TRANSFORMATIONS 2

MARIJA KRZNARIĆ

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COMPLETE THE SECOND SENTENCE SO THAT IT HAS A SIMILAR MEANING TO THE FIRST SENTENCE, USING THE WORD GIVEN. DO NOT CHANGE THE WORD GIVEN. YOU MUST USE MORE THAN TWO WORDS, INCLUDING THE WORD GIVEN. 1. I forgot her number so I couldn’t ring her. remember

If

2. By pressing the button you lock all the doors. pressAll the doors

3. I didn’t wake up on time because I didn’t hear the alarm clock. wokenIf

4. The reason the dog bit him was that he was in our garden. bittenThe dog

5. She wrote very fast and as a result made a lot of mistakes. slowlyIf she

6. Owing to technical difficulties the plane was not able to take off. ableIf there

HAD REMEMBERED HER NUMBER, I COULD HAVE RUNG HER UP.

WILL LOCK IF YOU PRESS THIS BUTTON.

I’D HEARD THE ALARM CLOCK, I WOULD HAVE WOKEN UP ON TIME.

WOULDN’T HAVE BITTEN HIM IF HE HADN’T BEEN IN OUR GARDEN.

HAD WRITTEN MORE SLOWLY, SHE WOULDN’T HAVE MADE SO MANY MISTAKES.

HADN’T BEEN TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES, THE PLANE WOULD HAVE BEEN ABLE TO TAKE OFF.

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7. He hasn’t got enough money now because he didn’t save when he was working. wouldIf now.

8. It’s just as well you told me or I might have married him. youIf

9. We couldn’t play tennis yesterday because of the rain. rainIf

10. You can eat sweets but you must always brush your teeth afterwards. providedYou can eat sweets

11. If you don’t get dressed right away we’ll go without you. putUnless

12. We only eat there because the prices are so low. chargeIf they

13. I won’t eat any more cake because I’m full. fullIf I

14. If that noise doesn’t stop soon I won’t feel like eating. put offThat noise will unless

HE HAD SAVED WHEN HE WAS WORKING, HE WOULD HAVE MONEY

YOU HADN’T TOLD ME I MIGHT HAVE MARRIED HIM.

IT HADN’T RAINED WE WOULD’VE BEEN ABLE TO PLAY TENNIS YESTERDAY.

PROVIDED YOU BRUSH YOUR TEETH AFTERWARDS.

YOU PUT ON YOUR CLOTHES, WE’LL GO WITHOUT YOU.

DIDN’T CHARGE (US) SUCH LOW PRICES WE WOULDN’T EAT THERE.

WEREN’T FULL, I WOULD EAT SOME MORE CAKE.

PUT ME OFF EATING IT STOPS SOON.

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15. I’ll only leave the waiter some money if he’s quick. tipI won’t he’s quick.

16. Take my advice and don’t drink so much whisky! ifI’d drink you.

17. Is that the place where you lived before? useDid you place?

18. Before I moved in I had no one to talk to. thereBefore I moved in anyone to talk to.

19. She doesn’t live there any more, I believe. usedShe , I believe.

20. Whenever I told her that story she always laughed a lot. wouldI used to tell her that story and a lot.

21. I couldn’t warn you because I didn’t know about it myself. warned if

22. The reason she found out about it was that he told his sister. ifShe if he his sister.

TIP THE WAITER UNLESS

LESS IF I WERE

USE TO LIVE IN THAT

THERE WASN’T

USED TO LIVE THERE

SHE WOULD ALWAYS LAUGH

I COULD HAVE WARNED YOU I HAD KNOWN ABOUT IT MYSELF.

WOULDN’T HAVE FOUND OUT ABOUT IT HADN’T TOLD

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23. Not realizing how unhappy she was, he spent very little time with her. wouldHe with her if he how unhappy she was.

24. I lost her phone number so I never saw her again. haveI would I hadn’t lost her phone number.

25. We’re not living together any more because she went away to university. stillWe if she to university.

26. She didn’t take the trouble to find out why so she doesn’t understand. hadShe taken the trouble to find out why.

27. Without the provision of spare parts for the machine, the project would have failed. if the project would

have failed.

28. A more gradual introduction of technology would eliminate many problems. introduce many problems

29. Mary rarely watches TV. However, sometimes she watches a documentary or the news.If ever a documentary or the news. if ever

WOULD HAVE SPENT MORE TIME HAD KNOWN

HAVE SEEN HER AGAIN IF

WOULD STILL BE LIVING TOGETHER HADN’T GONE AWAY

WOULD UNDERSTAND IF SHE HAD

IF THE SPARE PARTS FOR THE MACHINE HAD NOT BEEN PROVIDED,

IF TECHNOLOGY WERE INTRODUCED MORE GRADUALLY, WOULD BE ELIMINATED.

SHE WATCHES TV, IT’S

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Transform the sentences but keep the same meaning:

1) The last time I saw him was three years ago.I for three years.

2) They have been married for 25 years.They 25 years ago.

3) Mary did the shopping despite the heavy rain.Mary did the shopping even heavily.

4) Why don't you take the 10.15 train to London?.How 10.15 train to London?.

5) Although, she was wealthy she lived in poverty.Despite in poverty.

6) The carpenter is building a new bookcase for us.We are built.

7) I haven’t typed the report yet.The report yet.

9) There had to be someone who knew the answer.Someone the answer.

10) It’s about a four hour drive from Valencia to Madrid.The drive from Valencia to Madrid four hours.

HAVEN’T SEEN HIM

GOT MARRIED

THOUGH IT WAS RAINING

ABOUT TAKING THE

BEING WEALTHY SHE LIVED

HAVING A NEW BOOKCASE

HASN’T BEEN TYPED

MUST HAVE KNOWN

TAKES ABOUT

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11) Sam felt happy after having a hard work out with her tennis instructor.moodSam after having a good work out with her tennis instructor.

12) Writing all of the sentence isn’t necessary in this exercise.needThere’s all of the sentence in this exercise.

13) Nobody, apart from Robert’s mother, thought he would pass the FCE exam.personRobert’s mother thought he would pass the FCE exam.

14) The secretary connected me to the managing director.putThe secretary the managing director.

15) Samantha would have gone to dinner with Leo if she hadn’t been so tired.tiredSamantha was to dinner with Leo.

16) The Indian restaurant was practically empty.hardlyThere the Indian restaurant.

WAS/FELT IN A GOOD MOOD

NO NEED TO WRITE

WAS THE ONLY ONE WHO

PUT ME THROUGH TO

TOO TIRED TO GO

WAS HARDLY ANYONE IN

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17) Robert couldn’t solve the problem.solutionRobert was unable the problem.

18) I can’t believe this is the best Chinese restaurant in Madrid!betterThere must in Madrid!

19) It’s a waste of time for you to ask Samantha for her phone number.pointThere’s Samantha for her phone number.

20) Robert has a full time job and looks after his sick mother too.wellRobert has a full time job his sick mother.

21) “Whose is this Gameboy?” the teacher asked the students.to“Who ?” the teacher asked the students.

22) They aren’t selling tickets for the U2 concert until next week.beingTickets for the U2 concert until next week.

23) It is a nurse’s responsibility to take care of the patients.responsibleA nurse patients.

TO FIND THE/A SOLUTION TO

BE A BETTER CHINESE RESTAURANT

NO POINT (IN) ASKING

AS WELL AS LOOKING AFTER

DOES THIS GAMEBOY BELONG TO

AREN’T BEING/WON’T BE SOLD

IS RESPONSIBLE FOR LOOKING AFTER THE

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24) Mary couldn’t eat the curry because it was too spicy.tooThe curry Mary to eat.25) I’m sorry I didn’t kiss her when I had the chance.wishI her when I had the chance.26) Danny wrote his best poetry while he was staying in Tel Aviv.wasDanny’s best poetry stay in Tel Aviv.27) ‘We will send the disk only if you pay us first,’ said Luis.not‘We will you pay us first,’ said Luis.28) Football doesn’t interest Craig.interestedCraig football.29) You may have to sleep outside so take a sleeping bag.caseTake a sleeping bag sleep outside.30) I’ve had enough of the noise from next door.putI refuse the noise from next door any more.31) The council are going to demolish that old block of flats.pulledThat old block of flats down.

WAS TOO SPICY FOR

WISH I HAD KISSED

WAS WRITTEN DURING HIS

NOT SEND THE DISK UNLESS

ISN’T INTERESTED IN

IN CASE YOU HAVE TO

TO PUT UP WITH

IS GOING TO BE PULLED

10

32) I haven’t seen this film before.timeIt’s the first this film.

33) How long was your journey from Barcelona to Valencia?takeHow long travel from Barcelona to Valencia?

34) After a long session with her gym instructor Sam was so tired that she couldn’t eat much.tooAfter a long session with her gym instructor Sam was .

35) Doing sentence transformations is not as much fun as listening to native speakers.thanListening to native speakers sentence transformations.

36) Craig began to learn Spanish five years ago.learningCraig five years.

37) Robert has not had a job for three years.outRobert for three years.

TIME I HAVE SEEN

DID IT TAKE YOU TO

TOO TIRED TO EAT

IS MORE FUN THAN DOING

HAS BEEN LEARNING SPANISH FOR

HAS BEEN OUT OF WORK/A JOB

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38) ‘Have you read any poems by Pablo Neruda, Craig?’ asked Angela.readAngela asked Craig any poems by Pablo Neruda.

39) The last time I got drunk was eight months ago.forI eight months.

40) Harry is not usually late.likeIt is late.

IF/HE HAD READ

HAVEN’T BEEN DRUNK FOR

NOT LIKE HARRY TO BE41) “Why don’t you do some exercise?” said Angela.doingAngela exercise.42) If you don’t lose weight, you’ll get depressed.loseUnless get depressed.43) I haven’t tried skiing before.firstThis is tried skiing.44) The bank has rejected my application for a loan.turnedMy application for a loan the bank.

SUGGESTED DOING SOME

YOU LOSE WEIGHT YOU’LL

THE FIRST TIME I HAVE

HAS BEEN TURNED DOWN BY

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45) The company chairman said that his accountant had stolen the money.accusedThe company chairman the money.46) They are too young to be smoking marijuana.enoughThey to be smoking marijuana. 47) Teachers have refused to work for three weeks.strikeTeachers three weeks.48) It was wrong of you to offer him money.Have You him money.49) I don’t want to spend the weekend with your sister and her two horrible kids.ratherI the weekend with your sister and her two horrible kids.50) That’s the nicest compliment I’ve ever been given.suchI’ve nice compliment.

ACCUSED HIS ACCOUNTANT OF STEALING

ARE NOT OLD ENOUGH

HAVE BEEN ON STRIKE FOR

SHOULD NOT HAVE OFFERED

WOULD RATHER NOT SPEND

NEVER BEEN GIVEN SUCH A

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INVERSION Sentence transformations  Finish each sentence so that it is as similar in meaning as possible to the one printed before it. 1. The minute she left, the meeting broke up. No sooner ... No sooner had she left than the meeting broke up. 2. Immediately after solving one problem, I was faced with another. Hardly … Hardly had I solved one problem when I was faced with another.

 3. The colour of that jacket suits you, and it fits you perfectly. Not only …Not only does the colour of that jacket suit you, but it also fits you

perfectly.  4. The minute he set eyes on her, he fell in love. No sooner ...

No sooner had he/did he set eyes on her than he fell in love.

 5. You must remember to pay that bill, whatever you do. On no account ...  On no account must/should you forget to pay that bill.

 

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6. He did not start to feel ill until after the meal. Only when ...Only when he had finished the meal/the meal had ended did he start to

feel ill.

7. People are not free from the influence of TV anywhere in the world. Nowhere ...  Nowhere in the world are people free from the influence of TV.

8. There has not been an invention which so radically affected society since the printing press. Not since ...  Not since the printing press has there been an invention which so radically affected society.

9. You rarely find a family without a television set nowadays. Rarely ...  Rarely do you find a family without a television set these days.

10. Busy parents can seldom resist the temptation to use the TV as a childminder.Seldom ...Seldom can busy parents resist the temptation to use the TV as a

childminder.

 11. Some claim that TV discourages conversation and also encourages anti-social behaviour. Not only ...

Not only does TV discourage conversation, but it also encourages anti-social behaviour. 

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12. Researchers have not found a single case of violence that could be directly linked to a TV programme. Not a ...

Not a single case of violence have researchers found that could be directly linked to a TV.

1. What he did next really surprised us.   takenWe were what he did next.

2. We will never forget that experience.   an That was experience.

3. Terry is the shortest member of the team.  thanNo-one in the team Terry.

4. This is the first time anyone has done that.   before has anyone done that. 5. I really wish that I had studied harder.   moreIf only . 6.You will get everything you have ever wanted.   comeAll your wishes 7. Everybody thinks that Frank stole the money.  ofEverybody the money.

Transform the sentences but keep the same meaning:

taken aback by

an unforgettable

is shorter than

Never before

I had studied more

will come true.

suspects Frank of stealing

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8. Did she say who the dog belonged to?   dogDid she say was?

9. They are going to get married next June. plannedTheir next June.

10. I haven't eaten fish since last Wednesday.   timeThe fish was last Wednesday.

whose dog it

last time I ate

Rewrite the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first. Use no more than 5 words.

1 You must never take your helmet off while you are riding a motorcycle.allHelmets must be worn when riding a motorcycle.

2 They wanted to apologize for their behavior: that's why they paid for dinner. orderThey paid for dinner for their behavior.

3 It isn't necessary to bring skis as they are included in the package.haveYou bring skis as they are included in the package.

marriage is planned for

at all times

in order to apologize

don’t have to

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4 I thought parking was allowed here. under the impressionI was under the impression that parking was allowed here.

5 Tom said, "I will be playing tennis when you arrive."heTom said he would be playing tennis when I arrived.

6 When I was a child, we would go to the local park every Saturday afternoon.usedWhen I was a child, we used to go to the park every Saturday.

7 His daughter continued to cry until he could not be seen any longer.sightShe continued to cry until he was out of sight.

8 I'm afraid that car is just too expensive.meansI’m afraid that car is beyond my means.

9 They moved to this suburb in 1997.livedThey have lived in this suburb since 1997.

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10 One other thing before I forget - Jack is coming to visit next weekend.by , Jack is coming to visit next weekend.

11 They managed to finish the project in time for the presentation. succeededThey the project in time for the presentation.

12 Maurice didn't come to the meeting yesterday. Perhaps he was ill. mightMaurice yesterday.

13 Jane allows her children to stay up to midnight on Saturday evenings. letJane late on Saturdays.

14 Luckily, Peter wasn't charged with an offense when the police caught him stealing the first time.

offPeter was very lucky because he .

15 Can I accompany you to the party? mindDo you to the party?

By the way

succeded in finishing

might have been ill

lets her children stay up

was let off

mind my accompanying you

19

16 I wish you didn't drive so fast. onlyIf so fast.

17 I think Tom needs to see a doctor. His cough is terrible. oughtWith that terrible cough, Tom a doctor.

18 You should feel horrible! Why did you say that to Jack? shame ! Why did you say that to Jack?

19 The authorities said she wasn't responsible for the accident. faultThe accident 20 "Why don't you take a holiday?", said Peter. suggestedPeter a holiday.

21 I haven't seen Tom for ages. sinceIt's been a long time Tom.

only you didn’t drive

ought to see

Shame on you

wasn’t her fault.

suggested I take

since I last saw

20

22 They were still playing tennis after three hours. beenThey for three hours.

23 He didn't want to join in the celebrations. takeHe didn't want the celebrations.

24 What a shame he wasn't able to come. wishI wish come.

25 I took a sweater but it wasn't necessary. takenI a sweater.

26 If you don't know how to spell the word, why don't you check in the dictionary? upWhy don't in the dictionary?

27 Somebody should tell him. toldHe by someone.

had been playing

to take part in

he had been able to

needn’t have taken

you look the word up

needs to be told

21

28 The concert was horrible. timeThe concert was a complete .

29 He couldn't find me at the exhibition. findHe wasn't able me at the exhibition.

30 She let her son go to New York for the weekend. allowedShe to New York.

31 I haven't seen her for ages. timeThe was 15 years ago.

32 I didn't understand what he was saying because I hadn't read his book. wouldIf I had read his book what he was saying.

33 As the class representative I would like to welcome you. behalfI'd like to welcome you the class.

waste of time

to find

allowed her son to go

last time I saw her

I would have understood

on behalf of

22

34 They believe the students were educated in Canada. believedThe students educated in Canada.

35 He escaped using a disguise. meansHe escaped a disguise.

36 Remind me to call Jack. forgetDon't let Jack.

37 This pasta is a new experience for me. timeIt is I have tried this pasta.

38 She has probably found a new job. likelyIt a new job.

39 I don't agree with prohibiting smoking in bars. favourI'm prohibiting smoking in bars.

are believed to have been

by means of

me to forget to call

the first time

is likely she has found

not in favour of

23

40 It doesn't need to be finished this afternoon. finishIt this afternoon.

41 Pittsburgh is less exciting than New York. asPittsburgh New York.

42 He couldn't read the inscription because it was too high. lowThe inscription wasn't for him to reach.

43 She didn't accept his marriage proposal. downShe

44 We were told to wait here by the director. whoIt was the director to wait here.

45 Can you look after the kids this afternoon? ofCan the kids this afternoon?

isn’t necessary to finish

isn’t as exciting as

low enough

turned his marriage proposal down.

who told us

you take care of

24

46 "Why don't you take a day off?" asked Jim. shouldJim suggested a day off.

47 He acts like a poor man even if he has a lot of money. factEven though he acts like a poor man, he has a lot of money.

48 I didn't mean to break that vase. onI didn't break that vase

49 Jack says Jenny is responsible. accordingIt's Jenny's Jack.

50 I was so bored by his lecture that I left. boringHis lecture was I left.

51 I am afraid I'm still having problems with understanding life in New York. usedI living in New York.

I should take

in fact

on purpose.

responsibility according to

so boring that

am not used to

25

51 I think we need to get a new car. inWe need to get a new car

52 I'd prefer it if you didn't smoke in here. mind smoking in here?

53 Many people were delayed because of the traffic jam. number

were delayed by the traffic jam.

54 It was such an interesting novel I stayed up all night to finish it. soThe novel was I stayed up all night to finish it.

55 Although he was able to do the job, he wasn't given the position. despite

to do the job, he wasn't given the position.

56 You should take the train instead of the bus. wereIf , I'd take the train instead of the bus.

in my opinion.

Would you mind not

A number of people

so interesting

Despite his ability

I were you

26

57 Can you describe him to me? likeWhat ?

58 It isn't necessary to buy a first class ticket. haveYou a first class ticket.

59 I'm sure he was at home last night. mustHe at home last night.

Why the above transformations at all?

The ability to rewrite sentences so that they have the same meaning as the original is often required for many English ESL EFL Exams such as Cambridge's First Certificate, CAE and Proficiency. This skill can also help you prepare for the TOEFL examination (Test of English as a Foreign Language). It is also an important skill which can help you improve your understanding of similar English expressions and vocabulary.

is he like

don’t have to buy

must have been

ANY QUESTIONS?

NO?

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!