Transit services: gathering data from vehicle operations
Transcript of Transit services: gathering data from vehicle operations
Prof. Ing. Antonio Comi Teoria dei Sistemi di Trasporto 1 + 2 (9 CFU)
Teoria dei Sistemi di Trasporto 1 + 2 (9 CFU)
A. A. 2020 - 2021
Transit services:gathering data from vehicle operations
prof. ing. Antonio Comi
Department of Enterprise Engineering
University of Rome Tor Vergata
Prof. Ing. Antonio Comi Teoria dei Sistemi di Trasporto 1 + 2 (9 CFU)
Introduction
➢ Nowsday, the practice points out that data are available to mobility
agency or to transit operators for planning, management and
operations control
*AVL-based methods (AVL - automated vehicle location) or AVM (automated vehicle
monitoring) systems give more accurate information, especially in time and space, than do
other item-specific automated methods and, therefore, can be looked at as a separate
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manual-based
methods
automated-based
methods*
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Introduction
➢ manual-based methods
➢ automated-based
methods
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High costs and
then limited use
Although they are developing
rapidly, they are not always linked
with the real needs of planning,
management and operation control
of transit systems
Having too much data is often as bad as having too little
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Data usage
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➢ User side: to provide an answer to the base needs of
transport/transit systems
✓For example: Where is the closest stop? What time should I be at the stop?…
➢ Operator side: to provide a support to transport operators for
improving the service supplied✓For example: How can the network of routes, stops and terminals be improved?
How can each route be improved? What is the best timetable to deliver? How can
fleet size be minimized while maintaining the same level-of-service? How can
crew cost be minimized without service changes?, …
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The three important keys for a successful transit system
➢ Gathering and comprehending adequate data
➢ Using the data collected for intelligent planning and decisions
➢ Employing the plans and decisions for astutely conducted
operations and control
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Data-collection techniques
➢ Point check
➢ Ride check
➢ Deadhead check
➢ Passenger survey
➢ Population survey
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Data-collection techniquesPoint check
Point check is usually described as counts and measurements
performed by a checker stationed at a transit stop.
➢ The stop selected is virtually the maximum (peak) load point, at
which the transit vehicle departing this stop has, on average, the
maximum on-board load across all route segments.)
➢ For each vehicle passing the stop, the point check usually contains
load counts, arrival and departure times, and vehicle and route
identifications.
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Data-collection techniques (1/2)Ride check
Ride check refers to counts and measurements performed by either a
checker riding the transit vehicle along the entire route or an
automated instrument (hence, replacing the human checker).Ride check refers to counts and measurements performed by either a checker riding the transit vehicle
along the entire route or an automated instrument (hence, replacing the human checker). The ride check
contains mainly on and off passenger counts, from which one can derive the on-board passenger load for
each route segment, arrival and departure times for each stop, and sometimes item-specific surveys or
measurements (vehicle running speed, boarding by fare category, gender of passengers and baggage
size), and record farebox readings
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Common automated instrument for
ride checks, called Automated
Passenger Counter (APC)
It cannot, however, replace the checker
in counting boarding by fare category
and in surveying passengers.
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Data-collection techniques (2/2)Ride check – example of main info obtained
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➢ The point check allows us to obtain the
load between two consecutive stops
➢ The ride check allow us to obtain the
entire load profile by either time or
space can be shown
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Data-collection techniquesDeadhead check
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Deadhead check refers to the average vehicle running time between an arrival point on one
route and a departure point on another route. This deadheading time is required in a transit
system with interlining routes. It is measured mainly by agency cars travelling along the
shortest path (in time) between the two route end points. This shortest path varies by time of
day, day of week and type of day.
Time Time
Deadhead time
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➢ On board
➢ At stop
➢ At transfer stop
➢ by mail or at phone
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Data-collection techniquesPassenger survey
Info obtained
➢ Origin and destination of travel
➢ Access and egress modes and
distances
➢ Trip purpose
➢ Routes selected on a trip
➢ Fare paid
➢ Type of payment
➢ Frequency of use by time of day
➢ Socio-economic and attitude
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These surveys are usually interview-based, involving both
transit users and nonusers, in order to capture
➢ public attitudes and opinions about transit service
changes (including the impact on household location
decisions), fare changes, and transportation, traffic and
land-use projects.
The population interviews of users and non-users also
address the vital issues of potential ridership, market
segmentation, market opportunities and suggestions for new
transit initiatives.
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Data-collection techniquesPopulation survey
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Data collection methods and resultant analysis and service elements (1/2)
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Ceder, A. (2015). Public Transit Planning and Operation: Modeling, Practice and Behavior, Second Edition. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group
Prof. Ing. Antonio Comi Teoria dei Sistemi di Trasporto 1 + 2 (9 CFU)
Data collection methods and resultant analysis and service elements (2/2)
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Ceder, A. (2015). Public Transit Planning and Operation: Modeling, Practice and Behavior, Second Edition. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group
Prof. Ing. Antonio Comi Teoria dei Sistemi di Trasporto 1 + 2 (9 CFU)
Monitoring transit fleet (AVM/AVL)
AVM/AVL system plays a key-role in transit operations and
represents the tools through that the transport operator makes
➢ management
➢ monitoring
➢ real-time location of vehicle fleet
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AVM
(Automatic Vehicle Monitoring)
Monitoring of the operational status
of vehicles by revealing and tracing
of a set of service metrics
AVL (Automatic Vehicle Location)Location system in real time of vehicle that
integrates the GPS technology with GIS.
The control room asks the on-board unit and it
communicates the position. Other times, at each
time point the on-board unit communicates the
position.
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Monitoring transit fleet (AVM/AVL)
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Elaborating data on real-time position of each vehicle in space and
time
Real time
stored
Providing info to users
(through panel at stop or through
internet) to elaborate statistics on transit
functioningUsed by operators for supervising
the service
(e.g., to limit the impacts of delay
occurring during service time)
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Automatic Vehicle MonitoringMain functions
1. Programming the service provided (data acquisition in the field)
2. Operational management
3. Maintenance management (detection of anomalies and
malfunctions)
4. Summary of historical operating data and report generation
5. User information
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Automatic Vehicle MonitoringComponents
➢ On-board system
➢ Control room
➢ Electronic panel system
➢ Other user information systems
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Each bus is equipped with an on-board computer with GPS location
capable of communicating with the Operations Center.
Functions
➢ Real-time location via GPS
➢ Collect data on the service
➢ Manage routes and send information to travelers on board
➢ Communicate bi-directionally with the Operations Center
➢ Communicate bi-directionally with the poles at the stop
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Automatic Vehicle Monitoringon-board system
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It is composed of: AVM Server, DBMS Server (database), Monitoring
Client.
Functions
➢ To constantly follow each bus during its journey
➢ To show the localized vehicles
➢ To manage the operating program of the lines (timetables, shifts)
➢ To archive the information collected and generate reports to improve the monitoring and planning of
activities
➢ To check the regularity of the service and the operating methods
➢ To communicate in real time with the fleet and information poles to view the arrival times at the
stops
➢ To analyze the flow of bus traffic to study plans to improve urban mobility
➢ To analyze the passenger counter flows using the data received
➢ To supervise the cars in case of emergency through the on-board video surveillance system
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Automatic Vehicle MonitoringControl room (1/2)
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The calculation of the significant changes on the journey times of the
vehicles
1. The single bus AVM system preloaded a service schedule (transit time in some
places)
2. If the position of the bus is different, the system calculates the difference in the
times and determines if you are early or late
3. The anomaly is reported to the operator
4. The operator can support the driver on alternative routes (chosen based on the
actual network configuration) in order to promptly realign the bus on the
roadmap and avoid disservice
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Automatic Vehicle MonitoringControl room (2/2)
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They are information panels based on a display with LED matrix
technology
They communicate with the operations center via the GPRS channel
(most used or in general the 2G-4G network), and are updated in real
time by the central server without the need for operator intervention.
They include the information signs placed at the stops and the
summary boards of departure and arrival of the vehicles.
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Automatic Vehicle MonitoringElectonic panel
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Automatic Vehicle Monitoring
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source: Trasporto Pubblico Locale – risorse, pianificazione, esercizio a cura di G. Corona, D. C. Festa, EGAF (pag. 735).
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Dissemination of information to users
The information can be sent widely or the user can access it according
to the needs of the moment.
The information can be transmitted via
➢ On-board devices
➢ Ground devices, arranged along the infrastructure, at interchange
nodes, in service areas or at stops
➢ Web portals
➢ Applications and services on smartphones, tablets, PDAs
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Prof. Ing. Antonio Comi Teoria dei Sistemi di Trasporto 1 + 2 (9 CFU)
On-board passengers can have access to some info such as, next stop,
progress of the route on the map, program change notices and other
news
➢ Line and destination indicators
➢ Line and destination voice announcement
➢ Next stop audiovisual system
➢ On board multimedia system (real time info on
routes, travel times, etc.)
➢ Ground information system
✓ Variable message signals
✓ Information pannels
✓ Multimedia kiosks
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Dissemination of information to usersOn-board information system
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Bibliography
➢ Corona, G., Festa, D. C. (2016), eds. Trasporto Pubblico Locale –
risorse, pianificazione, esercizio, EGAF.
➢ Ceder, A. (2015). Public Transit Planning and Operation:
Modeling, Practice and Behavior, Second Edition. CRC Press,
Taylor & Francis Group.
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