* John Wycliff* John Wycliff►* John Huss* John Huss

                                                                                                                                                                                                           

Picture from John Wycliff’s Bible

THE TRIUMPH OF DEATHTHE TRIUMPH OF DEATH

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

                                                                                                                                                                    

Pieter Brueghel "the Elder" (c.1530-1569) Pieter Brueghel "the Elder" (c.1530-1569)

The Black PlagueThe Black Plague

► Forms: pneumonic plague; septicemic Forms: pneumonic plague; septicemic plague; bubonic plagueplague; bubonic plague

► Spread – Silk Road through Gobi DesertSpread – Silk Road through Gobi Desert• Began in Sicily in 1347, hit Russia within 6 Began in Sicily in 1347, hit Russia within 6

yearsyears

Factor that led to spread = IgnoranceFactor that led to spread = Ignorance

BLACK PLAGUE KILLED 1/3 OF THE BLACK PLAGUE KILLED 1/3 OF THE POPULATIONPOPULATION

The Black PlagueThe Black Plague

                                                                           

On the Left: The second pandemic of the Black Death in Europe (1347-51)

Joan of ArcJoan of Arc

                                        

Hundred Years WarHundred Years War

War between France and Great BritainWar between France and Great Britain

►1337-14531337-1453►English were winning for first 90 years English were winning for first 90 years

due to advancements in technology.due to advancements in technology. Long bowLong bow CannonsCannons MercinariesMercinaries

►1429 Joan of Arc led French Forces1429 Joan of Arc led French Forces►Absolute rule instituted by Louis XIAbsolute rule instituted by Louis XI

Medieval Marketplace Medieval Marketplace

Town LifeTown Life

► Middle AgesMiddle Ages

- towns were small and - towns were small and based on agriculture; based on agriculture; people lived in the people lived in the countrysidecountryside

- nobles held most nobles held most power; owned land and power; owned land and provided knights for provided knights for protectionprotection

- Status determined by Status determined by birthrightbirthright

► RenaissanceRenaissance- towns grew society towns grew society

began to be based on began to be based on commerce; people commerce; people moved to citiesmoved to cities

- Middle class gains Middle class gains power; limited power of power; limited power of feudal lords through feudal lords through charters; organized charters; organized banksbanks

- Status determined by Status determined by wealth and abilitywealth and ability

Growth of Italian City StatesGrowth of Italian City States

Rise of RenaissanceRise of Renaissance

►1. Growth of Cities1. Growth of Cities

►2. Rise of Merchant/Middle 2. Rise of Merchant/Middle classclass

►3. Rise of Humanism3. Rise of Humanism

RenaissanceRenaissance

Definition:Definition:

Rebirth of Rebirth of ancient Greek ancient Greek and Roman and Roman art, learning art, learning and cultureand culture

FIVE THEMESFIVE THEMES►IndividualismIndividualism►WorldlinessWorldliness►LearningLearning►AntiquityAntiquity►ReformReform

HumanismHumanism

Individualism:Individualism:- belief in the belief in the

human potentialhuman potential

Learning:Learning:

-studied Greek, -studied Greek, Latin, astronomy, Latin, astronomy, math, literature, math, literature, history history

Petrarch

ANTIQUITY- ANCIENT GREEK AND ROMAN CULTURE

Age of DiscoveryAge of Discovery

►WorldlinessWorldliness

►1492 1492 Columbus Columbus sailed the sailed the ocean blueocean blue

Protestant ReformationProtestant Reformation

►Reform:Reform:

-challenge the -challenge the old orderold order

-rise of -rise of secularismsecularism