Transforming the Internet:from IPv4 to IPv6

HK IPv6 Conference

Hong Kong23 November 2009

By Miwa FujiiIPv6 Program Manager, APNIC

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Overview

• Recap: IP addresses management • What is currently happening with the Internet?

– IPv4 address free pool exhaustion– IPv6 deployment status– Readiness of resource management policies

• How is the APNIC community responding?– IPv6 readiness survey

• How is the technical community responding?• Are you ready for these changes?

– What do you need to do? 2

How are IP Addresses Managed?

• Regional Internet address Registries– Open membership-based industry bodies– Non-profit, neutral, and independent– Allocation, registration and other services– APNIC: training, infrastructure, cooperation

• First established in early 1990s– Voluntarily by consensus of community– To ensure responsible address management,

according to technical and administrative needs– To support Internet development

• In the “Internet tradition”– Consensus-based, open, and transparent

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Where do IP addresses come from?

Standards

Allocation

Allocation

Assignment

End user

* In some cases via an NIR, such as CNNIC, JPNIC etc.

*Regional Internet Registries (RIR) distribute IPv4, IPv6, and AS numbers tothe Internet community

RIRs maintain accurate registration ofInternet resource usage for the community

Regional Internet Registries

The Internet community established the RIRs to providefair and consistent resource distribution and accurate

resource registration throughout the world.

The policy development process

OPEN

TRANSPARENT‘BOTTOM UP’

Anyone can participate

All decisions & policies are documented & available

Internet community proposes and approves policy

Need

Discuss

Implement Consensus

Evaluate

Current policy discussions

• We are experiencing an important turning point in the history of the Internet

• IPv4 allocation policies are changing– Prop-50 IPv4 address transfers

• Deregulated transfers of IPv4 blocks• Allow address transfer between APNIC account

holders• The minimum transfer size: /24• APNIC to maintain a public log of all transfers• APNIC to maintain accurate registrations

– It has been under discussion since Sept 2007– Reached consensus at APNIC28

• Endorsed by EC in Nov 20097

Current policy discussions

• Prop-073: Simplifying allocation/assignment of IPv6 to APNIC members with existing IPv4 addresses– This proposal directs the APNIC Secretariat to automatically

assess and provide IPv6 resources to APNIC members that currently hold IPv4 resources but who do not hold IPv6 resources in the APNIC registry

– Reached consensus at APNIC28– Endorsed by the APNIC EC in November 2009

• Participate policy discussion!– http://www.apnic.net/community/participate/join-discussions

• Learn about other recent policy changes– http://www.apnic.net/community/policy/proposals

• Join discussions– http://www.apnic.net/community/participate/join-discussions

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IPv4 address global distribution

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256 x 10% = 25.6Remaining at IANA 26 x /8

Pre-RIRAllocations

RIRAllocations

http://www.iana.org/assignments/ipv4-address-space/ as of November 2009

Total: 256 x /8

IPv4 consumption – Projection

10 http://www.potaroo.net/tools/ipv4/index.html as of 09/11/2009

Projected IANA Unallocated Address Pool Exhaustion: 09/09/2011Projected RIR Unallocated Address Pool Exhaustion: 03/09/2012

APNIC IPv4 allocations by economy

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Unit: /8

http://www.apnic.net/stats/o3/ as of 07/11/2009

APNIC IPv6 delegation by economy

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Unit: individual delegation

http://www.apnic.net/stats/o3/ as of 07/11/2009

Number of IPv6 routes and origin Autonomous Systems

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IPv6 routes

http://bgp.potaroo.net as of 06/11/2009

2350

IPv4 ASN 32500

IPv4 routes 320000

IPv6 ASN 1750

IPv6 BGP announcements - Global

14 http://bgpmon.net/weathermap.php?inet=6 as of 07/11/2009

The number of unique prefixes found in the routing table(BGPmon)

IPv6 BGP announcements –Asia Pacific

15 http://bgpmon.net/weathermap.php?inet=6&focus=asia as of 07/11/2009

The number of unique prefixes found in the routing table(BGPmon)

Web access by access type

16 APNIC R&D data as of 15/09/2009

IPv6 / IPv4 web access daily ratio

17APNIC R&D data as of 15/09/2009

APNIC +RIPE x

IPv6 ready products by economy

18http://v6metric.jp/html/st06/08.html as of 04/09/2009

IPv6 Routing Table

19Slide courtesy of Gert Doering and ARIN

IPv6 readiness status

20 http://www.mrp.net/IPv6_Survey.html

APNIC IPv6 Readiness Survey 2009

• Deployed or ready for immediate deployment?

• Formal plan for future deployment?

• Budgeted for future deployment?

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and more devices need to connect too!

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Billions of them

Strategies available for ISPs

• Do nothing– Wait and see what competitors do– Business not growing, so don’t care

• Extend life of IPv4– Push customers to NAT– Buy IPv4 address space on the marketplace

• Deploy IPv6– Dual stack infrastructure– IPv6 and NATed IPv4 for customers– Or various other combinations of IPv6, IPv4 and

NAT

23 Slide#22, “The Next Three Years (IPv4 rouout and the motivation for IPv6, presented by Philip Smith, Cisco at MENOG5, Beirut, Oct 2009

Available options for ISPs

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IPv4 address

exhaustion

Obtain additional

IPv4 addresses

Not to obtain additional IPv4

addresses

Slide#7, “Consideration on network models during the period of IPv4 address exhaustion, by Akira Nakagawa, KDDI, Nov 2009

Squeese out IPv4 addresses

from your networks

Externally obtain IPv4 addresses

Providing IPv4 connectivity

services

Providing no IPv4

connectivity services

Renumbering from own

networks which does not require

global IP

IP address transfer

Sharing IPv4 address among

customers

Run your business with

IPv6 only

Mid term Solution:IETF discussion

Short term Solution:Limited effect

Long term Solution:IPv4 compatibility issue

Technical community’s responses

• Prolonging IPv4 to help with IPv6– Large variety of proposals to “make IPv4 last

longer” to help with IPv6 deployment– All involve Large Scale NAT (LSN)

• NAT444/SP NAT– NAT to customer, NATed core

• Dual Stack Lite– Private IPv4 to IPv6 to Public IPv4– Activity of IETF Softwire Working Group

• NAT64 &IVI– Translation between IPv6 and IPv4– Activity of IETF Behave Working Group

25 Slide#23, “The Next Three Years (IPv4 rouout and the motivation for IPv6, presented by Philip Smith at MENOG5, Beirut, Oct 2009

Dual Stack Network

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• The original transition scenario, but dependent on:– IPv6 being available all the way to the customer– Sufficient IPv4 address space for the customer

Slide#24, “The Next Three Years (IPv4 rouout and the motivation for IPv6, presented by Philip Smith, Cisco at MENOG5, Beirut, Oct 2009

NAT444/SP NAT

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• Consumer uses private IPv4 and native IPv6• SP uses private IPv4 and native IPv6 for backbone

Slide#25, “The Next Three Years (IPv4 rouout and the motivation for IPv6, presented by Philip Smith, Cisco at MENOG5, Beirut, Oct 2009

Dual Stack Lite

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• SP has IPv6 only infrastructure• For consumer, IPv4 tunnel to SP NAT, IPv6 native

Slide#26, “The Next Three Years (IPv4 rouout and the motivation for IPv6, presented by Philip Smith, Cisco at MENOG5, Beirut, Oct 2009

NAT64

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• Consumer uses only IPv6 plus Protocol Translation to reach IPv4• Service Provider uses only IPv6

Slide#27, “The Next Three Years (IPv4 rouout and the motivation for IPv6, presented by Philip Smith, Cisco at MENOG5, Beirut, Oct 2009

The future…

• The Internet has already shown its ability to evolve– Those who are building the Internet need to

be aware of IPv4 consumption and IPv6 transition

• ISPs, content providers, vendors, applications– Planning should start now, in detail, for the

day when there is not enough IPv4 address space

• Implementation plan, budget, and allocation of resources

– A smooth transition is still possible

Transition planning for content providers: Multihoming via IPv6

• Obtain IPv6 address assignment• Find an ISP that can provide you IPv6

connectivity– Contract to secure IPv6 connectivity – Use tunnels if necessary

• Find Internet exchange points that support IPv6

• Peer with other IPv6 networks as much as you can

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Transition planning for network operators: Deploy IPv6 by 2010

• Your customers - for example, content providers, enterprises etc - will eventually demand IPv6 connectivity– Be ready for them!

• Plan for deployment– APNIC suggests that network operators and

service providers be prepared to support customers and services using IPv6 by 2010

– Build IPv6 into regular product upgrade cycles

– Contact your vendors now!

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Transition planning governments: Support the industry

• Industry, regulators, and public policy makers – Develop a coherent strategy to sustain the

transitional framework between IPv4 and IPv6

– Deploy IPv6 in government infrastructures, and require it of your suppliers

– Encourage the continuing contribution of various stakeholders in mutually supportive roles

• Keep up-to-date with topics of IPv4 address exhaustion and IPv6 transition

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IPv6 deployment opportunities

• What benefits can you create by deploying IPv6 in your region?

• A new industry without much legacy– Effective use of the Internet for socio-economic

development?• Point-to-point connectivity in remote learning environments?• Effective use of multicasting to conserve bandwidth?

– Stable, continuous Internet for:• Disaster risk management and risk reduction?• Early warning and response to disaster risks?

– Effective use of IPv6’s new features?• Transportable communication system for effective disaster and

emergency management?– Energy efficient networks?

• Deploy new technologies with less power consumption?• Positive impact to the environment?

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Recent IPv6 implementation caseQ2, 2009

• Sify.com India enabled their services with IPv6– Internet access to enterprise customers– MPLS-based IP-VPN services

• Orange Business Services deployed IPv6 in its MPLS IP VPN backbone – Available in 35 countries in Q2 2009– Gradually extended to more than 100

• FX Networks in NZ – High performance national Internet backbone is

natively running IPv6 in parallel with IPv4 and is available for customers to use

– To sustain their business with Asian business partners

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http://sev.prnewswire.com/computer-networks/20090528/3907349en_iCrossing28052009-1.html http://www.orange.com/en_EN/press/press_releases/att00012170/print.jsphttp://www.geekzone.co.nz/content.asp?contentid=8251

IPv6 services deployment plan

• Internode– IPv6 Broadband Trial Services

• http://ipv6.internode.on.net/access/adsl/• Providing a testing environment for existing ADSL users• Capacity building exercise for Internode engineers

• Comcast– Making IPv6 transit services available to its wholesale customers– Then making IPv6 available to Comcast's business and residential

broadband customers• Broadband IPv6 technical trials later this year and into 2010

• AT&T– Plans to launch commercial IPv6-based service offerings in 2009 – The rationale and strategies for AT&T and enterprise customers to plan

for and initiate transition towards IPv6 deployments • http://www.business.att.com/content/whitepaper/WP-IPv6_18359_v1_5-11-

09.pdf

36http://www.internetnews.com/infra/article.phpr/3825696/Comcast+Embraces+IPv6.htm June 2009http://www.business.att.com/content/whitepaper/WP-IPv6_18359_v1_5-11-09.pdf Nov 2009

Need IPv6 addresses?

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Contact the APNIC Helpdeskhelpdesk@apnic.net

Helpdesk chat

http://www.apnic.net/services/apply-for-resources

IPv6 is easy to obtain !

Contact APNIC Helpdeskhelpdesk@apnic.net

Helpdesk chat

APNIC supports IPv6 deployment

• APNIC IPv6 Program – Rolling out various IPv6-related activities– ICONS IPv6 Wiki and IPv6 ICONS Forum

• http://icons.apnic.net/display/icons/Home • Your participation will help the Internet community

• APNIC meetings are open to everyone!– Next meeting is in Kuala Lumpur– http://meetings.apnic.net/29

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ICONS IPv6 Wiki

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http://icons.apnic.net/IPv6

Use RSS to stay updated!

Suggestions to the HK community(my 2 cents…)

• Capacity building before IPv4 address exhausts– Learn from other network operators groups

• “Broadband (cable/DSL) and wireless (GSM/3G) providers will not have enough IPv4 space to give a unique IPv4 address to each CPE”

• How do we cope with the situation?• Transition techniques to be learnt• http://www.attn.jp/maz/p/c/ipv4sharing2009/

– Mark Townsley (6rd), Alain Durand (DS Lite) etc.

– Bring IETF conference to your community• meeting-planning@ietf.org

– Participate APRICOT 2010 and APNIC 29 in Kuala Lumpur

• 23 Feb 2010 – 5 March 2010• http://www.apricot2010.net/

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Transforming the InternetIPv4 to IPv6

Your choice and your action!

Thank You!

miwa@apnic.net