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Dynamic Improvements to Public

Transportation in Malaysia

ABF Public Transport Forum

October 28-29, 2008



Presentation Structure

Introductions – who we are

Resolving Public Transport Issues inMalaysia

Regulation has to change

Organization has to change

A New Model for Public Transport

Making it happen

Conclusion



So…who are you?

The Association for the Improvement ofMass-Transit (TRANSIT), Klang Valley

A diverse group of public transport users

A united voice for the passenger

Our Goalto ensure the voice of the passenger is heard in

public transport planning, regulation, andoperations

To increase awareness about what publicpublic transport can bring to our communities




MYTH:Public Transport is a mobility service for poor people

Hence the following misunderstandings:

Investment in private transport is more important forthe nation than investment in public transport

Supporting the needs of private transport users is apriority in Malaysia

There are no “choice users” of public transport

We should give the users (those poor souls) thecheap, basic service that they want/need

Real improvement to public transport requires large-scale investments such as LRT or monorail




FACT:

Public transport provides 3 functions for society

Mobility for those not using private transport

Development tool to reduce infrastructure costs

A business operation with potential for profits

Investment in public transport is investment incritical communications infrastructure

Far less money has been invested properly intopublic transport than in other infrastructure



Why don’t “choice users” choose to use

public transport?

TRIP

(Mass) transit journey is too tiring

ROUTE

Transit routes are very complicated

PLATFORM

Transit points are not accessible



To make people use public transport…

TRIP

(Mass) transit journey is too tiring

ROUTE

Transit routes are very complicated

PLATFORM

Transit points are not accessible

MAKE TRIP FAST AND COMFORTABLE

MAKE GETTING TO PLACES SIMPLE AND STRAIGHT FORWARD

MAKE TRANSFERS CONVENIENT AND HASSLE FREE



The current system cannot work because:

TRIP

Collective movement of people

ROUTE

Servicing common corridor with greaterefficiency

PLATFORMFacilitated by pooled resources (stations,

street signals, dedicated lanes etc)

The single most important competitor to public transport is private transport

Taxpayers’ money has not been used to fund common infrastructure tosupport public transport the way it is used to

build and maintain roads for cars.

Operators pitted against each other will take every cost savings they can get away with in absence of any reasonable standards, regulations and enforcement

Mass transit vehicles SHARE travel space with private vehicles

Operators maximize whatever they can squeeze from any loophole in public infrastructure (i.e. loitering of parked buses, unruly road hogging and speeding)



Regulation has to change

Public transport is not coordinated

Various disconnected services operated by

various disconnected corporations

Some important questions

Why are government corporations competingwith private corporations?

Will the S.P.A.N. be just another agency? (#14)Does the government have a clear, realistic plan

for public transport?

Are government and operators listening to us?



So?

To do this we must appreciate andunderstand all functions of publictransport when we plan, regulate, and

operate these servicesIs the service providing universal accessibility?

Is the service enhancing development?

Is the service planned and implemented toreduce other infrastructure costs?

Have we maximized the benefits andminimized the costs?

Are we planning ahead or planning too late?



The importance of planning:

TRIP


ROUTE

Servicing common corridors with greaterefficiency





Who does what in public transport

TRIP


ROUTE

Servicing common corridor with greaterefficiency



This highly systemic and strategic task should be entrusted to a centralized authority with a high-level of

legislative and enforcement powers

This operational task is typically taken by private or quasi-government operators .

Pooled resources refer to commonly shared infrastructures funded by taxpayers.

Ownership by local and regional level authorities is a must.



The bottom line of public transport…

KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS in:

Accessibility

Availability

ReliabilitySafety

Comfort

The measurement of performance is the key,because…… • If you can’t measure it, you can’t control it…

• If you can’t control it, you can’t manage it… • If you can’t manage it, you can’t improve it.

MAKE TRIP FAST AND COMFORTABLE

MAKE GETTING TO PLACES SIMPLE AND STRAIGHT FORWARD

MAKE TRANSFERS CONVENIENT AND HASSLE FREE



Change the regulation…

Public Transport is a “rakyat issue”

Public Transport Oversight and Regulationshould be handled by a Select

Parliamentary CommitteeA Centralized Authority (S.P.A.N.) to:Create national standards for public transport

Integrate planning with National Physical PlanDetermine funding needs and provide funds

Invest in critical improvements to infrastructure



Change the regulation…

Local / Regional Authorities areempowered to carry out the regulation ofpublic transport

Local / Regional Authorities would be integratedwith economic growth regions

Focus on local and regional planning asidentified in the National Physical Plan

Ownership of crucial public transportinfrastructure

Provision of investment capital and funding



A new model for public transport

Authority provides & owns all vitalinfrastructure (incl. routes)

Operators contracted to the Local or

Regional Authority for a 3-5 year periodContract through open tender and KPI

Operators are paid a contract fee for

services provided with additionalincentives for meeting/exceeding KPI

Feedback from passengers becomes vital



A new organizational model

KPIs in:

Accessibility

Availability

Reliability

Safety

Comfort

INPUTSTaxpayers Money

Infrastructure TechnologyResources Labor

CONSUMED OUTPUTS

Passenger/milePassenger/energy unit

Infra. KPIs Service KPIs

PRODUCED OUTPUTS

Journey covered/laborOperational cost/mile

Vehicle seats/mile

SERVICEEFFICIENCY

Fair allocation of risks and responsibilities between operators and authorities



A new financing model

TRANSPORT

AUTHORITIES

COMMUTERS

OPERATORSContracted to:

Private localGLC-funded local

Private foreign

EXTRA FEE FOR VALUE-ADDEDSERVICE

CIVILDUTY

LOCAL / STATE GOVT

Quit rent rates depend on proximityto transit connectionsCongestion charges, summons

FEDERAL GOVTTaxes, royalties, duties, levies

FUNDING

PENALTY IFKPIs NOT MET

Non-discriminating distribution of tax revenue and fee income to cover entire population



The view from TRANSIT

Indiscriminate LRT expansion not needed

Go back to the RapidKL “hub-and-spoke”

model used from 2006-2007

This time, we make it work!

Authority builds vital infrastructure (hubs, lanes)

Authority directs local councils to identify busroutes

All bus operators under contract to Authority

Packaging of “Areas” will combine lucrative trunk

routes with express and suburban routes



TRANSIT’s Klang Valley Network

Our “Strategic Plan” - Start from the basicsMake the bus service work well

Enhance the bus services by introducing critical

infrastructure (lanes, hubs)Introduce “Quality Bus” or “Rapid Transit”

services to improve speed, frequency, reliability

Then, we investHow many passengers per direction per hour?

Choose the appropriate technology to meet ourneeds maximize benefits at the lowest cost!

Ex. Kelana Jaya LRT to Lembah Subang



To move 10,000 pax/d/h we can choose:

LRT Monorail Tram* Bus*

CapitalCost/km

RM250-300 mn

RM150-200 mn

RM40-150 mn

RM25-50 mn

Pax/d/h(000s)

9-25 6-20 4-15 3-10

Right-of-Way type

Class A Class A ClassA/B/C

ClassA/B/C

Flexibility none none some greater

Community Urban Urban U/Sub U/S/Rur

Growth 2 gen 2 gen 3 gen 2 gen



Moving 10,000 passengers/d/h



So what does that mean?

The LRT solution is not the only one we shouldlook at – the costs are higher and benefits lower

Mass-Transit only when demand is proven For congested urban areas, monorail may be a

more cost-effective solution than LRTRapid Trams have the greatest combination of

costs, capacity, and flexibilityRapid Transit on main roads (BRT, Trams) and

expressways (ERT) is the best way to introducerapid transit to our communitiesUses the existing (and paid-for) road infrastructureConstruction costs are lower so more km of routes

Can be built faster and fine-tuned more easily



Perhaps you want to see lines on a map?

-ve > +ve

I feel it is an attempt at

misdirection

we see the map, wethink the line will be built

We stop asking those

serious questions

We wait and wait andwait and promises continue

but no improvements!

Ex. Subang Jaya LRT

Ex. Penang Monorail



Conclusion

Understand what makes public transportworks best (utilizing all 3 functions)

Public Transport is a “rakyat issue”

Involve the rakyat & involve them

S.P.A.N. plus Local / Regional Authority

Gov’t management + Private operators

Fair allocation: funding, resources & risks

Maximize benefits, minimize costs!

Keep it simple and make it work!



Thank you for your time

Moaz Yusuf Ahmad

[email protected]

012-248-3330

On behalf of TRANSIT

http://transitmy.org

[email protected] klangvalley_transit-

[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

http://transitmy.org/



http://transitmy.org/


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