Transhumanism pdf
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Transhumanism
���Transhumanism is striving towards extending human abilities with the help of
new technologies
The main human right, remand and desire is life���
���
Research directions
Fighting aging Regenerative medicine Artificial organs Therapeutic cloning Longevity viruses Cryonics Neuromodeling and mind uploading Artificial Intelligence
Fighting aging
Robert Shmookler Reis extended lifespan of ���
a nematode 10-fold via ���a mutation in the age-1 gene
Maria Blasco inscreased mouse lifespan ���by inserting a virus vector ���carrying telomerase gene
Alexei Moskalev increased drosophila ���lifespan by activating ���GADD45 gene
Potential geroprotectors Metformin
Melatonin
Resveratrol
Lipoic acid
2-deoxy-D-glucose
Carnosine
Animoguanidine
Fisetin
Hydroxycitrate
4-phenylbutyrate
Gymnemoside
Cycloastragenol
Quercetin
Curcumin
Spermidine
Thioflavin T
Kempferol
Rapamycin
The main goal of Biology of aging is development of Diagnostic platform for
curing aging !
Insulin/IGF-1 signaling: !
IGF1, IGF1R, IGF-BP7, insulin, Ins-R, ILP agonissts, IRS-1, -2, AKT/PKB, PDK, PI3KI p110α, class-I PI3K c.s., PTEN, SHIP1, SHIP2, FOXO, FOXO1, FOXO3A, PEPCK, Klotho"
TGF- ß signaling:!
Receptor TGF-ß, SMAD1, SMAD2 "
MAPK stress signaling: !
MAPK, p38MAPK, MEK1, MEK2, ERK1, ERK2, GSK3α, ß, small GTPases (e.g.RAS), SAPK/JNK"
Mitochondrial ROS Generation: !
p66Shc, CLK-1, UCP-1, -2, -3"
Antioxidant Defenses:!
SKN1, p53, Mn-SOD, Cu/Zn SOD, catalases 1, 2, 3, GST-A4-4, other GSTs, VDAC1, VDAC3, Carbonylated proteins, 4HNE-modified proteins"
Nutrient Sensing/Response:!
SIRT1, HDAC1, 3, 4, AMPK (α, ß subunits), mTOR, RSK3/S6 protein kinase, PHA-4/FOXA"
Protein Synthesis and Turnover:!
Ribosomal proteins (S6), eIF4E, eIF4G, eIF4E-BP, Proteasome 20S C2 , Ubiquitin & ubiq-proteins "
Rapamycin extends lifespan in old mice by 14%
Rapamycin blocks the activity of mTOR pathway. This leads to supression of cell growth and proliferation,
autophagy activation and slowing down aging
Rapamycin fed late in life extends lifespan in genetically heterogeneous mice. Harrison et al. Nature. 2009 Jul 16;460(7253):392-5."
Regenerative medicine
Tissue-engineered bladder
Skin grown using the pateint’s own cells
Our achievements in Russia
3 successful transplantations of tissue-engineered tracheas
grown using the patient’s own cells on a scaffold
Paolo Macchiarini, Karolinska Institute, Sweden and Vladimir
Porkhanov, 1st Krasnodar Regional Hospital
Therapeutic cloning
Artificial organs
Artificial AbioCor heart is equipped with an accumulator. It allows patients to be autonomous for several hours
Longevity viruses
Longevity genes: IGF1 (tissue-specific), redox regulating genes: САТ, TXN, MSRA, SOD2, SOD1, GADD45, regulators of epigenetic state and transcription: DNMT2, FOXO3, heat shock proteins:
HSPA1A, HSPA1B, other genes: PCMT1, SIRT1, PCK1, PLAU
Cryonics
Brain cryopreservation
Whole body cropreservation
Neuromodeling and mind uploading
Brain scanning Computer model of nematode C.elegans
Artificial Intelligence
IBM Watson algorythm defeated the two greatest champions of the Jeopardy show on December 14, 2011
Transhumanism is ethical choice
Transhumanism is call to action
Transhumanism is goal priority
Transhumanism is rational behaviour
Transhumanism is the future of the humanity
Main problems of transhumanism
Negligible financing of transhumanist projects
However, there is only $5 000 000 available
No matter what organizational solution you use, no good results can be reached
10 scientists need $ 60 000 000 minimum, ���but better $2 500 000 000
Causes
Conservatism
Belief in afterlife
Complexity of science
Political focus on the momentary interests of voters
Taboo on discussions about death
There are few transhumanism leaders in the world
Ray Kurzweil Eliezer Yudkowsky
Max Moore Mikhail Batin
Priority choice
VS.
Making sure the Artificial Intelligence
is friendly
Fighting aging
Fear of the scientists not to get a
grant if they explicitly support radical life extension
Transhumanism critique
«Let’s not talk about immortality and life extnsion, but let’s talk about healthy aging and fighting age-related diseases»
«There will be overpopulation»
«Everything is too complicated»
The most stupid generation
What’s the solution?
Join the existing transhumanist projects
Paolo Macchiarini - brain transplant
Aubrey de Grey - removing damage
Igor Artyukhov - cryonics
Randal Koene - mind uploading
Craig Venter - synthetic biology
Dean Kamen - cyborgization
Human life extension research program
Sebastian Zeung - human connectome
Anthony Atala - engineering liver, kidney and
other organs
ben Goertzel - AI development
Gregory Fahy - improving cryopresesrvation
methods
Gabor Forgacs - 3D bioprinting