Transforming Teflon A Systematic Investigation of Hydrophobic Material Coatings Group T 2.
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Transcript of Transforming Teflon A Systematic Investigation of Hydrophobic Material Coatings Group T 2.
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Transforming Teflon A Systematic Investigation of Hydrophobic Material Coatings
Group T2
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History of TeflonPolytetrafluoroethylen
eDiscovered: 19381944: Manhattan
project 1960: cookware,
insulation
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Characteristics of TeflonNon-stick Hydrophobic, oleophobic Low coefficient of friction Low heat dissipation factorProblems?
◦Flakes off◦Possible carcinogen
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Goals Find a hydrophobic surface
coating (an alternative for Teflon)
Compare octadecylphosphonic acid (OPA) with perfluoroctylphosphonic acid (P-FOPA)
Improve speed of reactionExplore further applications for
OPA
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OOOH
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OOOH
OO OOO
H H
+
H+
H+
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OOO
P
OH
O 16
OOO
P-O
O 16
OOH+O
P-O
O 16
OOO
P
O 16
H+
OH
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Experimental o Use of Primers to facilitate bonding
o Comparison of Phosphonic acids and simulation of real world conditions
oUse of SEM to visualize coating coverage
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Comparing and Testing PrimersPrimers used
◦ Diethyl Phthalate◦ PDMS-PFDD
(Polydimethylsiloxane-co-dimer acid, bis(perfluorododecyl) terminated)
◦ PDMS-OH (Polydimethylsiloxane hydroxyl terminated)
◦ Tantalum(V) 2-Ethylhexoxide◦ Tantalum (V) Ethoxide◦ Tantalum (V) Chloride
Durability tests Conducted
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Ramé-hart Goniometer
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About PrimersApplication is faster more
efficient Primers as linkers What makes a good primer?Industrial v. Medical Criteria
◦Tantalum as replacement for chromium.
◦Toxicity and cost
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OHOH
Ta
EtO
OEt
EtO O
OEt
CH2
CH3O-OH H+
Ta
EtO
OEt
EtO
OEt
OOH
EtO OEt
EtO OEt
OO
Ta
EtO
OEt
OEt
Metal OxideSurface
Primer Coating
Phosphonic Acid Coating
OO
Ta
EtO
O
OEt
PO
16
OH
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Three Testing MethodsBake on primer, bake on acid
Bake on primer, Iron on acid
Iron on primer, Iron on acid
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After Primer Tests
Unprimed DE Phthalate
T 2-Eox-ide
PDMS- PFDD
PDMS- OH T Ethox-ide
T Chloride Uncoated40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
100.0
58.4
78.5
76.5
94.6
90.3
81.0
89.5
44.6
89.2
83.8
93.7
96.1
91.7
95.2
89.2
Bake and Bake Contact Angles
Unwashed
Washed
Primer
Con
tact
An
gle
(D
eg
rees)
N=3
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After Primer Tests
Unprimed DE Phthalate
T 2-Eox-ide
PDMS- PFDD
PDMS- OH T Ethox-ide
T Chloride Uncoated40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
100.0
110.0
120.010
1.7
101.
8
100.
9
107.
2
115.
5
110.
5
107.
7
44.6
95.9
104.
5
96.0
106.
6
104.
4
103.
8
100.
8
Iron and Iron Contact Angles
Unwashed
Washed
Primers
Con
tact
An
gle
(D
eg
rees)
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After Primer Tests
Unprimed DE Phthalate
T 2-Eox-ide
PDMS- PFDD
PDMS- OH T Ethox-ide
T Chloride Uncoated40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
100.0
110.0
120.0
130.011
2.9
113.
3
109.
8
113.
6
109.
1
111.
3
107.
2
44.6
104.
1
118.
0
111.
8
106.
7
113.
1
107.
4
108.
1
97.3
104.
2
104.
0
105.
7
104.
3
102.
0
102.
4
Bake and Iron Contact Angles
Unwashed
Washed once with Ethanol
Washed with Ethanol, and then Soap and Wa-ter
Primers
Con
tact
An
gle
(D
eg
rees)
N=3
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Durability Tests
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Durability Test Applications OPA dissolved in ethanol solventP-FOPA dissolved in
chloroform/ethanol solution ◦Able to wet and coat surface!
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Durability Test ApplicationsMaterials: aluminum, steel, glass
◦Clean with ethanol and hot waterBake in oven, heat gun, infrared
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Durability TestsSteel wool – 10 seconds Heat test – ½ hour @ 250C
◦Hot ethanol bath for 5 minutes Washed with hand soap and
sponge
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After Durability Tests
Heat Gun Infrared0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
120.0
140.0125.2
119.5
97.589.786.8
94.2
117.1
133.1
102.8
91.5
P-FOPA Contact Angles--Stainless Steel
InitialAfter steel woolAfter heatAfter ethanolAfter soap/water
Application Method
Con
tact
An
gle
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A
B
C
Aluminum A: UncoatedB: OPA C: P-FOPA
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Mixing Primers & P-FOPA
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After Durability Tests
DE Phthalate T Ethoxide Uncoated0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
120.0
140.0127.4
116.7
59.6
108.6103.0
118.6
95.6
113.8
100.8
Primer Contact Angles--P-FOPA on Stainless Steel
InitialAfter washingAfter steel woolAfter heat
Coating
Con
tact
An
gle
n =1
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Sources of ErrorQuick washes Lack of replication
◦3 samples Human Error
◦Application method◦Possible multi-layers: lower angles
for unwashed samples
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ConclusionBest primers
◦ Diethyl phthalate◦ PDMS-PFDD (polydimethylsiloxane-co-dimer
acid, bis(perfluorododecyl) terminated) ◦ Tantalum(V) ethoxide ◦ Neither worked well with P-FOPA except when
applied to stainless steel
OPA, P-FOPA◦Heat gun – least time consuming◦316L stainless steel discs
SEM: view coatings
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Acknowledgements
Thanks to: ◦Dr. Avaltroni ◦Darius Rackus◦Aculon, Inc. ◦Sponsors of the NJGSS 2009 Program
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Picture Creditshttp://www.wired.com/images/articl
e/full/2009/04/teflon (2)
http://greatgreengadgets.com/gadgets/2007/08/22/green-alternative-to-teflon-cookware/ (2)
http://www.healthbase.com/resources/orthopedics/total-hip-replacement-surgery-implants/zimmer-hip-replacement-implant-cemented-cementless-press-fit-india-affordable-medical-tourism.html (2)
http://www.ramehart.com/goniometers/index.htm (10)
http://www.ramehart.com/goniometers/contactangle.htm (11)
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Works Cited Shannon, Fintan J.; Cottrell, Jocelyn M., Deng, Xiang-Hua, Doty, Steven B.; Warren, Russell F.; Wright, Timothy M.;
Crowder, Katherine, N.; Avaltroni, Michael J.; Schwartz, Jeffrey; “A Novel Surface Treatment for Porous Metal Implants That Improves The Rate of Bony Ingrowth” J Biomed Mater Res A. 2008; 86(4):857-64.
Danahy, M. P.; Avaltroni, M. J.; Midwood, K. S.; Schwarzbauer, J. E., Schwartz, J. “Self Assembled Monolayers of a,w-Diphosphonic Acids on Ti Enable Complete of Spatially Controlled Surface Derivitization.” Langmuir, 2004, 20, 5333 – 5337
Schwartz, J.; Avaltroni, M. J.; Danahy, M. P.; Silverman, B. M.; Hanson, E. L. ; Schwarzbauer, J. E.; Midwood, K.; Gawalt, E. S. “Cell Attachment and Spreading on Metal Implant Materials.” Materials Science and Engineering C, 2003, 23, 395-400
Gawalt, E. S.; Avaltroni, M. J.; Danahy, M. P.; Silverman, B. M.; Hanson, E. L.; Midwood, K. S.; Schwarzbauer, J. E.; Schwartz, J. “Bonding Organics to Ti Alloys: Facilitating Human Osteoblast Attachment and Spreading on Surgical Implant Materials.” Langmuir, 2003, 19, 200-204
Gawalt, E. S.; Avaltroni, M. J.; Koch, N.; Schwartz, J. “Self Assembly and Bonding of Alkanephosphonic Acids on the Native Oxide Surface of Titanium.” Langmuir, 2001, 17, 5736-5740
Schwartz; Jeffrey (Princeton, NJ), Avaltroni; Michael J. (Staten Island, NY), Danahy; Michael P. (Princeton, NJ), Silverman; Brett M. (Princeton, NJ), Carrier Applied Coating Layers. U.S. Patent 7396594, July 8, 2008
Schwartz; Jeffrey; (Princeton, NJ) ; Danahy; Michael; (Lewiston, ME) ; Avaltroni; Michael; (Staten Island, NY) ; Guo; Jing; (Sunnyvale, CA), Enhanced Bonding Layers on Native Oxide Surfaces, U.S. Provisional Patent Award 20080166470, July 10, 2008
Schwartz, J.; Gawalt, E.; Avaltroni, M. “Enhanced bonding of phosphoric and phosphonic acids to oxidized subtrates”; United States Patent #6,645,644
Avaltroni, Michael J.; Bruner, Eric L. Hanson, Eric L.; “Organophosphate Adhesion Promoters“ U.S. Patent, Submitted 2006
Avaltroni, M.J.; Bruner, E.L.; Hanson, E.; „“Thin Films“, 2006, United States Patent Pending Schwartz, J; Avaltroni, M.J.; “Devices With Multiple Surface Functionality“; 2006, United States Patent Pending Schwartz, J; Avaltroni, M.J.; “Devices With Multiple Surface Functionality“; 2005, United States Patent
60/737,397 Schwartz, J; Avaltroni, M.J.; Danahy, Michael P.; Silverman, Brett M.; “Carrier Applied Coating Layers”; 2005,
United States Patent 10/876,294 Schwartz, J.; Avaltroni, M.; Carolus, M.; Hanson, E.; Schwarzbauer, J.; Midwood, K.; Danahy, M. “Enhanced
bonding layers on native oxide surfaces”; 2004, United States Patent 10/405,557. Schwartz, J.; Danahy, M.; Avaltroni, M.; Midwood, K.; Scwarzbauer, J.; Carolus, M.; Gawalt, E. “ Enhanced bonding
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