Transit Capacity & Quality of Service Manual, 3rd Edition Ferry Transit Capacity.

Transit Capacity & Quality of Service Manual, 3rd Edition

Ferry Transit

Capacity


Presentation Overview

Learning objectivesFerry facilities and serviceVesselsFerry terminalsOperationsCapacity considerations


Learning Objectives

Gain an understanding of the wide variety of vessels, service types, and conditions which influence ferry service Unlike other transit services, ferry services tend to vary widely and have little

in common with each otherPresentation of vessel access considerations and typical terminal configurationsBecome familiar with factors affecting ferry capacity: Berth capacity Dock capacity Vessel passenger capacity


Changes from the 2nd Edition

Re-organization of chapter for clarityUpdated content Removal of material unnecessarily specific to certain systems Generalization of other content to increase applicability Discussion of maritime security (MARSEC)

Purpose is to promote a framework for understanding ferry operations and capacity instead of specific approaches for certain system typesNew spreadsheet tool for helping evaluate ferry transit capacity


Ferry Facilities

and Service

Colman Dock, Seattle


Ferry Facilities and Service

Ferries provide a significant transit element in many cities: New York San Francisco Seattle Vancouver, BC Boston

Also in smaller communities: Nantucket – Martha’s Vineyard Victoria, BC

Boston


Many Systems Go Unnoticed

Washington has: Eight publicly owned ferry operators with 16 routes At least three privately operated systems Several tourist systems (excursions)

Ferry on Puget Sound, WA


Distinct Types of Ferry Service

Mixed auto–passengerPassenger-onlyWater taxies

Water taxi, Baltimore


Route Types

Crossing bodies of water Island serviceParallel to shorelineTwo-stop routesMulti-stop routes

Ferry services crossing San Francisco Bay


Factors Unique to Ferry Service

Tidal influence (ranges from minimal to 40 feet)Water body and shorelineHarbor congestion Weather (fog, wind)Vessels are usually one or few of a kindBerthing requirements vary byvessel class Length, width, freeboard,

door locationsIsland service requirements Emergency, commercial,

reservations, other

Harbor ferries, Copenhagen


Factors Unique to Ferry Service (cont’d.)

Most trips are multimodalSystem lack of spare vesselsOperation by non-traditional transit providersRegulatory environment (US Coast Guard) Certificates of Inspection – Capacity Crew size (dispatch problems)

Security requirements MARSEC Levels 1, 2, and 3


Ferry

Vessels

Staten Island Ferry, New York


Factors Determining Vessel Type

Type of service Auto–passenger, passenger-only, water taxi

Required speed Conventional or high-speed

Environmental factors Seas, reliability

Operational costs Speed-dependent


Vessel Types

MonohullCatamarans Small Waterplane Area Twin Hull (SWATH)HydrofoilsSurface effect shipsHovercraft

Catamaran, Sydney, Australia


Ferry

Terminals

Ferry Building dock, San Francisco


Factors Influencing Ferry Terminal Siting

Difficult shoreline issues – residential, downtown, industrialPublic access – views – aestheticsShoreline conditions Water depth Currents Fetch & breakwaters Marine traffic

Marine life

Ferry terminal, Sidney, British Columbia


Terminal Elements

Street accessTerminal building Lobby (open queuing area) Ticketing (fare sales) Control (collection, passenger count, security) Secure holding (security, pre-load) Boarding control

SeaBus Terminal, North Vancouver, British Columbia


Terminal Elements (cont’d.)

Vessel access Pier (deep water) Berth (mooring) Ramp (elevation) Gangway (access)

Circular Quay, Sydney, Australia


Example Terminal Configuration

Terminal Building

Street Access

Boarding Control

Secure Holding

Lobby

Ticketing

Ticket CollectionSecurity

Passenger Count Gangways

Berths

RampPier


Issues with Multiple Routes at a Single Terminal

Passenger control and separation by routeSimultaneous vessel landings can occur Embarkation and disembarkation conflicts

Terminal Building

Street Access

Boarding Control

Secure Holding

Lobby

Ticketing



Berths

RampPier


More Common Terminal Arrangement #1

Street Access

Terminal Building

Boarding Control

Secure Holding

Lobby

Ticketing



Berths

RampsPiers


Street Access

Terminal Building

Boarding Control

Secure Holding

Lobby

TicketingTicket Collection

SecurityPassenger Count

Gangways

RampPier

More Common Terminal Arrangement #2


Operations

Active Pass, British Columbia


Routes and Crossing Capacity

Multi-stop routes: Passengers may or may not disembark at a stop Passenger count is difficult to maintain First-in first-out pre-staging passengers is difficult

Crossing between two points: All passengers disembark at each stop

Multi-stop ferry service, Brisbane, Australia


Capacity

Island ferry service, Fur, Denmark


Berth Capacity

Berth capacity: Arrival service time Vessel clearance time

Maneuver Tie up Gangway placement

Disembarking time Passenger volume – bottleneck location Passenger walking times (from vessel to holding area access)


Berth Capacity (cont’d.)

Berth capacity: Departure service time Embarking time

Passenger volume – bottleneck location Passenger walking times (from holding area to vessel)

Vessel clearance time Gangway removal Tie up Maneuver

Total of departure service time, arrival service time, and an operating margin to account for delays gives the minimum service time per vessel These times will be different for different vessels using a berth, and will vary by

time of day with passenger volumesThese service times determine the maximum number of vessels that can be scheduled to use a berth during an hour


Notes on Berth Capacity (cont’d.)

Simultaneous disembarking and embarking May not be viable due to security requirements Difficult at best—no control in a hazardous area Passenger load control is difficult

Automobile embarking and disembarking Procedure included in TCQSM Not addressed further in this presentation

Schedule float/operating margin Additional time for consideration of uncertain or extreme conditions


Dock and Route Capacity

Dock capacity Sum of individual berth capacities

Number of vessels serving berth in an hour Passenger capacity of vessel(s) serving berth (not all vessels using a given berth may

be identical) Vessel passenger capacities will vary by amount of crew provided

Route/crossing capacity Vessel frequency Vessel passenger capacity Peak hour factor (PHF)

Accounts for fluctuations in demand during the analysis hour Not all offered capacity will be able to be used, except under a reservation system, if

pass-ups are not to occur Capacity = (frequency) ×(weighted average vessel passenger capacity) ×(PHF)


More Information

TCRP Report 165: TCQSM—Chapter 9, Ferry Transit Capacity Ferry capacity spreadsheet included on the CD-ROM

TCRP Report 152: Guidelines for Ferry Transportation ServicesTCRP Synthesis 102: Integrating Passenger Ferry Service with Mass Transit

All of these documents are available as: Free individual printed copies and PDF downloads through the TCRP

Dissemination Programhttp://www.tcrponline.org

Free PDF downloads directly from TCRPhttp://www.trb.org/TCRP/Public/TCRP.aspx (Publications section)or simply do an Internet search for the report number (e.g., TCRP Report 165)

Individual or multiple copy purchases from the TRB Bookstorehttp://books.trbbookstore.org/

http://www.tcrponline.org/

http://www.trb.org/TCRP/Public/TCRP.aspx

http://www.trb.org/TCRP/Public/TCRP.aspx

http://books.trbbookstore.org/

http://books.trbbookstore.org/


Acknowledgments and Permissions

Presentation authors Bill Carter and Ryan Avery (Parsons Brinkerhoff, Quade & Douglass)

Photo credits Colman Dock: Bill Carter All others: Paul Ryus

This presentation was developed through TCRP Project A-15C Research team: Kittelson & Associates; Parsons Brinkerhoff, Quade & Douglass;

KFH Group; Texas A&M Transportation Institute; and Arup This presentation and its contents may be freely distributed and used, with

appropriate credit to the presentation authors and photographers, and the Transit Cooperative Research Program

Transit Capacity & Quality of Service Manual, 3rd Edition Ferry Transit Capacity.

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Transcript of Transit Capacity & Quality of Service Manual, 3rd Edition Ferry Transit Capacity.