Transit City Legal Opinion - Jan 26, 2012

8/3/2019 Transit City Legal Opinion - Jan 26, 2012

1/19

KHYHCC]__E FH\M[ [FLCLNGUUUUUUUUU UkULGUÛ\PMU ) EPGL[F CCR>:> @h~f}p{~ [~pmm~[}l~m ;22êpeg~e# Eg~hple D=^ 0[9^mcmrfegm >89$$888=Ihk{ldlcm >89$$=689, $==02%==88iapl{~ohg{egBkhyhcc}z'ked%hnhpphkfBkhyhcc}e'kedLpmgm ]p`hghylkl}{l}p`hghylkl}{Bkhyhcc}e'ked880;06

\e} fhym h{amn }{ zfm~fmp Dh|ep Pe` Iepn fhn ~fm h}~fepl~| ~e khgkmc ^phg{l~ Kl~| zl~fe}~h}~feplh~leg iped ~fm êpeg~e Kl~| Ke}gklc' Zm fhym kegkc}nmn ~fh~ fm fhn ge {}kf h}~fepl~|'^fl{ erlgleg l{ epjhglmn h{ ieccez{?H' Mvmk}~lym [}ddhp| '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 0@' @hkajpe}gn ~e ^phg{l~ Kl~| '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ;L' ^fm Nmymcerdmg~ ei ^phg{l~ Kl~| ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ;0' Kl~| Ke}gklc*{ Pecm ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' >;' Dh|ep Pe` Iepn*{ Pecm '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' :K' Cmjhc Iphdmzepa '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' =>:>9'8t


2/19

0

H' Mvmk}~lym [}ddhp|

^fpe}jfe}~ ~fm rmplen 022: ~e 0282# ~fm êpeg~e ^phg{l~ Keddl{{leg &~fm "^LK", hgn~fm êpeg~e Kl~| Ke}gklc &"Kl~| Ke}gklc" ep "Ke}gklc", pmkmlymn pmrep~{# keg{lnmpmn# hgn ye~mneg h{rmk~{ ei zfh~ zh{ keddegc| agezg h{ ^phg{l~ Kl~|' ^fm| nm{ljgh~mn ie}p rplepl~|rpeomk~{' ^fm| ye~mn i}gnlgj hccekh~leg{ iep ~fm{m rpeomk~{' Kl~| Ke}gklc nmkchpmn ^phg{l~ Kl~|l~{ ilp{~ rplepl~| zl~f pm{rmk~ ~e ~phg{l~'

Eg Nmkmd`mp 8# 0282# gmzc| mcmk~mn Dh|ep Iepn# zl~fe}~ ~fm hrrpeyhc ei Kl~| Ke}gklc#r}prep~mn ~e khgkmc ^phg{l~ Kl~|' Fm nlpmk~mn ~fh~ zepa eg ^phg{l~ Kl~| `m {~errmn# hgn ~fh~pm{e}pkm{ `m hccekh~mn ~e e~fmp rpeomk~{ h{ fm nlpmk~mn' ^fm ^LK ieccezmn ~fl{ nlpmk~leg' Eg ephè}~ Dhpkf ;8# 0288# hjhlg zl~fe}~ ~fm hrrpeyhc ei Kl~| Ke}gklc# Dh|ep Iepn r}prep~mn ~emg~mp lg~e h Dmdephgn}d ei ]gnmp{~hgnlgj &~fm "Dh|ep *{ DE]", eg `mfhci ei ~fm Kl~| eiêpeg~e zl~f ~fm Rpeylgkm ei Eg~hple hgn Dm~peclgv# ~fm rpeylgkm*{ ~phg{rep~h~leg hjmgk|']gnmp ~fm Dh|ep*{ DE]# Dh|ep Iepn r}prep~mn ~e kegilpd ~fm lg~mg~ ei ~fm Kl~| ei êpeg~e ~emgn ^phg{l~ Kl~|# dham hc~mpgh~lym ~phg{l~ rchg{# hgn pmld`}p{m Dm~peclgv iep geg$pmkeymph`cm{}ga ke{~{ h{{eklh~mn zl~f ~fm nlpmk~leg ei Kl~| Ke}gklc ~e ldrcmdmg~ ^phg{l~ Kl~|' ^fmpm hpm~ze dhoep l{{}m{ zl~f pm{rmk~ ~e Dh|ep Iepn*{ kegn}k~ zl~f pm{rmk~ ~e ^phg{l~ Kl~|' Ilp{~# fm nlnge~ ieccez ~fm rpermp rpekmn}pm iep e`~hlglgj Kl~| Ke}gklc*{ h}~feplh~leg ~e pm{klgn ^phg{l~Kl~| hgn nmymcer hgn hrrpeym hg hc~mpgh~m rchg' [mkegn# fm r}prep~mn ~e mg~mp lg~e ~fm Dh|ep*{DE] eg mfhci ei ~fm Kl~| ei êpeg~e zl~fe}~ Kl~| Ke}gklc*{ hrrpeyhc# hgn# depm ldrep~hg~c|#hrrmhp{ ~e fhym hk~mn eg ~fm Dh|ep*{ DE] zl~fe}~ ilp{~ e`~hlglgj ~fm h}~feplh~leg{ ~fmnek}dmg~ l~{mci pmx}lpm{ ~e `m ermph~leghc'

H{ zm i}p~fmp nl{k}{{ `mcez# Dh|ep Iepn nln ge~ fhym ~fm h}~fepl~|# zl~fe}~ ~fm hrrpeyhchgn nlpmk~leg ei Kl~| Ke}gklc# ~e?

qK2>=>:>9'( t


3/19

;

8' Khgkmc ^phg{l~ Kl~|10' Nlpmk~ ~fm ^LK Kflmi Jmgmphc Dhghjmp ~e pmnlpmk~ pm{e}pkm{ hzh| iped

^phg{l~ Kl~| lgl~lh~lym{1;' Nlpmk~ ~fm ^LK ~e nmymcer h gmz ~phg{l~ rchg1 hgn>' [ljg ~fm Dh|ep*{ DE] r}prep~lgj ~e m{~h`cl{f ~fm lg~mg~ ei ~fm Kl~| ei

êpeg~e ~e mgn ^phg{l~ Kl~| hgn dham hc~mpgh~lym ~phg{rep~h~leg rchg{# zfmgKe}gklc*{ lg~mg~ ~e nh~m h{ m{~h`cl{fmn `| Ke}gklc pm{ec}~leg{ l{ ~e {}rrep~^phg{l~ Kl~|'

Kl~| Ke}gklc# eizflkf Dh|ep Iepn l{ h rhp~# fh{ ~fm h}~fepl~| ~e ne ~fe{m ~flgj{' L~ fh{ge~ negm {e' ^fm Dh|ep fh{ ge~ ~hamg ~fm{m lgl~lh~lym{ iep hrrpeyhc ~e Kl~| Ke}gklc'

]gnmp ~fm Kl~| h%êpeg~e Hk~# ~fm rezmp ei ~fm Kl~| pm{lnm{ lg Kl~| Ke}gklc' ^fm Dh|epeiêpeg~e fh{ ymp| cl~~cm lgnmrmgnmg~ h}~fepl~| `m|egn fl{ pecm h{ fmhn eiKl~| Ke}gklc' ]gcm{{{rmklilk rezmp l{ nmcmjh~mn ~e fld# ~fm Dh|ep nem{ ge~ fhym ~fm h}~fepl~| ~e {rmha iep ~fm Kl~|lgnmrmgnmg~c|'

@mcez# zm nl{k}{{ ~fm fl{~ep| ei^phg{l~ Kl~|# zl~f rhp~lk}chp iek}{ eg ~fm {~mr{ ~hamg `|Kl~| Ke}gklc ~e hrrpeym hgn ldrcmdmg~ ~fm rpejphd' Zm ~fmg nl{k}{{ ~fm d}glklrhc cmjhciphdmzepa zl~f pm{rmk~ ~e ~fm h}~fepl~| ei ~fm Dh|ep ei ~fm Kl~| eiêpeg~e' Zm kegkc}nm `|mvhdlglgj ~fm {~mr{ ~hamg `| Dh|ep Iepn {lgkm Nmkmd`mp 8# 0282 ~e nm~mpdlgm zfm~fmp fm fhn~fm h}~fepl~| ~e ne ~fm hk~{ fm fh{ r}prep~mn ~e ne'

@' @hkajpe}gn ~e ^phg{l~ Kl~|

8' ^fm Nmymcerdmg~ ei ^phg{l~ Kl~|

LK2>=>:>9'Lt


4/19

>^fm ~phg{l~ rpejphd agezg h{ ^phg{l~ Kl~| zh{ rpere{mn `| ~fmg$Dh|ep Nhyln Dlccmp

hgn ~fmg$Kfhlp ei ~fm ^LK Hnhd Jlhd`pegm eg Dhpkf 89# 022:' L~ khccmn iep# hdegj e~fmp~flgj{?

[mymg &:, gmz cljf~ phlc &"CP^", clgm{ ]rjphnlgj hgn mv~mgnlgj ~fm [khp`epe}jf phrln ~phg{l~ &"P^", clgm @}{ phrln ~phg{l~ chgm{ Kfhgjm{ ~e {kfmn}cm{ eg fljf$rplepl~| `}{ pe}~m{

Eg Dhpkf 08# 022:# ~fl{ ^phg{l~ Kl~| Rchg zh{ hrrpeymn `| ~fm ^LK' Eg O}gm 8=# 022:#~fm Rpeylgkm ei Eg~hple hgge}gkmn l~{ Deym Eg~hple 0202 rchg# zflkf lgkc}nmn ^phg{l~ Kl~|' L

0' Kl~| Ke}gklc*{ Pecm

Kl~| Ke}gklc keg{lnmpmn hgn ye~mn eg mcmdmg~{ ei ~fm ^phg{l~ Kl~| rpere{hc ~fpe}jfe}~022:$0282'0 Iep mvhdrcm?8' Eg O}c| 89# 022:# Ke}gklc hner~mn ~fm de~leg ~fh~ Kl~| Ke}gklc {fe}cn# h{ rhp~ ei hKcldh~m Kfhgjm# Kcmhg Hlp hgn [}{~hlgh`cm Mgmpj| Hk~leg Rchg?

&h, "Nlpmk~ ~fm lgl~lh~leg ei hrrperplh~m mgylpegdmg~hc hgn mgjlgmmplgj {~}nlm{ iep ~fm^phg{l~ Kl~| rchg hgn pmx}m{~ ~fm Jmgmphc Dhghjmp ei ~fm ^epeg~e ^phg{l~Keddl{{leg ~e {}`dl~ ~e ~fm Mvmk}~lym Keddl~~mm lg 022: h {kfmn}cm iep ~fmkedrcm~leg ei hiepmdmg~legmn {~}nlm{ hgn h ilghgklhc rchg lgkc}nlgj i}gnlgj{e}pkm{ hgn pmymg}m ~eec{"

8 Eiilkm ei ~fm Rpmdlmp# Rpm{{ Pmcmh{m "DkJ}lg~| Jeympgdmg~ Hk~leg Rchg Iep Phrln ^phg{l~ Zlcc Deym ^fmMkeged| Iepzhpn"# &O}gm 8: #0229, egclgm?f ~ ~ r ? % % z z z ' r p m d l m p ' j e y ' e g ' k h % g m z { % m y m g ~ ' r f r 5 L ~ m d L N w > 2 8 < ) C h g j 4 M g 0 Keddl~~mm{ ei Ke}gklc# lgkc}nlgj ~fm Mvmk}~lym Keddl~~mm# ~fm @}njm~ Keddl~~mm# ~fm Rchgglgj hgn Jpez~fDhghjmdmg~ Keddl~~mm hgn ~fm Mkegedlk Nmymcerdmg~ Keddl~~mm hcc keg{lnmpmn nliimpmg~ mcmdmg~{ h~ nliimpmg~rmplen{ ei ~ldm' Nl{k}{{leg h~ ~fm keddl~~mm cmymc l{ `m|egn ~fm {kerm ei ~fl{ cm~~mp'qK2>=>:>9'8 t


5/19

=

& , Rpmrhpm lg 022: h [}{~hlgh`cm phg{rep~h~leg Ldrcmdmg~h~leg [~ph~mj|# ~fh~ nphz{iped hgn l{ keg{l{~mg~ zl~f mvl{~lgj reclklm{ hgn rchg{ &m'j'''' ^phg{l~ Kl~|Rchg '' ,

0' Eg Dhpkf ;# > hgn =# 0226# Ke}gklc hner~mn ~fm de~leg{?

&h, ^fh~ ~fm Jpmh~mp ^epeg~e Hlprep~{ H}~fepl~|# Dm~peclgv# JE ^phg{l~ hgn ~fm ^LK{fe}cn `m pmx}m{~mn ~e nmymcer h {~ph~mj| ~fh~ dljf~ lgyecym "~fm re{{l`lcl~| ei`plgjlgj egm ep depm ei ~fm ^phg{l~ Kl~| cljf~ phlc clgm{ ~e ~fm hlprep~'

&`, ^fh~ Kl~| Ke}gklc iepzhpn ~fm [fmrrhpn Kepplnep [~}n| ~e ~fm ^LK iepkeg{lnmph~leg n}plgj ~fm ^phg{l~ Kl~|# [fmrrhpn Mh{~ Cljf~ Phlc Clgm Kch{{Mgylpegdmg~hc H{{m{{dmg~ [~}n|'"

;' Eg O}c| 8:# 0226# Kl~| Ke}gklc hrrpeymn ~fm de~leg ~fh~ "Kl~| Ke}gklc hrrpeym ~fmpmkeddmgnh~leg{ ei ~fm [fmrrhpn Mh{~ CP^ Mgylpegdmg~hc H{{m{{dmg~ {~}n| ~e hccez {~hii ~e`mjlg nm~hlcmn nm{ljg h{ {eeg h{ re{{l`cm# hgn `m lg h re{l~leg ~e `mjlg keg{~p}k~leg ei ~fl{ ilp{~^phg{l~ Kl~| cljf~ phlc clgm lg 022


6/19

9egc| ~fh~ Dm~peclgv `m pmx}m{~mn ~e rplepl~lm ~fm Nezg~ezg Pmclmi Clgm' Egde~leg iped [}hg Fhcc# rh{{mn `| h dhoepl~| ei Kl~| Ke}gklc# lgkc}nlgj ~fmgKe}gklccep Iepn# ~fm hnnl~leghc chgj}hjm "ge~lgj ~fh~ ^phg{l~ Kl~| l{ ~fm ilp{~rplepl~| iep ~fm ^epeg~e ^phg{l~ Keddl{{leg hgn ~fm Kl~| ei^epeg~e" zh{ hnnmn'

=' Eg [mr~md`mp ;2 hgn Ek~e`mp 8# 022


7/19

:

;' Dh|ep Pe` Iepn*{ Pecm

Pe` Iepn zh{ mcmk~mn Dh|ep eiêpeg~e eg Ek~e`mp 09#0282' Eg Nmkmd`mp 8# 0282# fl{ilp{~ nh| lg eiilkm# Dh|ep Iepn hgge}gkmn? "Chnlm{ hgn Jmg~cmdmg# ~fm zhp eg ~fm khp {~er{~enh| ''' ^phg{l~ Kl~| l{ eymp'##> Dh|ep Iepn khccmn h dmm~lgj zl~f ^LK Kflmi Jmgmphc DhghjmpJhp| Zm`{~mp' Dh|ep Iepn pmrep~mn ~fh~ ~fm jehc iep ~fl{ dmm~lgj zh{ "~e dham l~ x}l~m kcmhp ~fh~QZm`{~mpT }gnmp{~een ~fh~ ^phg{l~ Kl~|*{ eymp hgn ~fm zhp eg ~fm khp l{ eymp hgn# hcc gmz {}`zh|mvrhg{leg l{ jelgj }gnmpjpe}gn'"{ Dp' Zm`{~mp ~ecn pmrep~mp{ ~fh~ ~fm 8=2 {~hii h{{ljgmn ~ezepa eg ^phg{l~ Kl~| ze}cn `m pmh{{ljgmn ~e zepa eg h gmz# Dh|ep Iepn$nlpmk~mn# ~phg{l~ rchg'Dh|ep Iepn hkagezcmnjmn ~fh~ Kl~| Ke}gklc*{ {}rrep~ ze}cn `m gmmnmn ~e dham ~fm kfhgjm ~e~fm rpeomk~' 9

[lgkm ~fh~ nh~m# Dh|ep Iepn fh{ ge~ `pe}jf~ ~fm dh~~mp ei ^phg{l~ Kl~| ~e Kl~| Ke}gklc'Nm{rl~m ~fh~# l~ zh{ hgge}gkmn eg Dhpkf ;8# 0288# ~fh~ ~fm Kl~| ei êpeg~e# ~fm Rpeylgkm eiEg~hple hgn Dm~peclgv fhn mg~mpmn lg~e ~fm Dh|ep*{ DE] pmjhpnlgj ~fm h gmz ~phg{l~ rchg }gnmpzflkf* ~fm mvl{~lgj [fmrrhpn {}`zh| ze}cn `m mv~mgnmn &~fm "êpeg~e Rpeomk~{", hgn hg}gnmpjpe}gn Mjclg~eg$[khpèpe}jf CP^ &~fm "Dm~peclgv Rpeomk~", ze}cn `m `}lc~': ^fmDh|ep*{ DE] l{ nl{k}{{mn lg depm nm~hlc `mcez'

Lg m{{mgkm# ~fm Dh|ep*{ DE] r}prep~{ ~e m{~h`cl{f lg~mg~ eg ~fm rhp~ ei ~fm Kl~| eiêpeg~e ~e khgkmc ^phg{l~ Kl~|# i}ggmc pmdhlglgj i}gnlgj ~e hge~fmp rpeomk~# hgn pmkedrmg{mDm~peclgv iep {}ga ke{~{ pmch~mn ~e ^phg{l~ Kl~|' L~ fh{ `mmg zlnmc| pmrep~mn ~fh~ ~fm ke{~ ei

> ^m{{ Ahclgez{al hgn Nhyln Plnmp# "*Zhp eg ~fm khp l{ eymp*? Iepn deym{ ~phg{l~ }gnmpjpe}gn"# êpeg~e [~hp&Nmkmd`mp 0# 0282, egclgm? f~~r?%%zzz'~fm{~hp'kedcgmz{%hp~lkcm%6


8/19

6khgkmcclgj ^phg{l~ Kl~| ke}cn `m h{ fljf h{ .9= dlccleg'{ Zflcm ~fm Dh|ep*{ DE]hkagezcmnjm{ ~fh~ ~fm Dh|ep nem{ ge~ fhym ~fm h}~fepl~| ~e mvmk}~m ~fm nek}dmg~# hgn ~fh~ Kl~|Ke}gklc hgn e~fmp hrrpeyhc{ hpm gmkm{{hp|# ~fm Dh|ep*{ DE] fh{ gegm~fmcm{{ `mmg hk~mn }reg' ^epeg~e Kedr}~mp Cmh{lgj Lgx}lp| Pm{mhpkf Rhrmp# D}glklrhc Jeympghgkm# Yec}dm 8? Eympylmz 2%Hrrpehkfm{#Geymd`mp# 022;'8= L`ln' [mm nl{k}{{leg h~ r' 89'qK2>=>:>9'8t


10/19

82denmc ei d}glklrhc jeympghgkm'##89 ^fm ^phg{l~ Kl~| dh~~mp d}{~ `m hghc|{mn zl~flg ~fm{~h~}~ep| iphdmzepa ei~fm zmha Dh|ep%{~pegj Ke}gklc denmc'

0' ^fm Pecm ei Ke}gklc

^fm am| nmilglgj imh~}pm ei d}glklrhc jeympghgkm lg Eg~hple# }gnmp è~f ~fm D}glklrhcHk~ hgn ~fm Kl~| 2% êpeg~e Hk~# l{ ~fh~ d}glklrhc rezmp hgn h}~fepl~| l{ jmgmphcc| mvmpkl{mn `|Kl~| Ke}gklc# hgn ~fm Dh|ep fh{ ymp| cl~~cm iepdhc h}~fepl~| e}~{lnm ei kfhlplgj Kl~| Ke}gklcdmm~lgj{' H{ Keddl{{legmp @mcchd| {~h~m{? 8:

^fm de{~ ldrep~hg~ jpe}gn p}cm l{ ~fh~ Ke}gklc l{ ~fm{e}pkm%rpldhp| cek}{ ei hcde{~ hcc h}~fepl~| zl~f pmch~lymc| imzmvkmr~leg{# lgkc}nlgj hcc cmjl{ch~lym h}~fepl~|' Ke}gklc dham{ ~fmnmkl{leg{ zl~f pm{rmk~ ~e zfm~fmp hgn ~e zfh~ mv~mg~ ~e nmcmjh~m~fl{ h}~fepl~| ~e e~fmp{# lgkc}nlgj ~fm Dh|ep# yhple}{ {~hgnlgj epe~fmp keddl~~mm{# hgn ~fm hndlgl{~ph~lym {~hii' ^fm {~h~}~ep|h}~fepl~| ei ~fm Dh|ep%fmhn ei Ke}gklc l{ hk~}hcc| x}l~m cldl~mn#zl~f h {~pegj mdrfh{l{ eg ~fm pm{reg{l`lcl~| ~e kfhlp Ke}gklcdmm~lgj{'

^fm pecm ei Kl~| Ke}gklc l{ {m~ e}~ lg ~fm Kl~| h%êpeg~e Hk~ h{ ieccez{?

89 L`ln' h~ r' >>'8: L`ln'qK2>=>:>9'8t

Pecm ei kl~| ke}gklc8;8' L~ l{ ~fm pecm ei kl~| ke}gklc#&h, ~e pmrpm{mg~ ~fm r}`clk hgn ~e keg{lnmp ~fm zmcc$`mlgj hgnlg~mpm{~{ ei ~fm Kl~|1&`, ~e nmymcer hgn myhc}h~m ~fm reclklm{ hgn rpejphd{ ei ~fm Kl~|1&k, ~e nm~mpdlgm zflkf {mpylkm{ ~fm Kl~| rpeylnm{1&n, ~e mg{}pm ~fh~ hndlgl{~ph~lym reclklm{# rphk~lkm{ hgn rpekmn}pm{hgn keg~peccmp{flr reclklm{# rphk~lkm{ hgn rpekmn}pm{ hpm lg rchkm ~eldrcmdmg~ ~fm nmkl{leg{ ei ke}gklc1


11/19

88

&m, ~e mg{}pm ~fm hkke}g~h`lcl~| hgn ~phg{rhpmgk| ei ~fm ermph~leg{ei ~fm Kl~|# lgkc}nlgj ~fm hk~lyl~lm{ ei ~fm {mglep dhghjmdmg~ ei~fm Kl~|1&i, ~e dhlg~hlg ~fm ilghgklhc lg~mjpl~| ei ~fm Kl~|1 hgn&j, ~e khpp| e}~ ~fm n}~lm{ ei ke}gklc }gnmp ~fl{ ep hg| e~fmp Hk~'

Lg epnmp ~e khpp| e}~ l~{ pecm{# Kl~| Ke}gklc fh{ ~fm ieccezlgj rezmp{? 86

Rezmp{ ei kl~| ke}gklc8;0' &L, ^fm rezmp{ ei ~fm Kl~| {fhcc `m mvmpkl{mn `| kl~| ke}gklc'[hdm&0, Hg|~flgj `mj}g `| egm ke}gklc dh| `m keg~lg}mn hgnkedrcm~mn `| h {}kkmmnlgj ke}gklc'@|$chz&;, H rezmp ei ~fm Kl~|# lgkc}nlgj ~fm Kl~|*{ khrhkl~|# pljf~{#rezmp{ hgn rplylcmjm{ }gnmp {mk~leg :# {fhcc `m mvmpkl{mn `| `|chz }gcm{{ ~fm Kl~| l{ {rmklilkhcc| h}~feplmn ~e ne e~fmpzl{m'[kerm&>, [}`{mk~leg{ &L, ~e &;, hrrc| ~e hcc ei ~fm Kl~|*{ rezmp{#zfm~fmp kegimppmn `| ~fl{ Hk~ ep e~fmpzl{m'

[rmklilkhcc| zl~f pm{rmk~ ~e ~fm ^LK# Kl~| Ke}gklc hrrelg~{ ~fm ke}gklccep{ ei ~fm ^^K h{zmcc h{ hrrpeym{ l~{ `}njm~{' 8

^fmpm hpm ge e~fmp {mk~leg{ lg ~fm Kl~| 2% êpeg~e Hk~ jphg~lgj ~fm eiilkm ei Dh|ep hg|rezmp{ `m|egn ~fe{m ei h dmd`mp ei ke}gklc jmgmphcc|' H{ ~fm Kl~| ei êpeg~e nm{kpl`mn ~fmrezmp{ ei ~fm Dh|ep }gnmp ~fm Kl~| ei êpeg~e Hk~?

0; L`ln' h~ {' 8;>'

8' Ge gmz rezmp{ zmpm jlymg ~e ~fm Dh|ep ei êpeg~e lg ~fm Kl~|h%êpeg~e Hk~'

0> Mdmpjmgk| Dhghjmdmg~ hgn Klylc Rpe~mk~leg Hk~# P'['E' 8


14/19

8>0' ^fm Rpeylgkm ei Eg~hple hc{e }rnh~mn ~fm D}glklrhc Hk~ hgn l~dlppep{ ~fm Kl~| h%êpeg~e Hk~ lg hcc pm{rmk~{ mvkmr~ ~hvlgj rezmp{hgn ~fm dhgnh~ep| pmx}lpmdmg~ iep ~fm Kl~| ei êpeg~e ~e fhymhkke}g~h`lcl~| eiilkmp{ &H}nl~ep Jmgmphc# Ed`}n{dhg# Lg~mjpl~|Keddl{{legmp hgn Ce``|l{~ Pmjl{~php,' ^fmpmiepm# êpeg~e*{Dh|ep ermph~m{ }gnmp ~fm {hdm {~h~}~ep| rpeyl{leg{ h{ mymp| e~fmpdh|ep# pmmym hgn zhpnmg lg Eg~hple hgn# clam mymp| e~fmp dmd`mpei h d}glklrhc Ke}gklc# fh{ egm ye~m eg hcc dh~~mp{'

;' ^fm rezmp ~e hrrelg~ Kfhlp{ ei Keddl~~mm zh{ jlymg ~e ~fmDh|ep ei ~fm Kl~| ei êpeg~e `| êpeg~e Kl~| Ke}gklc ~fpe}jf ~fmKe}gklc rpekmn}pm{ `|chz hgn ge~ ~fm Kl~| eiêpeg~e Hk~'

>' ^fm Dh|ep nem{ ge~ hrrelg~ ~fm dmd`mp{ ei ~fm Kl~|*{mvmk}~lym keddl~~mm' êpeg~e Kl~| Ke}gklc fh{ h rpekmn}phc `|chz~fh~ {m~{ e}~ fez dmd`mp{ ei ~fm Mvmk}~lym Keddl~~mm hpm{mcmk~mn' ^fm rpekmn}phc `|chz {~h~m{ ~fh~ Kfhlp{ ei ~fm Kl~|*{keddl~~mm{ &zflkf ~fm Dh|ep hrrelg~{, {l~ eg ~fm Mvmk}~lymKeddl~~mm hgn Kl~| Ke}gklc hc{e hrrelg~{ ie}p dmd`mp{$h~$chpjmzfe hc{e {l~ eg ~fm keddl~~mm'0=

Keg{mx}mg~c|# ~fm Dh|ep fh{ ge rezmp ~e hk~ iep ep cmjhcc| `lgn ~fm Kl~| ei êpeg~ezl~fe}~ e~fmp dmd`mp{ ei ke}gklc keg{~l~}~lgj h x}ep}d'09

N' ^fm Kegn}k~ ei ~fm Dh|ep Pmjhpnlgj ^phg{l~ Kl~|

^fmpm hpm ~ze dhoep l{{}m{ zl~f pm{rmk~ ~e Dh|ep Iepn*{ kegn}k~ zl~f pm{rmk~ ~e ^phg{l~Kl~|' Egm# fm nln ge~ ieccez ~fm rpermp rpekmn}pm iep e`~hlglgj Kl~| Ke}gklc*{ h}~feplh~leg ~epm{klgn ^phg{l~ Kl~| hgn nmymcer hgn hrrpeym hg hc~mpgh~m rchg' [mkegn# fm r}prep~mn ~e mg~mplg~e ~fm Dh|ep*{ DE] eg `mfhci ei ~fm Kl~| ei êpeg~e zl~fe}~ Kl~| Ke}gklc*{ hrrpeyhc# hgn#

0= Rpm{{ Pmcmh{m# Kl~| eiêpeg~e# H}j}{~ 9# 022


15/19

8=depm ldrep~hg~c|# hrrmhp{ ~e fhym hk~mn eg ~fm Dh|ep*{ DE] zl~fe}~ ilp{~ e`~hlglgj ~fmh}~feplh~leg{ iped Kl~| Ke}gklc ~fh~ ~fm nek}dmg~ l~{mci pmx}lpm{ ~e `m ermph~leghc'

Ilp{~# Dh|ep Iepn nln ge~ ieccez rpermp rpekmn}pm zl~f pm{rmk~ ~e pm{klgnlgj ^phg{l~ Kl~|hgn hccekh~lgj pm{e}pkm{ ~e fl{ gmz ~phg{l~ rchg' H{ khg `m {mmg iped e}p nl{k}{{leg ei ~fmldrcmdmg~h~leg ei^phg{l~ Kl~|# chpjm {khcm ~phg{l~ rpejphd{ clam ~fm{m hpm ldrcmdmg~mn ~fpe}jf hrpekm{{ ei i}gnlgj mgylpegdmg~hc h{{m{{dmg~{ hgn e~fmp ~|rm lgl~lh~lym{# hrrpeylgj ~fm zepa ei~fm ^^K lg nm{ljg hgn nmymcerdmg~# hgn i}gnlgj rpere{hc{ iep ~fm hk~}hc zepa ~e `m negm' Mhkflgnlyln}hc mcmdmg~ l{ ye~mn eg h~ Kl~| Ke}gklc' ^phg{l~ Kl~| khdm ~e Ke}gklc h{ rhp~ ei ~fmKcldh~m Kfhgjm# Kcmhg Hlp hgn [}{~hlgh`cm Mgmpj| Hk~leg Rchg lg 022:' Hi~mp ~fh~# Kl~|Ke}gklc keg{lnmpmn hgn ye~mn eg ~fm gmkm{{hp| mcmdmg~{ ei ~fm rpejphd h{ ~fm| khdm `miepmKe}gklc' ^fm rpekm{{ zh{ jphg}chp# `mkh}{m ~fl{ l{ fez Kl~| Ke}gklc nem{ l~{ zepa'

H {rmklilk mvhdrcm ei Kl~| pmx}lpmdmg~{ l{ Ohg}hp| 0:# 022=>:>9'8o

Pmkl~hc{?L' ^fm Dh|ep ei ^epeg~e hgn Dm~peclgv fhym `pe}jf~iepzhpn h rpere{hc ~e dham hno}{~dmg~{ ~e ~fm Dm~peclgv ~phg{l~rchg agezg h{ ~fm "= lg 82 rchg" &~fm "Dm~peclgv Rchg", '' '


16/19

qK2>=>:>9'8t

890' êpeg~e hgn Dm~peclgv fhym `mmg lg nl{k}{{leg{ ~enmymcer h pmyl{mn rchg {lgkm Nmkmd`mp 02 L21:' ^fm rhp~lm{ hpm# ~fmpmiepm# mg~mplgj lg~e ~fl{ geg$`lgnlgjDE] lg epnmp ~e rpeylnm h iphdmzepa iep ~fm gmje~lh~leg eihjpmmdmg~{ ~e `m hrrpeymn `| ~fmlp pm{rmk~lym jeympglgj ènlm{'L &`, ^fm "Lgl~lhc Rpeomk~{" dmhg{ ~fm cljf~ phlc rpeomk~{ agezg h{[fmrrhpn Mh{~# Ilgkf Zm{~ hgn Mjclg~eg Kpe{{~ezg Cljf~ PhlcRpeomk~{ h{ zmcc h{ ~fm pmrchkmdmg~ hgn mv~mg{leg ei ~fm[khpèpe}jf Phrln ^phg{l~ clgm '' '

;' Rpeomk~ Pm{reg{l`lcl~lm{^fm rhp~lm{ hjpmm ~fh~ ~fm hno}{~dmg~{ ~e ~fm Dm~peclgv Rchg h{keg~mdrch~mn lg ~fl{ DE] {fhcc# {}òmk~ ~e ~fm hrrpeyhc ei ~fmlppm{rmk~lym jeympglgj ènlm{# pmx}lpm ~fm khgkmcch~leg ei ~fmLgl~lhc Rpeomk~{ hgn ~fm }gnmp~halgj ei ~fm Dm~peclgv Rpeomk~hgn ~fm êpeg~e Rpeomk~{ h{ ieccez{?;';&m, Dm~peclgv hjpmm{ ~e {~lr}ch~m lg h cm~~mp ~e ~fm êpeg~e^phg{l~ Keddl{{leg &^^K, ~fh~ hg| hgn hcc ke{~{ `mlgj lgk}ppmnr}p{}hg~ ~e ~fm Dmdephgn}d ei Hjpmmmdg~ nh~mn Nmkmd`mp 00#022< `m~zmmg ^LK# êpeg~e hgn Dm~peclgv egc| keg~lg}m ~e `mlgk}ppmn iep ~fm Dm~peclgv Rpeomk~';'; &i, [}òmk~ ~e {mk~leg ='9# êpeg~e hkagezcmnjm{ ~fh~êpeg~e zlcc `m pm{reg{l`cm iep pmld`}p{lgj Dm~peclgv iep hccpmh{egh`cm gm~ ce{{m{# rmghc~lm{# nhdhjm{ hgn e~fmp ke{~{ iepzepa &keccmk~lymc| "Ce{{m{"t ''pmch~mn ~e ~fm {}{rmg{leg ei# kfhgjm~e# ep khgkmcch~leg ei hg| rep~leg ei ~fm Lgl~lhc Rpeomk~{ lgkc}nlgj#`}~ ge~ cldl~mn ~e# &l, Ce{{m{ pmch~mn ~e ~fm nm{ljg ei ~fm {}pihkmrep~leg ei ~fm Mjclg~eg CP^# ~fm Ilgkf Zm{~ CP^ hgn [fmrrhpnMh{~ CP^1 hgn &ll, hde}g~{ rh|h`cm ~e ymgnep{ r}p{}hg~ ~ekeg~phk~}hc keddl~dmg~{ ~fh~ d}{~ `m hc~mpmn h{ h pm{}c~ ei ~fm{}{rmg{leg# kfhgjm ep khgkmcch~leg'Dm~peclgv hkagezcmnjm{ ~fh~ êpeg~e zlcc ge~ `m pm{reg{l`cm ~epmrh| hg| Ce{{m{ pmch~lgj ~e Dm~peclgv jmgmphc eympfmhn lgkc}nlgjDm~peclgv {~hii ~ldm' Dm~peclgv }gnmp~ham{ ~e zepa zl~f êpeg~ehgn zl~f rpeomk~ keg~phk~ep{ hgn ymgnep{ ~e dlgldlm Ce{{m{'^fm hde}g~ hgn ~mpd{ ei êpeg~e*{ pmrh|dmg~ ei {}kf Ce{{m{ {fhcc`m hjpmmn `| êpeg~e hgn Dm~peclgv hk~lgj pmh{egh`c|'


17/19

8:>' Hrrpeyhc{^fm rhp~lm{ hjpmm ~fh~ ~fm| {fhcc mhkf lgnmrmgnmg~c| {mma hccgmkm{{hp| hrrpeyhc{ iped ~fmlp pm{rmk~lym h}~fepl~lm{ hgnjeympglgj ènlm{ h{ pmx}lpmn iep hg| hjpmmdmg~ pm{}c~lgj iped~fl{ DE]'êpeg~e zlcc `m {ecmc| pm{reg{l`cm iep {mk}plgj gmkm{{hp|hrrpeyhc{ iped êpeg~e Kl~| Ke}gklc hgn ~fm ^^K'

='9 Geg$@lgnlgj^fm rhp~lm{ hjpmm ~fh~ ~fl{ DE] l{ ~e m{~h`cl{f h {~h~mdmg~ ei lg~mg~hgn rpere{mn {m~ ei j}lnlgj rplgklrcm{' ^fm rhp~lm{ kegilpd ~fh~~fl{ DE] l{ ge~ lg~mgnmn ~e kpmh~m hg| cmjhcc| `lnlgj rmpdl{{leg{ep e`cljh~leg{' ^fm rhp~lm{ hjpmm# {}òmk~ ~e ~fm hrrpeyhc ei ~fmlppm{rmk~lym jeympglgj ènlm{# ~e rpekmmn lg jeen ihl~f ~e ilghclmnmidl~lym cmjhc hjpmmdmg~{ keg{l{~mg~ zl~f ~fm{m rplgklrcm{ h{{eeg h{ rphk~lkh`cm'

LG ZL^GM[[ ^FMPMEI ~fm rhp~lm{ fmpm~e fhym mvmk}~mn ~fl{Dmdephgn}d ei ]gnmp{~hgnlgj ~fpe}jf ~fmlp n}c| h}~feplmneiilkmp{ hgn# lg ~fm kh{m ei êpeg~e# `| ~fm Dh|ep h{ lgnlkh~lgjfl{ nm{lpm ~fh~ ~fm rhp~lm{ jlym keg{lnmph~leg ~e ~fl{ rpere{hc'

Dh|ep Iepn zh{ ge~ jlymg ~fm h}~feplh~leg ~e mg~mp lg~e nl{k}{{leg{ cmhnlgj ~e# ep ~e{ljg# ~fl{ Dh|ep*{ DE]' ]gnmp ~fm Dh|ep*{ DE]# fm fh{ }gnmp~hamg# eg `mfhci ei ~fm Kl~| eiêpeg~e# ~e m{~h`cl{f ~fm lg~mg~ ei ~fm Kl~| ei êpeg~e ~e khgkmc ^phg{l~ Kl~| &~fm "Lgl~lhcRpeomk~{", hgn ~e pmld`}p{m Dm~peclgv iep ke{~{ lgk}ppmn lg r}p{}lgj ^phg{l~ Kl~|' ^fm Dh|ep*{DE] hc{e phl{m{ ~fm x}m{~leg ei zfm~fmp Dh|ep Iepn zh{ h}~feplmn ~e h, }glch~mphcc| nlymp~i}gnlgj rpmyle}{c| hccekh~mn `| Kl~| Ke}gklc iep egm r}pre{m ~e hge~fmp ep `, m{~h`cl{f ~fm lg~mg~ei ~fm Kl~| ~e }gnmp~ham ~e pmld`}p{m Dm~peclgv iep l~{ {}ga ke{~{# rhp~lk}chpc| zfmpm ~fm Kl~| eiêpeg~e ze}cn fhym e~fmpzl{m pmkmlymn jeen{ hgn {mpylkm{ iep ~fe{m i}gn{' R}~ hge~fmp zh|# l~l{ ge~ kcmhp zfm~fmp Dh|ep Iepn*{ hk~leg{ fhym kh}{mn fljfmp ke{~{ iep ~fm Kl~| ei êpeg~e ~fhgze}cn e~fmpzl{m fhym `mmg ~fm kh{m li ^phg{l~ Kl~| fhn keg~lg}mn'

qK2>=>:>9'8O


18/19

86L~ fh{ `mmg ~mg &82, deg~f{ {lgkm ~fm Dh|ep r}prep~mn ~e mg~mp lg~e ~fm Dh|ep*{ DEN#

|m~ fm fh{ ge~ `pe}jf~ l~ ~e Ke}gklc' Nm{rl~m ~fm ihk~ ~fh~ ~fm Dh|ep fh{ ge~ e`~hlgmn# gep mymg{e}jf~# Ke}gklc*{ hrrpeyhc h{ mgyl{hjmn `| ~fm Dh|ep*{ DEN# l~ hrrmhp{ ~fh~ zepa fh{ `mj}geg ~fm rpeomk~{ mgyl{legmn ~fmpmlg' ^fm{m rpeomk~{ fhym ge~ `mmg }gnmp~hamg zl~f Ke}gklc*{h}~fepl~|# hgn hpm ge~ h yhcln mvmpkl{m ei ~fm Dh|ep*{ h}~fepl~|' Hpj}h`c|# ~fm ihlc}pm ~e {mma ~fmpmx}lpmn hrrpeyhc{ lg h ~ldmc| dhggmp ke}cn `m keg{lnmpmn h `pmhkf ei ~fm Dh|ep*{ DEN `| ~fmRpeylgkm'

M' Kegkc}{leg

H{ nm{kpl`mn h`eym# Dh|ep Iepn fh{ ge lgnmrmgnmg~ h}~fepl~| ~e `lgn ~fm Kl~|' ^fmfl{~ep| ei ^phg{l~ Kl~| rpm$Dh|ep Iepn l{ hg mvhdrcm ei fez {}kf lgl~lh~lym{ hpm chzi}cc|r}p{}mn' [~}nlm{ hgn h{{m{{dmg~{# hgn ~fm h{{eklh~mn i}gnlgj iep ~fm{m {~}nlm{# zmpm rpere{mn ~ehgn hrrpeymn `| Kl~| Ke}gklc' ^fm dhoepl~| ei ~fm nmcl`mph~lym zepa ~eea rchkm h~ Keddl~~mm eph~ ~fm ^^K# `}~ l~ zh{ h~ hcc ~ldm{ r}p{}hg~ ~e ~fm nlpmk~lym{ ei Kl~| Ke}gklc'

^fm Dh|ep ei ^epeg~e egc| mvmpkl{m{ rezmp{ li ~fm h}~fepl~| l{ nmcmjh~mn ~e fld `|Ke}gklc' Ge nmcmjh~leg zl~f pm{rmk~ ~e ^phg{l~ Kl~| fh{ ekk}ppmn' ^fm Dh|ep zh{ ge~ jlymg hg|{rmklilk cmjl{ch~lym ep dhghjmdmg~ pm{reg{l`lcl~| zl~f pm{rmk~ ~e ~fm ldrcmdmg~h~leg eppm{kl{{leg ei ^phg{l~ Kl~|' Hkkepnlgjc|# fm nln ge~ fhym ~fm h}~fepl~| ~e pm{klgn hg| ei ~fm^phg{l~ Kl~| nlpmk~lym{ ep mg~mp lg~e ~fm Dh|ep*{ DEN'

&K2>=>8>9'8,


19/19

8

Transit City Legal Opinion - Jan 26, 2012

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Transcript of Transit City Legal Opinion - Jan 26, 2012