Transforming Agriculture: Why, How, Who , When · 2015. 6. 8. · Global investments across sectors...
Transcript of Transforming Agriculture: Why, How, Who , When · 2015. 6. 8. · Global investments across sectors...
![Page 1: Transforming Agriculture: Why, How, Who , When · 2015. 6. 8. · Global investments across sectors (2% of GDP, Stern report); 0.16% of GDP (141 Bn $/year) invested in agriculture](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051910/5ffed7389954a803f250c66c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Dr. Hans R. Herren President Millennium Institute Founder & Chairman of Biovision Foundation [email protected]
Transforming Agriculture: Why, How, Who , When
International Workshop of the RLC Food security and sustainable agriculture: The future of Smallholder Farmers? Bonn May 30 June 4, 2015
![Page 2: Transforming Agriculture: Why, How, Who , When · 2015. 6. 8. · Global investments across sectors (2% of GDP, Stern report); 0.16% of GDP (141 Bn $/year) invested in agriculture](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051910/5ffed7389954a803f250c66c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Overview
1. Transforming agriculture and the Food System: from brown to green: why (today’s situation)
2. How (what do we know already): challenges and solutions for the needed transformation of global agriculture and food systems
3. Who and when
![Page 3: Transforming Agriculture: Why, How, Who , When · 2015. 6. 8. · Global investments across sectors (2% of GDP, Stern report); 0.16% of GDP (141 Bn $/year) invested in agriculture](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051910/5ffed7389954a803f250c66c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
IAASTD – Report
Co-Chairs: Hans R Herren & Judy Whakungu www.globalagriculture.org
“Business as usual
is not an option”
![Page 4: Transforming Agriculture: Why, How, Who , When · 2015. 6. 8. · Global investments across sectors (2% of GDP, Stern report); 0.16% of GDP (141 Bn $/year) invested in agriculture](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051910/5ffed7389954a803f250c66c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The global agriculture & food situation • 800 million undernourished – 1.5 billion obese – 300 million
diabetes type 2 cases, etc. => health problem
• The industrial/conventional food system uses 10 kcal to produce 1 => energy problem
• The industrial/conventional food system is a major part of the climate change problem
• Soil degradation, water shortages, biodiversity loss underlie food insecurity => natural resource problem
• Industrial/conventional agriculture has emptied the rural areas instead of providing quality jobs, access to land => social problem
![Page 5: Transforming Agriculture: Why, How, Who , When · 2015. 6. 8. · Global investments across sectors (2% of GDP, Stern report); 0.16% of GDP (141 Bn $/year) invested in agriculture](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051910/5ffed7389954a803f250c66c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
David Tilman et al. Science 2001
….a food system that is not sustainable
![Page 6: Transforming Agriculture: Why, How, Who , When · 2015. 6. 8. · Global investments across sectors (2% of GDP, Stern report); 0.16% of GDP (141 Bn $/year) invested in agriculture](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051910/5ffed7389954a803f250c66c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
What is and what is not sustainable in agriculture and food systems?
Brown Green
![Page 7: Transforming Agriculture: Why, How, Who , When · 2015. 6. 8. · Global investments across sectors (2% of GDP, Stern report); 0.16% of GDP (141 Bn $/year) invested in agriculture](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051910/5ffed7389954a803f250c66c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
David Tilman et al. Science 2001
The main problems (too much external / non renewable inputs)
![Page 8: Transforming Agriculture: Why, How, Who , When · 2015. 6. 8. · Global investments across sectors (2% of GDP, Stern report); 0.16% of GDP (141 Bn $/year) invested in agriculture](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051910/5ffed7389954a803f250c66c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
UNEP 2012
…replacing nature with business – a bad idea
![Page 9: Transforming Agriculture: Why, How, Who , When · 2015. 6. 8. · Global investments across sectors (2% of GDP, Stern report); 0.16% of GDP (141 Bn $/year) invested in agriculture](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051910/5ffed7389954a803f250c66c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
The main problem (too much damages)
![Page 10: Transforming Agriculture: Why, How, Who , When · 2015. 6. 8. · Global investments across sectors (2% of GDP, Stern report); 0.16% of GDP (141 Bn $/year) invested in agriculture](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051910/5ffed7389954a803f250c66c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Grain Unctad 2011
The main problems (too much GHG)
![Page 11: Transforming Agriculture: Why, How, Who , When · 2015. 6. 8. · Global investments across sectors (2% of GDP, Stern report); 0.16% of GDP (141 Bn $/year) invested in agriculture](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051910/5ffed7389954a803f250c66c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
The main problems (too much production, too much waste)
![Page 12: Transforming Agriculture: Why, How, Who , When · 2015. 6. 8. · Global investments across sectors (2% of GDP, Stern report); 0.16% of GDP (141 Bn $/year) invested in agriculture](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051910/5ffed7389954a803f250c66c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Understanding the consequences: CC and water / temperature stresses
-50% -15% 0%
+35% +15% 2080
![Page 13: Transforming Agriculture: Why, How, Who , When · 2015. 6. 8. · Global investments across sectors (2% of GDP, Stern report); 0.16% of GDP (141 Bn $/year) invested in agriculture](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051910/5ffed7389954a803f250c66c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
• A fundamental shift in Agricultural Knowledge Science and Technology and => agri-food system policies (UNSG), => institutions => capacity development => investments (UNCTAD)
• Paradigm change: transition to sustainable / ecological agriculture addressing the multi-functionality and resilience needs of small-scale and family farmers (eco-intensification, vs smart)
• Need to use a systemic and holistic approach / National multistakeholder assessments (IAASTD)
13
The main solutions
![Page 14: Transforming Agriculture: Why, How, Who , When · 2015. 6. 8. · Global investments across sectors (2% of GDP, Stern report); 0.16% of GDP (141 Bn $/year) invested in agriculture](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051910/5ffed7389954a803f250c66c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
The 3 +1 dimensions of sustainable development
Sustainable & Resilient
viable
livable equitable
Environment Economic
Social Governance
![Page 15: Transforming Agriculture: Why, How, Who , When · 2015. 6. 8. · Global investments across sectors (2% of GDP, Stern report); 0.16% of GDP (141 Bn $/year) invested in agriculture](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051910/5ffed7389954a803f250c66c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Sustainable Un-sustainable
Low
pro
duct
ivity
H
igh
pro
duct
ivity
The main solutions: 1. Paradigm shift / all inclusive
![Page 16: Transforming Agriculture: Why, How, Who , When · 2015. 6. 8. · Global investments across sectors (2% of GDP, Stern report); 0.16% of GDP (141 Bn $/year) invested in agriculture](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051910/5ffed7389954a803f250c66c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Encouraging a wider genetic base in agriculture…trees, fruits, grains, vegetables, lost crops, animals
for nutrition and health, cultural diversity, incomes, pest control, resilience to climate change
The main solution: 2. More diversity in the plate, true costing
Barilla, 2011
![Page 17: Transforming Agriculture: Why, How, Who , When · 2015. 6. 8. · Global investments across sectors (2% of GDP, Stern report); 0.16% of GDP (141 Bn $/year) invested in agriculture](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051910/5ffed7389954a803f250c66c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
The main solutions: 3. Closing the yield gap….but only the right way!
![Page 18: Transforming Agriculture: Why, How, Who , When · 2015. 6. 8. · Global investments across sectors (2% of GDP, Stern report); 0.16% of GDP (141 Bn $/year) invested in agriculture](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051910/5ffed7389954a803f250c66c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Increase soil structure/ air spaces / SOM-SOC
• Turn the nitrogen in the air into nitrate and ammonium (air is 78% N)
• Soil carbon dioxide increases plant growth • SOM helps plant and microbial growth through
growth stimulating compounds • Helps root growth, by making it easy for roots to
travel through the soil • Improves growth through easy access to deep
nutrients and water
The main solutions: 3: Improving soil fauna and flora, ie, organic matter
After Andre Leu 2014
![Page 19: Transforming Agriculture: Why, How, Who , When · 2015. 6. 8. · Global investments across sectors (2% of GDP, Stern report); 0.16% of GDP (141 Bn $/year) invested in agriculture](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051910/5ffed7389954a803f250c66c/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
After Andre Leu 2014 Bhutan
1 % SOM = 160,000 litres (common level) 5 % SOM = 800,000 litres (levels pre farming) Per ha (to 30 cm)
The main solutions: 3: Improving soil fauna and flora, ie, organic matter
![Page 20: Transforming Agriculture: Why, How, Who , When · 2015. 6. 8. · Global investments across sectors (2% of GDP, Stern report); 0.16% of GDP (141 Bn $/year) invested in agriculture](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051910/5ffed7389954a803f250c66c/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Organic Conventional In 1995 –drought year
The main solutions: it’s the soil stupid!
![Page 21: Transforming Agriculture: Why, How, Who , When · 2015. 6. 8. · Global investments across sectors (2% of GDP, Stern report); 0.16% of GDP (141 Bn $/year) invested in agriculture](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051910/5ffed7389954a803f250c66c/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Organic Conventional In 1995 –drought year
The main solutions: 3: SOM
![Page 22: Transforming Agriculture: Why, How, Who , When · 2015. 6. 8. · Global investments across sectors (2% of GDP, Stern report); 0.16% of GDP (141 Bn $/year) invested in agriculture](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051910/5ffed7389954a803f250c66c/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Organic Conventional
In 1995 –drought year Conventional Organic Picture: FiBL DOK Trials
The main solutions: 3: SOM
![Page 23: Transforming Agriculture: Why, How, Who , When · 2015. 6. 8. · Global investments across sectors (2% of GDP, Stern report); 0.16% of GDP (141 Bn $/year) invested in agriculture](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051910/5ffed7389954a803f250c66c/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
The main solutions: 3: pests, weeds and soil fertility
![Page 24: Transforming Agriculture: Why, How, Who , When · 2015. 6. 8. · Global investments across sectors (2% of GDP, Stern report); 0.16% of GDP (141 Bn $/year) invested in agriculture](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051910/5ffed7389954a803f250c66c/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
The main solutions: 3. Healthy animals (on farm, not in factories)
![Page 25: Transforming Agriculture: Why, How, Who , When · 2015. 6. 8. · Global investments across sectors (2% of GDP, Stern report); 0.16% of GDP (141 Bn $/year) invested in agriculture](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051910/5ffed7389954a803f250c66c/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
The main solutions: 3. Agronomic practices SRI
![Page 26: Transforming Agriculture: Why, How, Who , When · 2015. 6. 8. · Global investments across sectors (2% of GDP, Stern report); 0.16% of GDP (141 Bn $/year) invested in agriculture](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051910/5ffed7389954a803f250c66c/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
The main solutions: 3. Biological / natural pest and disease control
![Page 27: Transforming Agriculture: Why, How, Who , When · 2015. 6. 8. · Global investments across sectors (2% of GDP, Stern report); 0.16% of GDP (141 Bn $/year) invested in agriculture](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051910/5ffed7389954a803f250c66c/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
The main solutions: 3. promotion of pollinators
![Page 28: Transforming Agriculture: Why, How, Who , When · 2015. 6. 8. · Global investments across sectors (2% of GDP, Stern report); 0.16% of GDP (141 Bn $/year) invested in agriculture](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051910/5ffed7389954a803f250c66c/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
The main solutions: 3. GMOs?...for what exactly? (cause vs symptom)
![Page 29: Transforming Agriculture: Why, How, Who , When · 2015. 6. 8. · Global investments across sectors (2% of GDP, Stern report); 0.16% of GDP (141 Bn $/year) invested in agriculture](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051910/5ffed7389954a803f250c66c/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
David Quist, 2010 pers com
The main solutions: 3. genetic diversity, quo vadis?
![Page 30: Transforming Agriculture: Why, How, Who , When · 2015. 6. 8. · Global investments across sectors (2% of GDP, Stern report); 0.16% of GDP (141 Bn $/year) invested in agriculture](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051910/5ffed7389954a803f250c66c/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
The main solutions: 3. genetic diversity, quo vadis?
![Page 31: Transforming Agriculture: Why, How, Who , When · 2015. 6. 8. · Global investments across sectors (2% of GDP, Stern report); 0.16% of GDP (141 Bn $/year) invested in agriculture](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051910/5ffed7389954a803f250c66c/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
FAO, 2014
The main solutions: 4. Smallholder farmers
![Page 32: Transforming Agriculture: Why, How, Who , When · 2015. 6. 8. · Global investments across sectors (2% of GDP, Stern report); 0.16% of GDP (141 Bn $/year) invested in agriculture](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051910/5ffed7389954a803f250c66c/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
FAO, 2014
The main solutions: 4. Smallholder vs industrial farmers (who does better?)
![Page 33: Transforming Agriculture: Why, How, Who , When · 2015. 6. 8. · Global investments across sectors (2% of GDP, Stern report); 0.16% of GDP (141 Bn $/year) invested in agriculture](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051910/5ffed7389954a803f250c66c/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
….low external vs high external inputs (1)
MI, 2013
![Page 34: Transforming Agriculture: Why, How, Who , When · 2015. 6. 8. · Global investments across sectors (2% of GDP, Stern report); 0.16% of GDP (141 Bn $/year) invested in agriculture](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051910/5ffed7389954a803f250c66c/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
• Improve, expand extension services and capacity bldg
• Strengthen Institutions
• Emphasize local solutions; Women and Youth
The main Solutions: 5. R&D & Edu
![Page 35: Transforming Agriculture: Why, How, Who , When · 2015. 6. 8. · Global investments across sectors (2% of GDP, Stern report); 0.16% of GDP (141 Bn $/year) invested in agriculture](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051910/5ffed7389954a803f250c66c/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Global investments across sectors (2% of GDP, Stern report); 0.16% of GDP (141 Bn $/year) invested in agriculture for:
- Pre harvest losses (training activities and effective pest management with bio-products, IPM) - Ag management practices (cover transition costs from till to no till, organic, agroecological agriculture, training, access to small scale mechanization and irrigation) - R&D (research in soil biology and agronomy, crop improvement (orphan crops), appropriate mechanization, irrigation, and more) - Food processing (better storage and processing in rural areas, efficient processing, marketing, less waste)
A systems model for the transition: scenarios from the UNEP GER ag chapter 2011
Is such a transition possible and how?
![Page 36: Transforming Agriculture: Why, How, Who , When · 2015. 6. 8. · Global investments across sectors (2% of GDP, Stern report); 0.16% of GDP (141 Bn $/year) invested in agriculture](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051910/5ffed7389954a803f250c66c/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
… the numbers: we can win-win-win by 2050
Indicator Unit Baseline Green BAU
Agricultural production
Bn US$/year 1’921 2’852 2’559
Crops Bn US$/year 629 996 913
Employment M people 1’075 1’703 1’656
Soil quality Dmnl 0.92 1.03 0.73
Water use Km3 / year 3‘389 3‘207 4‘878
Land Bn ha 1.2 1.26 1.31
Deforestation M ha/ year 16 7 15
Calories for consumption
Kcal/person/day
2‘081 2‘524 2‘476
Source: UNEP Green Economy Report (2011)
Investing 0.2% of total GDP ($141 Billion) / year
![Page 37: Transforming Agriculture: Why, How, Who , When · 2015. 6. 8. · Global investments across sectors (2% of GDP, Stern report); 0.16% of GDP (141 Bn $/year) invested in agriculture](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051910/5ffed7389954a803f250c66c/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
1 2
-1
2
-5
0
10 4
-9
8
-13 -18
31
8
-26
12
-20
-44 -45
-30
-15
0
15
30
Real GDP Employment % Poverty Nutrition Water stress Footprint/biocapacity
%
2015 2030 2050
… the numbers: we can win-win-win by 2050
![Page 38: Transforming Agriculture: Why, How, Who , When · 2015. 6. 8. · Global investments across sectors (2% of GDP, Stern report); 0.16% of GDP (141 Bn $/year) invested in agriculture](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051910/5ffed7389954a803f250c66c/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
§115 „We reaffirm the important work and inclusive nature of the Committee on World Food Security, including through its
role in facilitating country-initiated assessments on sustainable food production and food security“
Changing course in global agriculture:
«The Future We Want» (Rio+20 Declaration) recognized • the fact that «a significant portion of the world’s poor live in
rural areas» • the role that agriculture plays in development • the importance and utility of a set of Sustainable Development
Goals (SDGs); • and reaffirmed the necessity to promote, enhance and support
more sustainable agriculture
![Page 39: Transforming Agriculture: Why, How, Who , When · 2015. 6. 8. · Global investments across sectors (2% of GDP, Stern report); 0.16% of GDP (141 Bn $/year) invested in agriculture](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051910/5ffed7389954a803f250c66c/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
The main solutions: System’s approach to problem analysis and solving
Global Warming
Energy Sector
Human Population
Food Production
Fresh Water
Migration
Health Catastrophes
Land Loss & Flooding
PlantCalories
MeatCalories
PlantConsumption
MeatConsumption
MeatProduction
PlantProduction
SoilCapacity Soil Nutient
ConsumptionSoil NutrientProductioin
Plant Calories forMeat Production
S
S
HumanPopulationHuman
BirthsHumanDeaths
Plant Calories forHuman Use
S
S
Calories perCapita
O
S
Life SustainingCalories per Capita
CalorieGapHabitat
Conversion
Acres inAgriculture
O
S
S
S
S
S
S
FertilizerDemand
S
S
O
Petroleum Use forFertilizer
S
S ToxicResidue
S
O
R
OPopulation
Density
Migration
Pursuit of 1st WorldFood Mix
Exposure to a HigherStandard of Living
MethaneProduction
S
S
S
S
S
S
WaterDemand
S
FaminesO
S
RB
B
S
Irrigation
SoilSalinization
S
S
O
S
BiofuelsProduction
Land Loss
GlobalTemperature
Variation in RainfallPattern
Droughts
S
S
S
O
O
O
policy variables
environmental resources
external input
economic resources
social resources
food andnutritionsecurity
food access
food availability
food use
crop and animal foodproductioncrop area
income
access to market /market information
investment ineconomic
factors
investment insocial factors
biodiversity
soil organicmatter
soil nutrients
water
agriculturalmachinery
infrastructure
energy
r & dresources
health
agricultureknowledge
education
fertilizerssynthetic /
organicpesticideschemical /biological
private expenditure
forest area
resourcesdistribution
incomedistribution monetary
ruralpoverty
processingcapacity
publicexpenditure
solar radiation
temperature
pasture area
storage capacity
atmosphere co2
external seedsand feeds
expenditure forexternal input
plant andanimal health
climate stability
irrigation
input prices
land tenurequality
genderparity
food aid
net import
foodprice
access tocredit
saving
governance
populationemployment
fooddemand
farmer'sorganization
expenditure forenvironmental factors
equity policiesgenderpolicies
access to socialservices
productionloss
intermediateconsumption
urbanization
urban-ruralremittances
s
policy variables
environmental resources
external input
economic resources
social resources
food andnutritionsecurity
food access
food availability
food use
crop and animal foodproductioncrop area
income
access to market /market information
investment ineconomic
factors
investment insocial factors
biodiversity
soil organicmatter
soil nutrients
water
agriculturalmachinery
infrastructure
energy
r & dresources
health
agricultureknowledge
education
fertilizerssynthetic /
organicpesticideschemical /biological
private expenditure
forest area
resourcesdistribution
incomedistribution monetary
ruralpoverty
processingcapacity
publicexpenditure
solar radiation
temperature
pasture area
storage capacity
atmosphere co2
external seedsand feeds
expenditure forexternal input
plant andanimal health
climate stability
irrigation
input prices
land tenurequality
genderparity
food aid
net import
foodprice
access tocredit
saving
governance
populationemployment
fooddemand
farmer'sorganization
expenditure forenvironmental factors
equity policiesgenderpolicies
access to socialservices
productionloss
intermediateconsumption
urbanization
urban-ruralremittances
s
![Page 40: Transforming Agriculture: Why, How, Who , When · 2015. 6. 8. · Global investments across sectors (2% of GDP, Stern report); 0.16% of GDP (141 Bn $/year) invested in agriculture](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051910/5ffed7389954a803f250c66c/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Politische Massnahmen Evaluation des
Nahrungssystems durch systemdynamische
Modelle
international
Committee on
World Food Security (CFS)
Sustainable Development
Goals (SDGs)
Changing course of global agriculture
national
![Page 41: Transforming Agriculture: Why, How, Who , When · 2015. 6. 8. · Global investments across sectors (2% of GDP, Stern report); 0.16% of GDP (141 Bn $/year) invested in agriculture](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051910/5ffed7389954a803f250c66c/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Implementing the CCGA Multi-stakeholder Assessments (KEN/SEN/ETH)
![Page 42: Transforming Agriculture: Why, How, Who , When · 2015. 6. 8. · Global investments across sectors (2% of GDP, Stern report); 0.16% of GDP (141 Bn $/year) invested in agriculture](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051910/5ffed7389954a803f250c66c/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
….new problems
![Page 43: Transforming Agriculture: Why, How, Who , When · 2015. 6. 8. · Global investments across sectors (2% of GDP, Stern report); 0.16% of GDP (141 Bn $/year) invested in agriculture](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051910/5ffed7389954a803f250c66c/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Thank you!
Thank you www.millennium-institute.org [email protected]
The time to act is now….and please in the right direction. We have the evidence, the solutions and the means……