Transformation of the God-Image: An Elucidation of Jung's Answer to Job (Studies in Jungian...

TransformationoftheGod-Image

title:TransformationoftheGod-image:AnElucidationofJung'sAnswertoJobStudiesinJungianPsychology

author: Edinger,EdwardF.publisher: InnerCityBooks

isbn10|asin: 0919123554printisbn13: 9780919123557ebookisbn13: 9780585115337

language: English

subjectJungianpsychology,Bible.--O.T.--Job--Criticism,interpretation,etc,ImageofGod,Religion--Philosophy.

publicationdate: 1992lcc: BL51.J8533E351992ebddc: 150.1954

subject:Jungianpsychology,Bible.--O.T.--Job--Criticism,interpretation,etc,ImageofGod,Religion--Philosophy.

Marie-LouisevonFranz,HonoraryPatron

StudiesinJungianPsychologybyJungianAnalysts

DarylSharp,GeneralEditor

TransformationoftheGod-ImageAnElucidationofJung'sAnswertoJob

EdwardF.EdingerEditedwithaForewordby

LawrenceW.Jaffe

ThankstoNancyBerryforherdiligentworkonthetypescript,toSusanMurphyforheradviceandencouragement,andtoIsabelMavityforhergeneroussupportoftheproject.LawrenceW.Jaffe.

CanadianCataloguinginPublicationData

Edinger,EdwardF.(EdwardFerdinand),1922-TransformationoftheGod-image

(StudiesinJungianpsychologybyJungiananalysts;54)

Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.

ISBN0-919123-55-4

1.Jung,C.G.(CarlGustav),18751961.AntwortaufHiob.2.Bible.O.T.JobCriticism,interpretation,etc.3.ImageofGod.4.ReligionPhilosophy.I.Title.II.Series.

BL51.E351992223'.106C92-093051-4

Copyright©1992byEdwardF.Edinger.Allrightsreserved.

INNERCITYBOOKSBox1271,StationQ,Toronto,CanadaM4T2P4Telephone(416)927-0355FAX416-924-1814

HonoraryPatron:Marie-LouisevonFranz.PublisherandGeneralEditor:DarylSharp.SeniorEditor:VictoriaCowan.

INNERCITYBOOKSwasfoundedin1980topromotetheunderstandingandpracticalapplicationoftheworkofC.G.Jung.

Cover:Paintingofadreamimage,byC.G.Jung,1920.[FromAnielaJaffé,ed.,C.G.Jung:WordandImage(BollingenSeriesXCVII:2);Princeton:PrincetonUniversityPress,1979]

Frontispiece:PhotobyMargaretaFellerer,Ascona.

PrintedandboundinCanadabyUniversityofTorontoPressIncorporated

Contents

Foreword 7

1Introduction

11

2PrefatoryNote,Paragraphs553559andtheBookofJob

21

3Paragraphs560576

32

4Paragraphs577608

42

5Paragraphs609624

53

6Paragraphs625648

63

7Paragraphs649661

73

8Paragraphs662687andtheBookofEnoch

82

9Paragraphs688712

92

10Paragraphs713733

102

11Paragraphs734747

113

12Paragraphs748758,AssumptionofMaryandSummary

124

Bibliography 136

Index 138

SeefinalpageforothertitlesbyInnerCityBooks

ForewordDespitetheBiblicalimagery,thisbookisnotconcernedwithtraditionalreligion.Itssubject,rather,ispsychology,thescientificstudyofthesoul.ReferencesaretoJob,GodandChristbecauseourdeepestfeelingsstillresonatetothatimagery.Putanotherway,thereasonfortheBiblicalreferencesisbecause"Jungianpsychologyhasthetaskofintroducingtotheworldanewworldview."1TherootsofthisnewworldviewlieintheJudeo-Christianmyth.

If,asEdingerpredicts,Jung'sworksareonedayreadasScriptureoncewasforsustenanceofoursouls,formovingwordsthattouchustotheheart,forreassurance,guidanceandorientationAnswertoJobwillsurelyoccupyauniqueplaceintheJungiancanon.ThespecialstatusofAnswertoJobasthemostcompletestatementofJung'sessentialmessagehaslongbeenacknowledgedbyJungianswhohavediscusseditincountlessseminarsandconferencessinceitspublicationin1952.

WhathassparkedallthisinterestisthatthecentralthemeofAnswertoJobthetransformationofGodthroughhumanconsciousnessisthecentraltheme,too,ofJungianpsychology.NotlongbeforehisdeathJunghimselfaffirmeditsimportance,remarkingthat"hewouldliketorewriteallofhisbooksexceptAnswertoJob,buthewouldleavethatonejustasitstands."2

NowcomesadefinitivestudyofAnswertoJobbyEdinger,inhisusualtrenchantstyle,atonceeruditeanddown-to-earth,thoughtfulandheartfelt.

ForagenerationEdingerhasbeenintheforefrontofthosewhohavecarriedforwardtheworkofthegreatSwisspsychiatristCarlGustavJung.EdingerisafoundingmemberofboththeC.G.JungFoundation

forAnalyticalPsychologyofNewYorkandtheJungInstituteofNewYork.HeservedaspresidentoftheInstitutefrom1968through1979,andwasalsoamemberofitsfaculty.Histen

1EdwardF.Edinger,Aion,lectureseriesavailableonaudiotapefromtheC.G.JungInstituteofLosAngeles.2Marie-LouisevonFranz,C.G.Jung:HisMythinOurTime,p.161.

booksandmorethanfiftypublishedarticlesrevealfourmajorareasofinterest:clinical,cultural,alchemicalandthepsychologicalredemptionoftraditionalreligion.3Asingleunifyingthemerunsthroughthemall,namelytheego'sencounterwithandrelationtotheSelf,Jung'stermfortheregulatingcenterofthepsyche.

AtarecentJungianconferenceontheinnerchildwheretheworkofdevelopmentalpsychologistswasemphasized,aparticipantroseinthefinalmomentstoaskhowwepsychotherapistscouldbeartolistenhourafterhour,dayafterday,tothestoriesofterriblepsychicwoundsinflictedonchildren,whouponbecomingparentsunconsciouslyrepeatthepattern.

Irepliedsomewhatasfollows:"ThisiswhereJungcomesin.Hesaysthattheenlightenedhumanconsciousnessbreaksthechainofsufferingandtherebyacquiresametaphysicalandcosmicsignificance.Wetherapistssometimesseethisprocessoperatinginourdailywork.Withouttheinterventionofconsciousnessthechainrepeatsitself."4

SeveralpeoplethankedmeforremindingthemofJung'swords,whichinfactIhadinmindonlybecauseIhadrecentlyheardthemreformulatedbyEdinger.5

AnswertoJobcontainsthekernel,theessence,oftheJungianmyth,andEdinger'sstudyofitevokesthatessencewithunequaledclarityandpower.Thisisnottosaythateverythinginitwillbecrystalclearatfirstglance,butitispossiblethatthereceptivereaderwillcatchawhisperofJung'smeaninginsomewordorphrase,andthiswillrepaytheeffortmanyfold.

Apartfromminorstylisticrevisions,thefollowingisatranscriptofthecourseoftwelvelecturesgivenbyEdingerattheC.G.JungInstituteofLosAngelesinthefallof1989.

LAWRENCEW.JAFFEJUNGIANANALYST,BERKELEY

3SeebibliographyforacompletelistofEdinger'spublishedbooks.4SeeJung,Letters,vol.2,p.311.5AnAmericanJungian:EdwardF.EdingerinConversationwithLawrenceJaffe(videotape).Seealsobelow,p.61.

WhoeverknowsGodhasaneffectonhim.C.G.Jung,AnswertoJob.

Jungattheageof75

1IntroductionGenerallyspeaking,AnswertoJobcanbeconsideredadepth-psychologicalexaminationoftheJudeo-Christianmyth,whichisatthecoreoftheWesternpsyche.AnotherwayofputtingitisthatAnswertoJobisacontinuationofAion.6Jungsaysasmuchhimself:

ThemostimmediatecauseofmywritingthebookisperhapstobefoundincertainproblemsdiscussedinmybookAion,especiallytheproblemsofChristasasymbolicfigureandoftheantagonismChrist-Antichristrepresentedinthetraditionalzodiacalsymbolismofthetwofishes.7

ThebasicissueinAionisthedoubleorbipolarnatureoftheChristianGod-imagewhichunfoldeditselfinthecourseofthehistoryoftheChristianaeon.BeginningwiththeimageofthesonofYahweh,Christ,inthefirsthalfoftheaeon,agradualenantiodromia8tookplaceandtheoppositesidethebadson,theAntichristpoleofthebipolardeitybegantomanifestinthesecondhalfoftheChristianaeon.AnswertoJobcontinuesthestudyoftheWesternGod-image,andinparticularexploreshowhumanconsciousnesschangesthenatureofthatGod-image.

InordertoavoidconfusionasyouarereadingAnswertoJobit'simportanttodistinguishthreedifferentaspects,orversions,oftheWesternGod-image:

1)TheGod-imageaspicturedintheOldTestamentYahweh.

2)TheGod-imageaspicturedinChristiantheology.ThiscorrespondstotheimagethatChristdelineatedtheGodofLove.

3)TheGod-imageasexperiencedpsychologicallybymodernmenandwomen.

6CW9ii.(CWrefersthroughouttoTheCollectedWorksofC.G.Jung)7"PrefatoryNote,"PsychologyandReligion,CW11,p.357.8Runningcounterto."Iusethetermenantiodromiafortheemergenceoftheunconsciousoppositeinthecourseoftime."("Definitions,"PsychologicalTypes,CW6,par.709)

Theseare,inshort,theOldTestamentGod,theNewTestamentGodandGodasexperiencedpsychologically.

Jungreferstoallthreeoftheseintermittentlyandinterweavesthem.That'swhyIwanttomakecrystalclearthatoneisreallydealingwiththreedifferententities,becauseotherwiseyoucangetlostandconfusedastowhatJungisgettingat.

1)TheGod-imageaspicturedintheOldTestament.ThisistheGod-imagethatwasexperiencedbyJob.Itischaracterizedbyacombinationofopposites:Yahwehisbothkindandwrathful,justandunjust,andhecontainstheseoppositeswithoutcontradictionbecausenoconsciousnesshaseverintervenedtochallengethecontradiction.Job,inhisencounterwithYahweh,becomesthatconsciousness,perceivesthecontradictionandtherebygeneratesthechallengetoYahweh.

2)TheGod-imageaspicturedinChristiantheology.InChristiantheologytheGod-imageofYahwehhasundergoneatransformationbytheIncarnation.It'sneversaidsooutright,itwouldbekindofscandaloustosayitoutright.Butinthelegendaryandmarginalmaterialit'sstatedquiteexplicitlythatYahwehwastamedinthelapoftheVirgin.Heunderwentatransformation,that'stheidea,bybeingincarnatedasman.TheYahwehGod-imageisbornasaman,andintheprocessofthatincarnationhetakesonaone-sidedgoodness.Hebecomesexclusivelytheloving,benevolentGodwhohasnodarknessinhim.ThatisrepresentedbythefigureofChristwhoistheologicallyconsideredtobethesonofGod.ButasJungpointsout,he'sonlyoneoftwosons.Inthebackgroundistheotherson,Satan,theAntichrist,whoisgoingtohavehisdaysoonerorlater.

3)TheGod-imageasexperiencedpsychologicallybymodernmenandwomentakesusuptothepresenttimetoourownindividualexperiencewhichweneedtobringtothisstudyofAnswertoJobin

ordertomakeitreallyrelevantpsychologically.JunghashadalottosayabouthowtheGod-imageisexperiencedpsychologicallyandIwanttospendmostoftheremainderofourtimetodaygivingexamplesofJung'sexperienceoftheGod-image.

Here'showheputitinhisVisionsSeminars:

ForthecollectiveunconsciouswecouldusethewordGod....

Youallknowwhatthecollectiveunconsciousis,youhavecer-

taindreamsthatcarrythehallmarkofthecollectiveunconscious:insteadofdreamingofAuntThisorUncleThat,youdreamofalion,andthentheanalystwilltellyouthatthatisamythologicalmotif,andyouwillunderstandthatitisthecollectiveunconscious.Soyougetthecollectiveunconsciousrightthere.ThisGodisnolongermilesofabstractspaceawayfromyouinanextra-mundanesphere.Thisdivinityisnotaconceptinatheologicaltextbook,orintheBible;itisanimmediatething,ithappensinyourdreamsatnight,itcausesyoutohavepainsinthestomach,diarrhea,constipation,awholehostofneuroses....Ifyoutrytoformulateit,tothinkwhatthecollectiveunconsciousisafterall,youwindupbyconcludingthatitiswhattheProphetswereconcernedwith;itsoundsexactlylikesomethingsintheOldTestament.ThereGodsendsplaguesuponpeople,heburnstheirbonesinthenight,heinjurestheirkidneys,hecausesallsortsoftroubles.Thenyoucomenaturallytothedilemma:IsthatreallyGod?IsGodaneurosis?...Nowthatisashockingdilemma,Iadmit,butwhenyouthinkconsistentlyandlogically,youcometotheconclusionthatGodisamostshockingproblem.Andthatisthetruth,Godhasshockedpeopleoutoftheirwits.ThinkwhathedidtopooroldHosea.Hewasarespectablemanandhehadtomarryaprostitute.Probablyhesufferedfromastrangekindofmothercomplex.9

ThatonepassagewillgiveyouanideaofwhattheGod-imageiswhenencounteredpsychologically.I'mgoingtogiveyoufurtherexamples.Inthe1937Terrylectures,Jungdiscussesapatientwhohadacancerphobia.Hewasconvincedhehadcancer,andnoamountofmedicalexaminationcouldconvincehimotherwise.

What,then,shallwesaytoourpatientwiththeimaginarycancer?Iwouldtellhim:''Yes,myfriend,youarereallysufferingfromacancer-likething,youreallydoharbourinyourselfadeadlyevil.However,itwillnotkillyourbody,becauseitisimaginary.Butitwilleventuallykillyoursoul.Ithasalreadyspoiltandevenpoisonedyourhumanrelationsandyourpersonalhappinessanditwillgoongrowinguntilithasswallowedyourwholepsychicexistence.Sothatintheendyouwillnotbeahumanbeinganymore,butanevildestructivetumour.''10

9Vol.2,p.391.10"PsychologyandReligion,"PsychologyandReligion,CW11,par.19.

Jungcontinues:

Itis,tomymind,afatalmistaketoregardthehumanpsycheasapurelypersonalaffair....[If]someslighttroubleoccurs,perhapsintheformofanunforeseenandsomewhatunusualevent,instantlyinstinctualforcesarecalledup,forceswhichappeartobewhollyunexpected,new,andstrange.Theycannolongerbeexplainedintermsofpersonalmotives,beingcomparablerathertocertainprimitiveoccurrenceslikepanicsatsolareclipsesandthelike....

Thechangeofcharacterbroughtaboutbytheuprushofcollectiveforcesisamazing.Agentleandreasonablebeingcanbetransformedintoamaniacorasavagebeast....Asamatteroffact,weareconstantlylivingontheedgeofavolcano,andthereis,sofarasweknow,nowayofprotectingourselvesfromapossibleoutburst....

...Itonlyneedsaneurosistoconjureupaforcethatcannotbedealtwithbyrationalmeans.Ourcancercaseshowsclearlyhowimpotentman'sreasonandintellectareagainstthemostpalpablenonsense.Ialwaysadvisemypatientstotakesuchobviousbutinvinciblenonsenseasthemanifestationofapowerandameaningtheyhavenotyetunderstood....Ourpatientisconfrontedwithapowerofwillandsuggestionmorethanequaltoanythinghisconsciousnesscanputagainstit.Inthisprecarioussituationitwouldbebadstrategytoconvincehimthatinsomeincomprehensiblewayheisatthebackofhisownsymptom,secretlyinventingandsupportingit.Suchasuggestionwouldinstantlyparalysehisfightingspirit,andhewouldgetdemoralized.Itisfarbetterforhimtounderstandthathiscomplexisanautonomouspower[i.e.,God]directedagainsthisconsciouspersonality.11

Thismanwascaughtbyhisphobia.That'showtheGod-imagemanifestedinhim.

Inaninterviewhegavenotlongbeforehisdeath,JungdescribedhisexperienceoftheGod-imageinthesewords:

TothisdayGodisthenamebywhichIdesignateallthingswhichcrossmywillfulpath,violentlyandrecklessly,allthingswhichupsetmy

subjectiveviews,plansandintentionsandchangethecourseofmylifeforbetterorworse.12

11Ibid.,pars.2426.12InterviewpublishedinGoodHousekeepingMagazine,December1961.SeealsoLetters,vol.2,p.525.

InalettertoErichNeumannconcerningAnswertoJobJungreferstohisexperienceofGodinthisway:

Icouldnolongerconsidertheaveragereader.Ratherhehastoconsiderme.[ThisiswhyitissohardforustounderstandAnswertoJob,youseebecausethisistheattitudehe'swritingitoutof.]Ihadtopaythistributetothepitilessfactofmyoldage.Withtheundimmedprospectofall-aroundincomprehensionIcouldexercisenosuasionsandnocaptatiobenevolentiae[curryingfavor];therewasnohopeoffunnellingknowledgeintofools.Notinmylivery,but"nakedandbareImustgodowntothegrave,"fullyawareoftheoutragemynakednesswillprovoke.ButwhatisthatcomparedwiththearroganceIhadtosummonupinordertobeabletoinsultGod?...

ThebookisabouttheCanonicalGod-image.Thisisourprimeconcern,andnotageneralphilosophicalconceptofGod.Godisalwaysspecificandalwayslocallyvalid,otherwisehewouldbeineffectual.TheWesternGod-imageisthevalidoneforme,whetherIassenttoitintellectuallyornot.Idonotgoinforreligiousphilosophy,butamheldinthrall,almostcrushed,anddefendmyselfasbestIcan....Thisislocal,barbaric,infantile,andabysmallyunscientific.13

That'sthequalityoftheGod-imageandtheGod-experiencethatJunghadandoutofwhichAnswertoJobwaswritten.

Inanotherletterwrittenafewdaysearlier,he'sreplyingtoaninquiryaboutAnswertoJobinwhichthecorrespendenthadcommentedonJung'ssarcasm.

Whatoffendsyoubotheredmetoo.Iwouldhavelikedtoavoidsarcasmandmockerybutcouldn't,forthatisthewayIfeltandifIhadnotsaidsoitwouldhavebeenalltheworse,buthidden.IrealizedonlyafterwardsthattheyhavetheirplaceasexpressingresistancetoGod'snature,whichsetsusatoddswithourselves.IhadtowrenchmyselffreeofGod,sotospeak,inordertofindthatunityinmyselfwhichGodseeksthroughman....

Sarcasmiscertainlynotaprettyquality,butIamforcedtouseevenmeansIfindreprehensibleinordertodelivermyselffromtheFather.Godhimselfusesverydifferentmeanstojoltthesehumanbeingsofhisintoconsciousness.Ithasnotyetbeenforgotten,I

13Letters,vol.2,p.32.

hope,whathappenedinGermanyandwhatishappeningdayafterdayinRussia.Job'ssufferingneverceasesandmultipliesamillionfold.Icannotavertmyeyesfromthat.ByremainingwiththeFather,IdenyhimthehumanbeinginwhomhecouldunifyhimselfandbecomeOne,andhowcanIhelphimbetterthanbybecomingOnemyself?...

Sarcasmisthemeansbywhichwehideourhurtfeelingsfromourselves,andfromthisyoucanseehowverymuchtheknowledgeofGodhaswoundedme,andhowverymuchIwouldhavepreferredtoremainachildintheFather'sprotectionandshuntheproblemofopposites.Itisprobablyevenmoredifficulttodeliveroneselffromgoodthanfromevil.ButwithoutsinthereisnobreakingawayfromthegoodFather;sarcasmplaysthecorrespondingroleinthiscase.14

InalettertoMortonKelsey,JungcontinuestospeakofhisexperienceofGod:

[In]discussingtheadmittedlyanthropomorphicimageofYahweh...Idonotapplymetaphysicaljudgements.FromthismethodologicalstandpointIgainthenecessaryfreedomofcriticism.TheabsenceofhumanmoralityinYahwehisastumblingblockwhichcannotbeoverlooked,aslittleasthefactthatNature,i.e.,God'screation,doesnotgiveusenoughreasontobelieveittobepurposiveorreasonableinthehumansense.Wemissreasonandmoralvalues....ItisthereforeobviousthattheYahwisticimageorconceptionofthedeityislessthan[thatof]certainhumanspecimens:theimageofapersonifiedbrutalforceandofanunethicalandnon-spiritualmind,yetinconsistentenoughtoexhibittraitsofkindnessandgenerositybesidesaviolentpower-drive.Itisthepictureofasortofnature-demonandatthesametimeofaprimitivechieftainaggrandizedtoacolossalsize....

Thisimageowesitsexistence[tocertainexperiencesoftheprophets]....

ThismostshockingdefectuosityoftheGod-imageoughttobeexplainedorunderstood.Thenearestanalogytoitisourexperienceoftheunconscious:itisapsychewhosenaturecanonlybedescribedbyparadoxes:itispersonalaswellasimpersonal,moralandamoral,justandunjust,ethicalandunethical,ofcunningintelligenceandatthesametime

blind,immenselystrongandextremelyweak,etc.

14ibid.,p.28.

Thisisthepsychicfoundationwhichproducestherawmaterialforourconceptualstructures.TheunconsciousisapieceofNatureourmindcannotcomprehend.Itcanonlysketchmodels.15

Jung'slettersgiveusapictureofhowhecametowriteAnswertoJobinthespringof1951.Itwasn'ttheresultofarationaldecision.Hewasseventy-fiveyearsoldandinthemidstofafebrileillness.Itwasvirtuallydictatedtohimfromtheunconsciousandassoonasitwascompleted,hisillnesswasover.

InalettertoAnielaJafféonJuly18,1951,Jungwrote:

Ifthereisanythinglikethespiritseizingonebythescruffoftheneck,itwasthewaythisbookcameintobeing.16

Andacoupleofyearslater:

Thebook"cametome"duringthefeverofanillness.ItwasasifaccompaniedbythegreatmusicofaBachoraHandel....Ijusthadthefeelingoflisteningtoagreatcomposition,orratherofbeingataconcert.17

Andagain:

MycriticismoftheYahwisticGod-imageisforyouwhattheexperiencewasforme:adramathatwasnotminetocontrol.Ifeltmyselfutterlythecausaministerialisofmybook.Itcameuponmesuddenlyandunexpectedlyduringafeverishillness.IfeelitscontentasanunfoldingofthedivineconsciousnessinwhichIparticipate,likeitornot.18

AlsoEstherHardingtoldmethatduringhisillnessafiguresatonhisbedpostanddictatedAnswertoJobtohim.Hesayssomethingaboutthisinoneofhisletters,too.He'srespondingtoareviewofAnswertoJob:

AllowmetotellyouthatIamprofoundlygratefultoyouforyourmostremarkablyobjectivereviewofmyuncouthattempttodisturbtheobnoxioussomnolenceoftheguardians.Thatisthewayin

15Ibid.,p.434.16Ibid.,p.20.17Ibid.,p.116.18Ibid.,p.112.

whichthisdamnablelittlebooklookstome....Iwouldnothavewrittenthisthing.Ihadkeptawayfromitstudiously.IhadpublishedbeforethevolumeAioninpolitelanguageandasmuchmanmadeaspossible.Itwasnotsufficientapparently,becauseIgotillandwhenIwasinthefeveritcaughtmeandbroughtmedowntowritingdespitemyfever,myage,andmyheartthatisnonetoogood.IcanassureyouIamamoralcowardaslongaspossible.Asagoodlittlebourgeoiscitizen,Iamlyinglowandconcealedasdeeplyaspossible,stillshockedbytheamountoftheindiscretionsIhavecommitted,swearingtomyselfthattherewouldbenomoreofitbecauseIwantpeaceandfriendlyneighbourhoodandagoodconscienceandthesleepofthejust.WhyshouldIbetheunspeakablefooltojumpintothecauldron?

Well,Idon'twanttobemelodramatic.Thisisjustforyourpersonalinformation.IhavenomeritandnoproperguiltsinceIgottoit"likeadogtoakick,"aswesay.AndthelittlemoralcowardIamgoesonwhining:WhyshouldIbealwaystheonethatcollectsallavailablekicks?

Itellyouthesethingsbecauseyouhavebeennice,just,andlenientwithme.Theattribute"coarse"ismildincomparisontowhatyoufeelwhenGoddislocatesyourhiporwhenheslaysthefirstborn....

Thatisonesideofmyexperienceswithwhatiscalled"God.""Coarse"istooweakawordforit.''Crude,""violent,""cruel,''"bloody,""hellish,""demonic"wouldbebetter.ThatIwasnotdownrightblasphemousIowetomydomesticationandpolitecowardice.AndateachstepIfelthinderedbyabeatificvisionofwhichI'dbettersaynothing.19

ButhedidsaysomethingaboutitinMemories,Dreams,Reflections.20InotherwordshealsoexperiencedtheoppositeofthedarksideofGod.

Ithinkanotherself-descriptionofJungandhisexperienceofwritingAnswertoJobisimplicitinhisdescriptionofJohn,theauthoroftheBookofRevelation:

19Ibid.,pp.155f.

20Seep.294,whereJungdescribeshisconiunctiovisionsduringhisnear-fatalillnessin1944.ThispassageisalsoquotedinEdinger,TheBibleandthePsyche:IndividuationSymbolismintheOldTestament,pp.144145.

Inconfiniomortis[theedgeofdeath]andintheeveningofalongandeventfullifeamanwilloftenseeimmensevistasoftimestretchingoutbeforehim.Suchamannolongerlivesintheeverydayworldandinthevicissitudesofpersonalrelationships,butinthesightofmanyaeonsandinthemovementofideasastheypassfromcenturytocentury.21

ThatdescriptionfitsJung,Ithink,andit'soutofthatstateofmindthatAnswertoJobwaswritten.

WheneverIstarttoconsideraworkthefirstthingIlookatisthetitle.Iassumethattitleswillhavedepthsofmeaningthatbearsomereflectionthatthey'renotjustcasuallabels.ThisbookistitledAnswertoJob.Jungtellsusinthecourseoftheworkwhatthefirstlevelofmeaningofthattitleis:SinceYahwehtreatedJobunjustly,andsincethatfactwasregisteredconsciouslybyJob,thecrimethatYahwehcommittedagainstJobonaccountofhisunconsciousness,requiredrectification,requiredananswer.AndJungtellsus,inthebook,thatYahweh'sanswertohisunjusttreatmentofJobwashisincarnationasman.SinceinhisencounterwithYahweh,Job,astheimageofhumanity,haddisplayedaconsciousnesssuperiortoYahweh's,Yahwehwasobligedtocatchupwithhimmorally,sotospeak,andtheanswerwasforYahwehtobecomeman.That'stheobviousfirst-levelofmeaningofthetitle,AnswertoJob.

Ithinkthere'sasecondlevelofmeaning,too.AndIsuspectthatJungwasawareofit,aswell.ThesecondlevelofmeaningisthatJungisprovidingtheanswertoJob.Althoughthefirstlevelofmeaningwasprovidedtwothousandyearsago,nobodyhasrealizedthatthatwastheanswertoJob.Ifsomethingdoesn'treachconsciousness,itdoesn'texist.Jung'sinsightaboutthisstateofaffairseffectivelyanswersJobandofcoursenotonlytheJobofantiquitybutJobasthearchetypeofallofsufferinghumanitythathasbeenobligedtosufferunjustlybecauseofthenatureofreality.Because,asJungtellsushere,"Godis

Realityitself."(par.631)

21"AnswertoJob,"PsychologyandReligion,CW11,par.717.[Subsequentreferencesaretoparagraphnumberonly,andinthemaintext,exceptforthePrefatoryNote,wheretheparagraphsarenotnumbered.Ed.]

Finally,justonefurtherremarkconcerningthemagnitudeofthiswork.Marie-LouisevonFranz,inherbiographyofJung,tellsusthatthisistheoneworkwithwhichJungwascompletelysatisfied.22HewouldliketohavehadtheopportunitytorewriteallofhisotherworksbutwithregardtoAnswertoJobhewascontenttoleaveitjustasitstands.

WemaynotbeabletoappreciatethefullmeaningofJung'sAnswertoJobinourbriefstudy.Inmyopinionitwilltakecenturiesforthemeaningofthisworktobeassimilated.Butagoodattitudewithwhichtoapproachitisoneinwhichyoukeepinminditsmagnitudeandwhenyourunacrosssomethingyoudon'tunderstand,don'tassumeit'safailureonJung'spart.

22Seeabove,note2.

2PrefatoryNote,Paragraphs553559andtheBookofJobLasttimeweendedwithadiscussionofthetwolevelsofmeaningofthetitleofAnswertoJob.TodaywewillcontinueinsequencewithadiscussionofthePrefatoryNoteandthenextchapter,LectoriBenevoloandwewillconcludewithanotherlookattheBookofJoboftheOldTestamentwhichIaskedyoutoreread.

PrefatoryNote

InhisPrefatoryNoteJungtellsusthattheoccasionforwritingAnswertoJob(toputitinanutshell)washisencounterwiththeproblemoftheopposites.Andhetellsusthatthisproblempresenteditselftohimintwodifferentareas:

1)TheproblemoftheoppositesintheChristianGod-imagewhichhehadbeenworkingoninAion.

2)Theoppositesasencounteredinalchemy.

LetmereadagainJung'swords:

ThemostimmediatecauseofmywritingthebookisperhapstobefoundincertainproblemsdiscussedinmybookAion,especiallytheproblemsofChristasasymbolicfigureandoftheantagonismChrist-Antichrist,representedinthetraditionalzodiacalsymbolismofthetwofishes.23

Hethengoesontocriticizetheideaoftheprivatioboni,writing:

Psychologicalexperienceshowsthatwhateverwecall"good"isbalancedbyanequallysubstantial"bad"or''evil."24

SotheoppositesJungengagedarethoseofgoodandevil.

Asakindofcorollarytohisencounterwiththeoppositesinthe

ChristianGod-image,Jungaddressesthequestion,"Whenceevil?"

23PsychologyandReligion,CW11,p.357.24Ibid.

Hesays:

LaterChristianity...isdualistic,inasmuchasitsplitsoffonehalfoftheopposites,personifiedinSatan,[who]iseternalinhisstateofdamnation.Thiscrucialquestion[of"whenceevil"]...formsthepointofdeparturefortheChristiantheoryofRedemption.25

WhatJungmeansbythatisthattheChristiantheoryofredemptionpositsthesourceofeviltoresideinman.Manisthesourceofevilandthereforemanisinneedofredemption.That'sthepointofdeparturefortheChristiantheoryofredemption.PracticallyspeakingitlocatesevilinmanbutthentheologicallyspeakingitlocatesevilinthehypostasizedfigureofSatan.Sothatyou'vegotadoublemessagethere,anambiguitythathasneverbeenfacedsquarelyuntilJungfaceditinthisbook.

Sothat'stheencounterwiththeoppositesintheChristianGodimage.AndJungsaystheotherplacewhereheencounterstheoppositesisinalchemy:

Thestudyofmedievalnaturalphilosophy[that'salchemy]ofthegreatestimportancetopsychologymademetrytofindananswertothequestion:whatimageofGoddidtheseoldphilosophershave?Orrather:howshouldthesymbolswhichsupplementtheirimageofGodbeunderstood?AllthispointedtoacomplexiooppositorumandthusrecalledagainthestoryofJobtomymind:JobwhoexpectedhelpfromGodagainstGod.ThismostpeculiarfactpresupposesasimilarconceptionoftheoppositesinGod.26

Youseehisbasicconcernisdealingwiththepsychologicalproblemoftheopposites.AndI'llremindyouthatatthesametimeashewroteAnswertoJobhewasputtingMysteriumConiunctionistogether.Thatwasn'tpublishedtill1955butheworkedonitoveraten-yearperiod.Therefore(asheactuallysaysinMysteriumConiunctionis)AnswertoJobisakindofappendagetothatworkaswellasbeingakindofsequeltoAion.Itispartofthesamefabricasboththoseworks.

IwanttocallattentiontoaremarkJungmakesaboutthestyleof

25Ibid.,p.358.26Ibid.

writingheemploysinAnswertoJob:

Iwasgrippedbytheurgencyanddifficultyoftheproblemandwasunabletothrowitoff.ThereforeIfoundmyselfobligedtodealwiththewholeproblem,andIdidsointheformofdescribingapersonalexperience,carriedbysubjectiveemotions.IdeliberatelychosethisformbecauseIwantedtoavoidtheimpressionthatIhadanyideaofannouncingan"eternaltruth."27

Iunderstandthatremarktomeanheverycarefullyandexplicitlywrotethismaterialoutofhishumanwholeness.Thiskindofmaterialisreallyverydangeroustotalkabout,becauseit'ssoeasytofallintoaninflation.ItisanexampleofJung'scanninessindealingwiththeunconsciousthathecomestothismaterialoutofhumanwholenessandthusavoidstheinflationwhichwouldotherwisebeconstellatedwheneveronestartstouchingthishighlynuminousmaterial.Hewritesthisbookthroughoutwithabsolutehumanness.Hedoesn'twriteabstractlyatall,andtheearthycolloquialspeechispartofhisprotectionagainstinflationbecauseit'sverydangeroustotalkaboutthislevelofmaterial.

LectoriBenevolo[TotheKindReader]

WiththisphraseJungisaskingfortheindulgenceofthereaderwhomheknowshe'sabouttooffend.He'sapproachinguswithelaboratecourtesybecauseheknowshe'sgoingtostiruprhinoceros-likeaffectsandashetellsusinanotherplace,rhinocerosesdon'tliketobesurprisedsotheyshouldbetreatedwithelaboratecourtesy.

That'showIunderstandthatparticularphrase,"TotheKindReader."He'saskingforourkindnessinviewoftheoffensehe'sabouttooffer.Becauseassoonasyoubegintolookhonestlyintothematerialinthisbookyourealizethatit'sgoingtooffendalmosteverybody.Andifyou'renotoffended,youprobablydon'tunderstandwhathe'ssaying.

EitheronewillbeoffendedthatJungcontradictsthefamiliarGod-imagethatonecherishesinone'sownreligiousconfessionorformulation,eitherthat,orifoneisasecularrationalisthewillbeoffended

27Ibid.

thatJungtakessoseriouslytheprimitiveanthropomorphicGod-imagethatrationalistshavelongsincediscredited.Oneortheotherstandpointisgoingtobeoffendedandit'squitepossiblethatasinglepersonwillbeoffendedatbothlevelsatthesametime.SoIurgeallofyoutoadmitityou'reannoyed.

IknowwhenIfirstreadAnswertoJobwhenitcameoutintranslationinthefifties,whatoffendedmewashowseriouslyhetookthisOldTestamentGod-image,expectingsomethingfromHim.InotherwordsIhadtherationalistposition.Ithought,"GrowupJung,don'tyourealizeyoumustn'texpectjustice?Theworldisn'tlikethat."InotherwordsIhadacynical,stoic,rationalisticattitudetowardtheworld.That'showIoriginallyexperiencedmyoffense.AndIthinkeachofyoushouldaskyourselfhowyouareoffended,becauseifyoulocatehowyouareoffendeditwilltellyousomethingaboutthenatureofyourownunconsciousassumptionsandthatcanbeavaluablebitofself-knowledge.

Nextcomesthemotto.IntheGermanoriginalofAnswertoJobthismottoappearsintheLatinoftheVulgateDoleosupertefratermi...ThemeaningofthesewordsisnotaccuratelyconveyedbytheAuthorizedVersionpassagethatappearsintheEnglishtranslation.Theactualtranslationshouldread,"Igrieveforyoumybrother,"becausehe'sgrievingoverabrother'sdeath.Thisisn'tjustamatterofbeingdistressedtheworddoleomeansIgrieve,Isufferaloss.

Thebackgroundofthisquotationishighlysignificant.ItisanutteranceofDavid'sconcerninghisdearfriendJonathan.Jonathan,thesonofKingSaul,hadjustdiedinabattlewiththePhilistines,alongwithhisfather.Theyhadbothperishedinthatsamebattle.AndDavidissinginganelegytotheminwhichtheselinesappear,"OJonathan,inyourdeathIamstricken,IgrieveforyouJonathan,mybrother."28

Nowyouhavetorememberthatthismottoisdirectedatthe"kindreader,"namelyatuswewhoarereadingit.AndJungissaying"Igrieveforyoumybrotherwhoisabouttoreadthiswork."

Let'sspendafewmomentsexaminingtheBiblicalcontextof

282Sam.1:26,JerusalemBible(modified).

thesewords:SaulwasthefirstkingofIsrael,andalthoughthespiritofYahwehwaswithhimattheoutset,itturnednegativeanddestroyedhim.DavidwasthesecondkingofIsraelandthespiritofYahwehwhichhadabandonedSaulenteredDavidwhothenhadasuccessfulreign.

NowJonathanwasthesonofSaulbuthewasaloyalfriendofDavid,thoughDavidwasdestinedtoreplacehimastheking'ssuccessor.RememberthatJonathanwashisbeloved,loyalfriend.Yousee,thiswasamomentofmomentoustransitionbetweenthereignofKingSaulandthatofKingDavid.

InanearlierseriesoflecturesIspokeofSaulasrepresentingthefirst-stageegoandDavidasrepresentingthesecond-stageego.29Thesecond-stageegoistheonewiththerightrelationshiptotheSelf.AndJonathan,thesonofSaul,iscaughtbetweenconflictingloyalties.Loyaltyashisfather'ssonononehandandtotheKing-to-be,David,ontheotherhand.ButhewasnotabletochoosewholeheartedlyforDavid.IfhehadhewouldhavegoneovertoDavid'spartyandhewouldnothavebeenwithhisfatherduringthebattlewiththePhilistinesanddiedwithhim.Sohisresidualdependenceontheoutwornstateofbeingiswhatkilledhim.

I'mgoingintoallofthisbecauseitisrelevanttothewayJungperceivesthosewhoareabouttoreadhisbook.ItcorrespondstoJung'sfeelingaboutthecontemporaryworldtowhomheissendingthisbook.Yousee,likeDavid,hewasallalone.Aboutsevenmonthsbeforehediedheunburdenedhimselfinalettertoapersonwhohadsenthimabook,someonehedidn'tknow.Herearesomeofthethingshehadtosay:

IhadtounderstandthatIwasunabletomakethepeopleseewhatIamafter.Iampracticallyalone.Thereareafewwhounderstandthisandthatbutalmostnobodyseesthewhole....Ihavefailedinmyforemosttask,to

openpeople'seyestothefactthatmanhasasoul,andthereisaburiedtreasureinthefieldandthatourreligionandphilosophyisinalamentablestate.30AnswertoJobiswrittenoutofthatkindoflonelyawareness.

29SeeTheBibleandthePsyche,pp.8182.30QuotedbyGerhardAdlerin"AspectsofJung'sPersonality,"p.14.

Jungisawarethatthereadersofhisbookare,atbest,inthesamesituationasJonathan,namelycaughtintheoldattitudeandinthemomentofcrucialtransitionunabletofreethemselvescompletelytogoovertothenewattitude.We,likeJonathan,mustperishbecauseweareoperatingoutoftheoldattitude,thestandpointofKingSaul.

NowletusturntothesubstanceoftheLectoriBenevolo.It'sreallyaquitewonderfulexpositionoftherealityofthepsyche.This,youknow,isprobablythebasicthemeofJungianpsychologytherealityofthepsyche.AndJungstartsrightoutbytellingusthathe'sindangerofbeingtorntopiecesbythetwopartieswhoareinmortalconflictoverpsychologicalmatters.Eitherthepsychologicalimageryisembeddedinametaphysicalreligiouscontextandmustbetakenasconcretelytrueortheimagerycanbesubjectedtorationalistic/reductivecriticismandinterpretedawayintonothing.That'swhatIcall,elsewhere,theconcretisticandthereductivefallacies.Jungsaysthatifyou'regoingtotalkaboutthesemattersyou'regoingtobetornapartbythetwopartieswhotaketheseopposingpositions.Whereaswhathe'sofferingisathirdposition,whichisthatthesearepsychictruths.

Therearetwoorthreepagesherethatareworthmanyreadingsbecausetherealityofthepsycheiscommunicatedjustaboutaswellasitispossibletodoinwords.However,Ican'temphasizeenoughhowdifficultitisforallofustorealizetherealityofthepsyche,eventhoughwetalkaboutitallthetime.Andthat'swhyJungwassolonely.Intellectuallyit'seasyenoughtograsptheideabuttoappreciateitslivingrealityinouractualday-to-daylifeisquiteanothermatter.

InordertoillustratethisdifficultyJungwasfondofrecountingasituationwherehehadtriedtoimpressuponapatienttherealityofapsychicmatterandhe'djustgetthisblind,agreeableresponsewhich

didn'tseemtoregisterthefullreality.Jungsaidaboutthis:"ItwasasifIweretotellthatfellowthathehasarattlesnakeinhispocketandheweretosmileandsay,'Oh,isthatso?'"

That'sthenatureoftherealityofthepsyche,andwhenitdawnsonyou,thenithasthequalityofarattlesnake.

Nowthereasonwecan'trealizetherealityofthepsycheisthatitrequiresahigherlevelofconsciousnessthanweyetpossess.Itis

myexperiencethatonlyafteryearsandyearsofanalysisdoafewpeople,averyfew,begintogetaglimpseofit.Butbyandlargeit'snotsomethingavailabletoourtime.Byandlargeit'sarealizationthat'sgoingtohavetoawaitfuturehumandevelopment.Andthat'swhyJungwassolonely.

HequotestheChurchfatherTertullianconcerningthetestimoniesofthesoul.(par.556)I'mnotgoingtoreadthatbecauseofitslength,butI'mgoingtoreadacompanionquotetoitthatisakindoftestimonytotherealityofthepsyche.ThisisapassagefromtheGnosticteacherMonoïmos.Itreallypointsthewaytoarealizationofthatrattlesnake.Here'swhathesays:

Seekhim[God]fromthyself,andlearnwhoitisthattakespossessionofeverythinginthee,saying:mygod,myspirit,myunderstanding,mysoul,mybody;andlearnwhenceissorrowandjoy,andloveandhate,andwakingthoughonewouldnot,andsleepingthoughonewouldnot,andgettingangrythoughonewouldnot,andfallinginlovethoughonewouldnot.Andifyoushouldstcloselyinvestigatethesethings,thouwiltfindHiminthyself,theOneandtheMany,liketothatlittlepoint,foritisintheethathehathhisorigin.31

Sohere'ssomethingtomeditateon:yourthoughts,yourfeelings,yourpassions,youraffectsthey'renotyoursatall.Youdon'tcreatethem.It'sonlythechild'spsychethatthinkstheyarehis.Theycomefromanunknownsourceandflowthroughusandastherealityofthepsychebeginstodawnthentheobjectiverealizationalsodawnsthattheseconstituentsofthepsychearenotcreatedbytheegoatall.Theegojustnoticesthatthey'vearrived,sotospeak.

IncontinuinghisremarksabouttherealityofthepsycheJungmakesanimportantstatement.Hesays,"StatementsmadeintheHolyScripturesarealsoutterancesofthesoul."(par.557)

ThisisthemethodologicalbasisforallthatfollowsinAnswertoJob

becauseJungistakingscripturalmaterialandinterpretingandunderstandingthatmaterialasutterancesofthesoulmanifestationsoftheobjectivepsyche.AndthebasisforJung'sassumptionisthattheScripturesattainthedesignationofholinessorsacrednessasa

31Aion,CW9ii,par.347.

judgmentoftheconsensus.Overanadequateperiodoftimetheconsensusofhumanity,representingthecollectivepsyche,acknowledgestheirnuminosityandestablishesthemashavingsacredcontentandthusmarksthemastheutterancesofthesoul.

AndfinallyinLectoriBenevolo,Jungspeaksaboutadualstandpointtowardthearchetypalimages,namelyrecognizingthattheyarebothobjectsandsubjects.Thatmeansthatwhenweexperienceanarchetypalimagewecanstudyitasanobjectwecandescribeit,wecanclassifyit.Butatthesametimeitremainsasubject.Thatmeansthatthearchetypalimageisaseparatepersonality.It'saninteriorpersonalitythathassomethingofitsownsubjectivewillandintentionwhichiswhatwewouldexpectwhenweencounteranouterpersonality,anoutersubject.

Andsincethearchetypalimagehasthistwofoldreferencethenanencounterwithsuchacontentwillhaveatwofoldeffect.ItwillaffectmeandIwillaffectit.Whentheegoencountersthearchetype,thearchetypeischangedandwhenthearchetypeencounterstheego,theegoischanged.Adouble,reciprocaleffecttakesplace.

Turningnowtoourthirdcategory,IaskedyoutorereadtheBookofJobinpreparationforourstudy.LetmejustremindyouoftheoutlineoftheJobstory.

There'sawagerinheavenbetweenSatanandYahwehastowhetherornotJobcanbeturnedawayfromGodkindofaheavenlyconspiracy.Jobisthenbesetwithmultiplecalamities.Jobthenquestionshissituation:''Whyisthishappeningtome?"HecallsouttoGodtoexplaintohimwhythisishappening,tojustifytohimthereasonforit.Hesayshe'snotanevilmanandhislife,hisbehavior,doesnot,injustice,warrantthiskindoftreatment.Counselorsarriveonthescenewhotellhim,ineffect,toquitquestioningwhat'sbeyondhimandjustsubmitandadmitthatthoughhemaynotunderstandit,

Godisjust.ButJobrefuses.Heperseveresinhisquestioningandinmaintaininghisintegrity,asheputsit.Andthenfinally,Yahwehmanifests.Heshowshimselfinthewhirlwindandinhisgreatfinalspeechsays,ineffect,"Whoareyoutoquestionme?Lookatallmygrandeur."Andwiththat,Jobissilencedandacceptsthesituation.AndYahwehthenrestoresallhispropertybetterthanbefore.That'sthebarebonesoftheBiblicalaccount.

NowthisstoryistheprototypeofwhatIcalltheJobarchetype,whichpicturesacertaintypicalencounterbetweentheegoandtheSelf.IdistinguishfourchieffeaturesoftheJobarchetype:

1)There'sanencounterbetweentheegoandthegreaterpower.

2)Awoundorasufferingoftheegoresultsfromtheencounter.

3)Theegoperseveresininsistinguponscrutinizingtheexperienceinsearchofitsmeaning.Itwillnotgiveupindespairorcynicismbutperseveresintheassumptionthattheexperienceismeaningful.ThiscorrespondstoJacob'srefusaltoreleasetheangelthathe'swrestlingwithuntilhereceivesablessing.AndthisegoattitudecorrespondsalsotoJob'sinsistenceonthinkingthatheknowsthathisredeemerliveseventhoughhe'sbeingmistreated.

4)Asaresultofthatadivinerevelationtakesplacebywhichtheegoisrewardedwithinsightintothenatureofthetranspersonalpsycheanditwillbeaninsightthatsatisfiestheego.Itanswersthequestioninsomeformoranotherandbringsacceptance.

Nowthisfullsequencecantakeplaceonlyifitisn'tshort-circuitedbyapersonalisticorreductiveinterpretationatstepthree.Yousee,ifJobhadsubmittedtotheadviceofhiscounselorsthatsomewayorotherhehaditcoming,eventhoughhecan'tunderstandwhy,andheshouldadmitthathe'sgettinghisjustdeserts,ashortcircuitwouldhavetakenplaceandtherewouldhavebeennodivinerevelation.

ThisproblemisillustratedbythedialoguethattookplacebetweenVictorWhiteandJung.VictorWhitewroteareviewofAnswertoJobanegativereview,quiteanegativereview.Iwanttoreadyoualittlebitofthatdialoguebecauseit'ssoveryrelevanttotheissuesthatAnswertoJobconfrontsuswith.Ican'treadyouthewholething,Idon'thaveenoughtime,butIwanttogiveyoutheflavor:

Isitprofitable,orevensensibletoanalyseapatient'sgodswithoutanalysingthepatient,orwithoutevenaglanceathiscasehistory?Canitbeirrelevanttoallthatfollowsthat,astheopeningversesoftheBookofJobtellus,Jobismateriallyprosperousandspirituallycomplacent,thathe"eschews"(theHebrewmeans"turnsasidefrom,""ignores')evil,thatheisdrivinghischildrentodrink,thatheisanxiety-riddenwiththesuspicionthattheypreciselyblaspheme....Canwetreatthearchetypalanticsas"autonomous,"independentlyofJob'sdisturbedandanxiousego?Andisitnotsympto-

maticofthesamesplitofegofromshadowthat,asJobintensifieshisrepressions,hiswife-animaissickandtiredofhisinfantilepiety....Whatlesson,asapupilinpsychology,amIsupposedtoderivefromitall?Thatwecanlegitimatelytransferourpersonalsplitsandillstoourgodsandarchetypes,andputtheblameonthem?...OrarethecriticsrightwhoconsiderthatJungianshavebecomesopossessedbyarchetypesthattheyareindangerofabandoningelementarypersonalpsychologyaltogether?32

Jungansweredwiththisletter:

NowletusassumethatJobisneurotic...hesuffersfromaregrettablelackofinsightintohisowndissociation.Heundergoesananalysisofasort,f.i.byfollowingElihu'swisecounsel;whathewillhearandwhathewillbeawareofarethediscardedcontentsofhispersonalsubconsciousmind....YoufaintlyinsinuatethatIamcommittingElihu'serrortoo,inappealingtoarchetypesfirstandomittingtheshadow.Onecannotavoidtheshadowunlessoneremainsneurotic....Theshadowistheblockwhichseparatesusmosteffectivelyfromthedivinevoice....

IfJobsucceedsinswallowinghisshadowhewillbedeeplyashamedofthethingswhichhappened.Hewillseethathehasonlytoaccusehimself,foritishiscomplacency,hisrighteousness,hisliteral-mindednes,etc.whichhavebroughtalltheevildownuponhim....Hewillcertainlyfallintoanabyssofdespairandinferiorityfeeling,followed,ifhesurvives,byprofoundrepentance.Hewillevendoubthismentalsanity:thathe,byhisvanity,hascausedsuchanemotionalturmoil,evenadelusionofdivineinterferenceobviouslyacaseofmegalomania.

Aftersuchananalysishewillbelessinclinedthaneverbefore[tothink]thathehasheardthevoiceofGod.OrhasFreudwithallhisexperienceeverreachedsuchaconclusion?IfJobistobeconsideredasaneuroticandinterpretedfromthepersonalisticpointofview,thenhewillendwherepsychoanalysisends,viz.indisillusionmentandresignation,whereitscreatormostemphaticallyendedtoo.

SinceIthoughtthisoutcomeabitunsatisfactoryandalsoempiricallynotquitejustifiable,Ihavesuggestedthehypothesisofarche-

32JournalofAnalyticalPsychology,vol.4,no.1(January1959),pp.77ff(alsoquotedinEdinger,TheCreationofConsciousness:Jung'sMythforModernMan,pp.7778).

typesasananswertotheproblemraisedbytheshadow.33

Yousee,theproblemraisedbytheshadowisthis:ifonetakesitallpersonally,onefallsintotheabyssbecausetheshadowhasanarchetypaldimensiontoit,andifyouhavetotakecompleteresponsibilityfortheshadow,thatamountstoatotaldemoralization.Facedwiththeoverwhelmingforceofthearchetypalshadow,andunderstandingitasyourcompleteresponsibility,youhavenoalternativebuttocommitsuicide.

NowthesepassagesbringupafundamentalquestionthatIwantyoutoreflecton:Indealingwithpsychicproblemsinourselvesandinourpatients,whenisitpropertouseapersonalisticapproachandwhenisitpropertouseanarchetypalapproach?Inotherwords,whenistheJobarchetypetrulyconstellatedandwhencanthatsymbolismbeproperlyapplied?

That'saquestionI'dlikeyoutoreflectonandperhapssomeofyouwillhavesomecommentsandremarks,perhapsinthediscussionorinthefuture.Becauseit'sbasictoourclinicalworkandtoourownpersonalanalysis.


3Paragraphs560576Justasinadreamseriesonepaysparticularattentiontotheinitialdream,inanimportantbookonepaysparticularattentiontothefirstsentence.Previouslywediscussedthetitle,thePrefatoryNoteandtheLectoriBenevolo(TotheKindReader),buttodaywebeginourdiscussionofAnswertoJobproper.

TheinitialsentenceofAnswertoJobisthefollowing:

TheBookofJobisalandmarkinthelonghistoricaldevelopmentofadivinedrama.(par.560)

AsIreadthatsentenceIaskmyself,''Whatdoeshemean,'divinedrama.'What'sthat?"

Ithinktheterm"divinedrama"referstotheprogressive,dramaticevolutionandunfoldingoftheobjectivepsycheinthecourseofemerginglife,andinthecourseofhumanhistory.Actuallythissentencecouldverywellbetranslatedalittledifferently.Translatedas"historicaldevelopment"isthewordEntwicklungswege,whichIthinkmoreliterallymightmean"processofevolution"or"pathofevolution.''Entwicklungisthewordusedforbiologicalevolution,soithasabiologicalconnotationinadditiontoahistoricalconnotation.Whenwestarttoreflectonwhat'simpliedbythisterm,wehavetolookoverthewholecourseofbiologicalevolution,asweunderstandit.

Outofinorganicmattercomplexmoleculessomehoworothercametogetheranddevelopedthecapacitytoreplicatethemselves.Thentheyverygraduallyincreasedintheircomplexityuntillifeformsaroseandawholeprocessofincreasingcomplexityunfoldeduntilthe

incrediblyrichpanoramaofvegetable/animallifeasweknowitcameintobeing.

Somewhereinthecourseofthatprocesscamethemomentouseventwhenconsciousnesswasborninourhominidancestors.AndthenverygraduallywhatwecalltheGod-imagestartedtoemergeinadefiniteform,indefiniteimages.Itstartedwithprimitiveanimism,

andthenunderwentprogressivedifferentiation:fromanimaldeitiestomatriarchalearthgoddesses,totheskygodsofMesopotamiaandAncientGreece,andfinallytothemonotheismofYahwehworship.Soaswelookatthatwholepanoramaweseeavastevolutionaryunfoldingofthedivinedrama"divine"inthesensethatitpertainstothetranspersonalpsychetheobjectivepsyche.Thisideaofadivinedramaistotallymissingfromthescientificworld-view,whichisthepredominantworld-viewtoday.It'sheretical,accordingtothescientificworld-view,toconsiderthepossibilityofpurposefulnessintheevolutionarysequence.Thatsortofthinkingisnotpermitted.Ifyousubmitapapertoascientificjournalthatcontainsthathypothesisitwon'tgetpublished.

Theorthodoxyisthatthishasalltakenplacebychance,byrandomcomingstogether,eventhoughitpatentlydefiescommonsensetoimaginethatchancephenomenacanbuildupsystemsofgreaterandgreatercomplexity.Itviolatesthelawofentropy,accordingtowhichrandomeventslevelout,ratherthanincreaseincomplexity.Nevertheless,that'stheorthodoxyofthescientificworld-view.

Opposedtothatwehavearivalorthodoxy:theanachronisticorthodoxyofwhat'scalledthecreationists.ThisorthodoxyassumesthatthestoryofGenesisisaliteralfact,andittherebyprovidestheverythingthatthescientificviewlacks:anawarenessofthedivinedrama.Thetroubleis,it'scouchedinliteral,concretistictermsthatdonotfitthemodernmentality.

SothosearethetwopartiescontestingthismatterthatJungreferredtoinhisPrefatoryNotewhenhespokeaboutbeingtornapartbythetwopartiesthatcontestthismatter.Thosearetherepresentativesofthetwoparties.

Athirdview,whichisbasedonanawarenessoftherealityofthepsyche,allowsthedivinedramatoreenterhumanawarenessona

level,andwithsufficientunderstanding,todojusticetobothsidestothecorevaluesofbothsides.

JungreferstothisdivinedramainawonderfullettertoElinedKotschnigwhichIcommendtoyou.Iwillreadyouaparticularpassageinwhichhereferstothedivinedrama.JungisaddressingthequestionofGod'srelationshiptotheworldhehascreated:

Whenweconsiderthedataofpaleontologywiththeviewthatacon-

sciouscreatorhasperhapsspentmorethanathousandmillionyears,andhasmade,asitseemstous,noendofdetourstoproduceconsciousness,weinevitablycometotheconclusionthatifwewanttoexplainHisdoingsatallHisbehaviourisstrikinglysimilartoabeingwithanatleastverylimitedconsciousness.Althoughawareofthethingsthatareandthenextstepstotake,Hehasapparentlyneitherforesightofanulteriorgoalnoranyknowledgeofadirectwaytoreachit.Thusitwouldnotbeanabsoluteunconsciousnessbutaratherdimconsciousness.Suchaconsciousnesswouldnecessarilyproduceanyamountoferrorsandimpasseswiththemostcruelconsequences,disease,mutilation,andhorriblefights,i.e.,justthethingthathashappenedandisstillhappeningthroughoutallrealmsoflife.34

There'salittleglimpseofJung'soverallviewofthedivinedramaasitmanifestsinevolutionandhistory.IhaveafantasyonthesubjectmyselfthatI'llreadtoyou.

Supposetheuniverseconsistsofanomniscientmindcontainingtotalandabsoluteknowledge.Butitisasleep.Slowlyitstirs,stretchesandstartstoawaken.Itbeginstoaskquestions.WhatamI?butnoanswercomes.Thenitthinks,Ishallconsultmyfantasy,Ishalldoactiveimagination.Withthat,galaxiesandsolarsystemsspringintobeing.Thenthefantasyfocusesonearth.Itbecomesautonomous,andlifeappears.NowtheDivinemindwantsdialogueandmanemergestoanswerthatneed.ThedeityisstrainingforSelf-knowledge,andthenoblestrepresentativesofmankindhavetheburdenofthatdivineurgencyimposedonthem.Manyarebrokenbytheweight.Afewsurviveandincorporatethefruitsoftheirdivineencounterinmightyworksofreligionandartandhumanknowledge.Thesethengeneratenewagesandcivilizationsinthehistoryofmankind.Slowly,asthisprocessunfolds,GodbeginstolearnwhoHeis.35

That'smyimageofthedivinedrama.Youmightreflectonthetermandseewhatyourimageisofthatprocess.

TheseconditemIwilldiscusscomesfromparagraph561whereJungsays:

34Ibid.,p.312.35Edinger,TheCreationofConsciousness,p.56.

Ishallnotgiveacoolandcarefullyconsideredexegesisthattriestobefairtoeverydetail,butapurelysubjectivereaction.InthiswayIhopetoactasavoiceformanywhofeelthesamewayasIdo....EvenifweknowbyhearsayaboutthesufferinganddiscordintheDeity,theyaresounconscious,andhencesoineffectualmorally,theyarousenohumansympathyorunderstanding.Instead,theygiverisetoanequallyill-consideredoutburstofaffect,andasmoulderingresentmentthatmaybecomparedtoaslowlyhealingwound.Andjustasthereisasecrettiebetweenthewoundandtheweapon,sotheaffectcorrespondstotheviolenceofthedeedthatcausedit.

"Theaffectcorrespondstotheviolenceofthedeedthatcausedit."ThismeansthatouraffectsaretheinnermanifestionsofYahweh.Yahwehistheperpetratorofthedeedthatcausedit,sotheaffectanditscausecorrespondtoeachother.OuraffectsaretheinnermanifestationsofYahweh.Thisisacrucialunderstanding.Ifyoudon'tgetthisyouwillnotunderstandAnswertoJob.Youwon'tbeabletoapplyitinanypersonalorpracticalorgenuineway.Itwilljustremainanabstraction.

Butthisisverydifficulttograsp,becauseweidentifywithouraffects.Weevencallthemours"myaffect,""myanger,""mylove.''Itwouldbemoreaccuratetoleaveoutthepersonalpossessivepronoun.Wetendtoidentifywithouraffectsandsolongaswedothatwecannotseethemobjectivelyasobjects.IfIfallintoarageorapassionofanykind,inthetermsofthisbookthatwearestudying,thosephenomenaaremanifestationsofYahweh.Thatwon'tbehardforyoutoacceptonceyouacceptoneotherequation,namelyYahwehequalstheunconscious.Itwon'tbehardforyoutoacceptthataffectsareproductsoftheunconscious.Wedon'tgeneratethemtheyhappentous.Yahweh=theunconscious.ForthepurposeofAnswertoJob,that'stheequationtokeepinmind.

Thethirditemconcernsparagraph562,whichisacrucialparagraph

andI'mgoingtoquoteittoyouinitsentirely.Thefirstsentenceneedstobechangedbecauseit'snottranslatedquiteaccurately.YoumaythinkI'mnitpicking,butthestatementsareofsuchimportanceIthinktheyshouldbepreciselythewayJungputthem.Thefirstsentenceshouldreadasfollows:

TheBookofJobservesasaparadigmforacertainexperienceofGodwhichhasaveryspecialsignificanceforourtime.

Jungcontinues:

Theseexperiencescomeuponmanfrominsideaswellasfromoutside,anditisuselesstointerpretthemrationalisticallyandthusweakenthembyapotropaicmeans.Itisfarbettertoadmittheaffectandsubmittoitsviolencethantotrytoescapeitbyallsortsofintellectualtricksorbyemotionalvalue-judgments.Although,bygivingwaytotheaffect,oneimitatesallthebadqualitiesoftheoutrageousactthatprovokeditandthusmakesoneselfguiltyofthesamefault,thatispreciselythepointofthewholeproceeding:theviolenceismeanttopenetratetoman'svitals,andhetosuccumbtoitsaction.Hemustbeaffectedbyit,otherwiseitsfulleffectwillnotreachhim.Butheshouldknow,orlearntoknow,whathasaffectedhim,forinthiswayhetransformstheblindnessoftheviolenceontheonehandandoftheaffectontheotherintoknowledge.

Idrawyourattentionagaintothatfirstsentence:

TheBookofJobservesasaparadigmforacertainexperienceofGodwhichhasaveryspecialsignificanceforourtime.

Aparadigmmeansamodeltobeusedforguidanceorimitation.He'stellingusthenthatJobandhissufferingisaguidingmodelforthesufferingsofthemodernego.Here'sthemodelfortheprocessofmakingsufferingmeaningful.IthinkonecansaythateveryanalysisthatgoesatalldeeptakesonthequalityoftheJobexperience.That'swhyIthinkofmylittlebookonBlake'sIllustrationsoftheBookofJob36asakindofportableanalytichour.Itappliestoeverylifeproblemthatoneencounters,ifonegoesdeeplyenoughtothecoreofit.

AndI'dalsodrawyourattentionespeciallytothelastsentenceoftheparagraph:

Heshouldknow,orlearntoknowwhathasaffectedhim,forinthiswayhetransformstheblindnessoftheviolenceontheonehandandoftheaffectontheotherintoknowledge.

ThismeansthatbothYahwehandtheaffect-ladenegoaretransformedbytheconsciousencounterbetweenthem,andbytheperse-

36EncounterwiththeSelf:AJungianCommentaryonWilliamBlake'sIllustrationsoftheBookofJob.

veringefforttoextractmeaningfromtheexperience.AndtotheextentthatanindividualfindsthetranspersonalmeaninginthepainfulexperienceoftheunconscioustothatextentheiscontributingtothetransformationoftheGod-image.

Thefourthitemcomesfromparagraph567,whereJungsays:

ThisisperhapsthegreatestthingaboutJob,that,facedwiththisdifficulty[theawarenessthatYahwehcanbeunjust],hedoesnotdoubttheunityofGod.HeclearlyseesthatGodisatoddswithhimselfsototallyatoddsthathe,Job,isquitecertainoffindinginGodahelperandan"advocate"againstGod.AscertainasheisoftheevilinYahweh,heisequallycertainofthegood....He[Yahweh]isbothapersecutorandahelperinone,andtheoneaspectisasrealastheother.Yahwehisnotsplit,butisanantinomyatotalityofinneroppositesandthisistheindispensableconditionforhistremendousdynamism....Notwithstandinghiswrath,Yahwehisalsoman'sadvocateagainsthimselfwhenmanputsforthhiscomplaint.

WhilekeepinginmindourequationYahweh=theunconscious,thesestatementsaboutYahwehmaybeappliedtothenatureoftheunconscious.Theyareadescriptionoftheunconscious,whichcancauseterriblesufferingaccidentsandcripplingsymptomsofallkinds.Weallknowthat,it'sourworktodealwiththosethings.Andatthesametimetheunconsciousisthesourceoftranspersonalwisdom,supportandguidance.It'sthepathwaytoourbeing,toourwholeness.

Asweknow,theego'sattitudetowardtheunconsciouslargelydeterminesthefacethattheunconsciouswillshowtotheego,butoneusuallylearnsthatonlyafterbeingbuffetedaboutquiteabitbythisunconsciouswhichisanantinomy.

Thefifthitemcomesfromparagraph568.JungspeaksofYahweh's"incalculablemoodsanddevastatingattacksofwrath."Hecontinues,

Hehadadistinctpersonality,whichdifferedfromthatofamoreorlessarchaickingonlyinscope.

ThistellsusthatYahwehisverymuchlikeanarchaicking,sotheunconsciousisverymuchlikeanarchaicking.Wedon'thavear-

chaickingsaroundanymore,butwehavetheirequivalents.Wehavedictators,wehaveMafiabosses,wehavepettytyrantsofallkindswhoruletheirrealms(whatevertheirrealmsmaybe)inthefashionofarchaickings.Andwedon'thavetolookonlyoutside.Insidewedon'thavetogotoofartodiscoverthearchaickingorqueenwhotakesoverwhenweareidentifiedwiththepowermotive.

Oneofthewaysonecandetermine,onecanstudy,phenomenologically,thenatureoftheunconsciousSelfisbyobservingindividualswhoareidentifiedwiththeunconsciousSelf.ThesearchaickingsamongusareobservablephenomenathatrevealthenatureoftheunconsciousSelftous.

Thesixthitemisalsofromparagraph568,whereJungspeaksaboutthedifferencebetweenYahwehandFatherZeus,whowasdetachedandallowedtheeconomyoftheuniversetorunalongprettymuchonitsown.Hedidn'tdemandmuchofanythingfromhumanbeingsexceptsacrificesbecausehedidn'twantanythingfromthem,hehadnoplansforthem.ButYahwehontheotherhandwasintenselyinterestedinmanbecauseHeneededthem.Sotheyaretotallydifferentpersonalities.

Jungisn'tjustindulginginsomeabstractobservationaboutdifferingmythologicalfigures.Rememberthatheistalkingaboutpsychology,sothatthefigureofZeusandthefigureofYahwehwillhavetheirpsychologicalreferences.ZeusandYahwehwerebothskygods,butYahwehunderwentatransformationandinhistransformationheinsistedonbecomingtheonlygod.Zeuswaspartofapolytheisticarrangementandhewasperfectlyhappywiththat.ButYahwehcouldnottoleratethatsituationasillustratedbyhisveryfirstcommandment,"Youshallhavenogodsexceptme."

ThisisahugetransformationintheGod-imagebetweenthepolytheisticZeusandthemonotheisticYahweh.Itrepresentsthe

differencebetweentheIliadandtheExodus.TheIliadpictureshumanexistenceasabrutal,tragicdramainwhichmankindiscaughtintheconflictbetweendeities.That'sthecauseoftheTrojanWar,becauseifthedeitiesareatwarwitheachotherthenmanhastoactoutthatdivineconflict.It'sanunrelievedtragedy.WhereastheExoduspictureshumanexistenceasaredemptiondramaofcooperationbetweentheoneGodandhisselectedhumanbeingswhoworshiphim.

Thesedistinctionsstillexisttoday.TheHomericpolytheismoftheIliadandthebasicpsychologypicturedbythatworkIthinkthatcorrespondstothepsychologyofourneighborhoodgangs.EverynowandthenagangmemberencountersafundamentalistChristianandisconvertedandleaveshisgangpsychology,heleavestheIliadandgoestotheExodus.HisGod-imageundergoestransformation.That'sanexampleofhowthattransformationoftheGod-imagewhichisenshrinedinourliteraryheritagestilllivesitselfouttoday.

Theseventhitemcomesfromparagraph569,whereJungspeaksaboutthecovenantthatwasdevelopedbetweenYahwehandcertainindividuals,andhowtheEighty-ninthPsalmpicturedthatcovenantasbroken.TheEighty-ninthPsalmfirstquotesYahwehashavingsaidtoDavid:

IhavemadeacovenantwithmyChosen,IhavegivenmyservantDavidmyswornword:Ihavefoundedyourdynastytolastforever,Ihavebuiltyouathronetooutlastalltime.

ThepsalmcontinuesforsomeversestopraiseGodandthenthePsalmistremindsYahwehofhisstatement,

Iwillnotbreakmycovenant,Iwillnotrevokemygivenword;Ihaveswornonmyholiness,onceforall,andcannotturnliartoDavid.

Andyetyouhaverejected,disownedandragedagainstyouranointed;Youhaverepudiatedthecovenantwithyourservantandflunghiscrowndishonoredtotheground.

Youhavepiercedallhisdefensesandlaidhisfortsinruins.37

ThisisthesamepsalmthatacertaingreatRabbiofSpainwassaidtohavebeenunabletoreadbecauseitsaddenedhimsomuch.38

CommentatorsgenerallyconnecttheEighty-ninthPsalmwiththe

37JerusalemBible.38SeeAion,CW9ii,par.169.

destructionofIsraelin587B.C.andtheBabylonianExile.ThatiswhatthepsalmistisreferringtowhenheaccusesYahwehofbreakingthecovenantwithDavid.ThatwasthesupremecatastropheforancientIsrael.ThedestructionofJerusalemandthesubsequentBabyloniancaptivityseemedtocontradictallofYahweh'spromises.

Individualsencountersimilareventsintheirliveswhentheyfeelthateverythingtheyhavehadfaithinhasbeenthrownintoquestion.Whathappensinsuchacaseisthattheindividualsintheiranguishandinabilitytoacceptthecatastropheaskagainandagainthequestion,"Whydidthishappentome?WhydidGodpermitthisterriblethingtohappen?"thisaccident,thisillness,thislossofalovedonethiscatastrophe,whateveritis.

Therearefivepossibleanswerstothatquestion.Oneofthemis"Godhaspunishedmeformysins."Ifyouareawareofyoursinsandaccepttheeventaspunishment,thenthatsatisfiesyou,that'syourmeaning.That'sthe"Jeremiahreaction."That'swhatJeremiahtoldIsrael:thereasonthishappenedtoyouisthatyou'rebeingpunishedforyoursins.

Anotherpossiblereactionisthat"I'mthevictimofSatan,theEvilone,whoisresponsible."That'sthedualisticorManicheanreaction,itseestheworldasengagedinaconflictbetweentwodifferentdeities:theGoodandtheEvil.

Thethirdpossibilityisthat"ThiscatastropheisactuallygoodformeinsomehigherwayIcan'tunderstand."IcallthattheApostlePaulreaction.Hesaid,"AllthingsworktogetherforgoodtothemthatloveGod"39ifyoucanseefarenough.Itusuallytakessomefaithtoassumethatone.

Thefourthpossibilityisthatthesufferingiscausedbychance,becausethereisnotranspersonalagencyinhumanaffairs."God

doesn'texist,orifhedoesexisthedoesn'tconcernhimselfwithman."That'sthesecularreaction.Itdoesn'toffermuchcomfortbutifyoubelieveityoucanhardenyourselfandadoptastoicattitude.

ThefifthpossibilityistheoneJunghasdiscovered,namely,"Godisanantinomywhoisn'tquiteconsciousofwhatheisdoing."That'stheJobreaction,Jobwhoknowsthathisredeemerlivesand

39Rom.8:28,AuthorizedVersion.

whosaystoGod,"Thoughyoukillme,yetwillItrustinyou."40JobalsorealizesthatbyhavingthatawarenessaboutGodheiscontributingtoGod'stransformation.

That'stheJobreactionandit'sonethatneverexistedbeforeinhumanthoughtuntilJunginterpreteditinthatway.

40Job.13:15,AuthorizedVersion(paraphrase).

4Paragraphs577608Firstwehaveanitemleftoverfromlasttime.

Inparagraph574Jungsays:

Thecharacterthusrevealedfitsapersonalitywhocanonlyconvincehimselfthatheexiststhroughhisrelationtoanobject.Suchdependenceontheobjectisabsolutewhenthesubjectistotallylackinginself-reflectionandthereforehasnoinsightintohimself.Itisasifheexistedonlybyreasonofthefactthathehasanobjectwhichassureshimthatheisreallythere.

Andthenonintothenextparagraphwherehemakesthefollowingremarks:

Existenceisonlyrealwhenitisconscioustosomebody.ThatiswhytheCreatorneedsconsciousmaneventhough,fromsheerunconsciousness,hewouldliketopreventhimfrombecomingconscious.AndthatisalsowhyYahwehneedstheacclamationofasmallgroupofpeople.Onecanimaginewhatwouldhappenifthisassemblysuddenlydecidedtostoptheapplause:therewouldbeastateofhighexcitation,withoutburstsofblinddestructiverage,thenawithdrawalintohellishlonelinessandthetortureofnon-existence,followedbyagradualreawakeningofanunutterablelongingforsomethingwhichwouldmakehimconsciousofhimself.

Thisisamagnificentdescriptionofabasicfeatureoftheunconscious,namelyitsneedtobeseen.Thisisthebasicworkofanalysis:topourattentionintotheunconscioussothatitcanbeseen.Andasitisseen,itisappeased.Theoutburstsofblind,destructiverageareassuagedwhenitisseen.Aswasmentionedinthediscussionperiodlasttime,thisdescriptionisverysimilartowhat'sspokenofinclinicaltermsasnarcissism.InTheCreationofConsciousnessIreportadreamthatactuallymakesthatconnectionexplicit.Thisisadreamamanhad

rightafterreadingAnswertoJob:

Iseeahugeape-likemanwithoutaneck.Hishugeheadisattacheddirectlytohisshoulders.Heisnakedandislookinglasciviouslyata

woman.Ifeelthathemustbetrained,soIaskhimtoputonhisclothes.Heexpelsflatusloudlyandleavestheroom.41

Thedreamerassociatedtheape-likemanwiththedescriptionofYahwehinAnswertoJobandalsotoanautisticchildofhisacquaintance.Infantileandchildautismisakindofextremeorpureexampleofthenarcissisticsyndrome.ThedreamhereispickingupandequatingacertainaspectoftheYahwehphenomenonwithautism,whichistotalpreoccupationwithone'sinnercentertheSelf.ThewhirlingmotionthatissocharacteristicofautisticchildrenisexpressiveofthefactthattheyarelivingcompletelywithintheconfinesofidentitywiththeSelf.Sothey'rerevolvingaroundthatinnercenter.InanotherdreamthatIquoteonthesamepage,anape-likefigureisagainassociatedwiththeGod-image.

IfyourecognizethenarcissisticpropensitytobeanindicationthattheYahwehGod-imageisactivated,thenyoupourattentionintothatimagebutatthesametimeyourecognizethatadistinctionshouldbemadebetweentheegoandtheGod-image.Whennarcissism(so-called)isdisentangledfromtheegoittakesonatotallydifferentquality.Ifyouseparateitfromitsidentificationwiththeego,thenthatso-callednarcissismbecomesthedemandoftheGod-imageforattention.Thenitisnolongertheego'sdemandforattention,butratherthedemandoftheSelfforattention,andthatchangesthewholestateofaffairs.

I'mnowturningtotonight'smaterial.Ihaveanumberofitemstorefertonine,ifIgettothemall.Thematerialinthisbookisjustloadedwithprofoundpsychologicalinsightsthatareembeddedinit,providingyoumakethetranslationfromthemythologicalimagerythatJungisusingtothepsychologicalcorrelates.YouthenbegintoappreciatethepowerfulinsightspresentinAnswertoJob.I'mgoingtotrytopointoutafewofthosetoyou.

First,inparagraph577:

ThespecialprovidencewhichsingledouttheJewsfromamongthedivinelystampedportionofhumanityandmadethemthe''chosenpeople"hadburdenedthemfromthestartwithaheavyobligation.

41TheCreationofConsciousness,p.76.

ThisisthethemeoftheChosenOne.ItisreallyacentralthemeofindividuationandIdrawyourattentiontoafineessayonthesubjectbyRivkahKlugerinherbookPsycheandBible.It'sanessayonthechosenpeople.Iwouldliketotakealotofquotesfromthisbecauseshehassomemarvelousinsights.Letmementionacoupletogiveyoutheflavorofit.Ihopeyouwillthenlookitupforyourselfandreaditatyourleisure.

BecauseYahwehishimselfholy,singledoutfromalltheothergods,thepeople,correspondingly,mustbeholy.TheGodYahweh,growntogetherasitwereoutofmanypolytheisticgod-figuresintooneGod-personalityandhavingtherebybecomedistinct,choosesforhimselfapeopleequallydistinctashisvis-á-vis.Projectedontoapeopleasacollectiveindividualweseeherethebirthoftheideaoftheindividual,thatis,onewhostepsoutoftheanonymityofthecycleofnatureintoapersonal,uniquefate.42

Oneotherone:

Returningtoourinitialquestion,whyGodchoseonesinglepeople,weseefromtheinnerdynamicsofthetotalelectioneventthatithadtobesomepeople....ThatitwasIsraelmayberelatedtoitsdifficultsituation,whichpreparedittofollowaninnerway.Itwasapoorpeasantpeople,eternallyoppressedbythesurroundinggreatkingdoms,EgyptandBabylon.Itcouldmakeroomforitselfonlyinwardly,andwastherebypeculiarlysuitedtotakeuponitselfthemiseryanddignity,thecurseandblessing,ofGod'selection.[Andhere'squiteaninsightfulremark:]Itwas,sotospeak,God'seasiestprey.43

NowtheseremarksareallprofoundlyrelevanttotheexperienceoftheegoasitencounterstheSelfandbecomesawarethatitistheoneuniquelychosentoincarnatetheSelf.Tobechosenisoftenexperiencedashavingbeentheeasiestpreyasbeingtheoutcomeofastateofmisery.Beingchosendoesn'tcomeoutofastateoffullness,itcomesoutofastateofemptiness.

Item2,par.579:

Yahwehabandonshisfaithfulservanttotheevilspiritandletshim

42PsycheandBible,p.25.43Ibid.,p.41.

fallwithoutcompunctionorpityintotheabyssofphysicalandmoralsuffering.FromthehumanpointofviewYahweh'sbehaviourissorevoltingthatonehastoaskoneselfwhetherthereisnotadeepermotivehiddenbehindit.HasYahwehsomesecretresistanceagainstJob?...ButwhatdoesmanpossessthatGoddoesnothave?Becauseofhislittleness,puniness,anddefencelessnessagainsttheAlmighty,hepossesses,aswehavealreadysuggested,asomewhatkeenerconsciousnessbasedonself-reflection:hemust,inordertosurvive,alwaysbemindfulofhisimpotence.Godhasnoneedofthiscircumspection,fornowheredoeshecomeupagainstaninsuperableobstaclethatwouldforcehimtohesitateandhencemakehimreflectonhimself.

Nowhere'sanothercrucialinsightaboutthenatureofpsychology.Whatheistellingusisthattheexperienceofweaknessordefeatisasinequanonforconsciousness.Youcannotbeaconsciousbeingunlessyoucanexperienceweaknessanddefeat.ItalkaboutthatwholematterinEgoandArchetype,whereIusedadiagramtoillustratethepsychiclifecycle(seenextpage).44

Whatitpicturesisthewayconsciousnessisprogressivelydevelopedoutoftheoriginalconditionofego/Selfidentity.Theoriginalconditionisinflation.TheinfantilepsycheisinastateofidentificationwiththeSelfanditisinastateofinflation.ItisidentifiedwiththeDeity.Veryprogressively,iflifeprovidestherightlessonsthroughrejectionsanddefeatsandexperiencesofweakness,itgraduallybecomesconscious.Andyougothroughthatcycleagainandagainandeachtimeitgoesaroundthere'salittleincreaseinconsciousness.

Thepsychologyofthespoiledchildshort-circuitsthiscycle.Thechild'sego/Selfidentitygoesuncorrected.Itactsouttheinflationandinsteadofbeingpunishedordefeated,itisallowedtogetawaywithitsothatthecycledoesnotcompleteitself.

Thiscyclepicturesthetransformationsthattakeplaceasego/Self

identityissubjectedtorecurrentexperiencesofdefeat,failureandweakness.ThatcompositeentityofegoandSelfundergoestransformation.Thismeansthatasconsciousnessgrows,boththeego

44EgoandArchetype:IndividuationandtheReligiousFunctionofthePsyche,p.41.

ThePsychicLifeCycle

andtheSelfundergotransformation.IntermsofJobandYahwehitwouldmeanthatasJob'sconsciousnessofYahweh'snaturegrows,Yahwehistransformed.

Itisarealdisadvantagetobeomnipotent,tobeimmortal.Infact,asfarasIcantell,consciousnesscanonlydevelopinmortalcreatures.Idon'tbelieveit'spossibleforconsciousnesstodevelopinimmortalcreatures,iftherebesuchathing.Inotherwords,thearchetypesthemselvescannotevolveintofullconsciousnesswithoutbeingroutedthroughamortalegotobringthatconsciousnessintorealization.ThatiswhatJungissayinghere,ineffect,whenhesaysthatJobpossessessomethingGoddoesnothave.

Item3comesfromparagraph583:

WhyJob'stormentsandthedivinewagershouldsuddenlycometoanendisnotquiteclear.SolongasJobdoesnotactuallydie,thepointlesssufferingcouldbecontinuedindefinitely.Wemust,howeverkeepaneyeonthebackgroundofalltheseevents:itisjustpossiblethatsomethinginthisbackgroundwillgraduallybegintotakeshapeasacompensationforJob'sundeservedsuffering.

Thekeywordhereiscompensation.YouhaveheardthattermbeforeI'msure''compensatoryfunctionoftheunconscious,"forexample.WhatJungisalludingtohereistheprofoundpsychologicallawthatwhentheegobecomestooone-sided,weightedtoomuchinonedirection,theunconsciouspsychethenconstellatesthecontraryintheunconscioustobalancetheone-sidedness.SoherethatprocessofcompensationisoccurringwithintheGod-image,theYahwehfigurehimself.

ItisjustpossiblethatsomethinginthisbackgroundwillgraduallybegintotakeshapeascompensationforJob'sundeservedsuffering.

Whatthatmeansisthatinjustice,especiallyifitisconsciouslyperceived,constellatesitscorrectionintheotherintheunconsciousor

intheoutsideworld.Inotherwords,injusticeconsciouslyperceivedandborneconstellatesjustice.Thisisreallyquiteafundamentalpsychologicallaw.

IwouldliketodrawyourattentiontoawonderfulessayonthissubjectbyEmerson.It'sentitled"Compensation."Hehadawonderfulintuitiveperceptionofhowthecompensatoryprocessoperatesin

thecollectivepsyche.Togiveyouatasteofit:

Thusistheuniversealive.Allthingsaremoral....Justiceisnotpostponed.Aperfectequityadjustsitsbalanceinallpartsoflife....Takewhatfigureyouwill,itsexactvalue,normore,norless,stillreturnstoyou.Everysecretistold,everycrimeispunished,everyvirtuerewarded,everywrongredressed,insilenceandcertainty.Whatwecallretributionistheuniversalnecessitybywhichthewholeappearswhereverapartappears.45

That'saninsightwhichisnotvisibleifyoulookatthewaytheworldfunctionsonthesurface.Butifyouperceivehowitfunctionsfromtheinside,it'saprofoundtruth.

Allthingsaredouble,oneagainstanotherTitfortat;aneyeforaneye;atoothforatooth;bloodforblood;measureformeasure;...Giveanditshallbegivenyou....Cursesalwaysrecoilontheheadofhimwhoimprecatesthem.46

Sohereachestheconclusionthen:

Awisemanwill...knowthatitisthepartofprudencetofaceeveryclaimantandpayeveryjustdemandonyourtime,yourtalents,oryourheart.Alwayspay.47

Theideaisthatsincethecompensatorybalanceexists,ifyoudon'tpayvoluntarily,itwillbeextractedfromyouinvoluntarilyanditisreallymuchmoreagreeabletodoitvoluntarily.

Thebenefitwereceivemustberenderedagain,lineforline,deedfordeed,centforcent,tosomebody.Bewareoftoomuchgoodstayinginyourhand.Itwillfastcorruptandbreedworms.Payitawayquickly.48

That'stheideaofcompensation,andhoweveryextremeorone-sidedstateofaffairsrightsitselfthroughtheactionoftheunconscious.

Item4comesfromparagraph584.Jungsays:

45Essays,p.99.46Ibid.,p.106.47Ibid.,p.109.48Ibid.,pp.109110.

JobrealizesGod'sinnerantinomy,andinlightofthisrealizationhisknowledgeattainsadivinenuminosity.

Whatdoeshemean,"hisknowledgeattainsadivinenuminosity"?Iwouldsuggestthatwhatheisreferringtohereisactuallyanexperienceoftheconiunctio.IfJob'sknowledge,hisconsciousness,attainsadivinenuminosity,thatmeanshe'sbecomeapartnerinYahweh'sdivinity.Therealizationthatisbeingexpressedhereisthatoftheego/Selfpartnershiptheirpartnershipincreatingconsciousness.ItisthatrealizationwhichconveysmeaningtoJob'sexperienceandamountstoanexperienceofjustification.Heisjustified,throughhisawarenessthathisexperienceispartoftheego/Selfpartnershipwhichprovideshimwitharoleinthedivinedrama.Thedivinedrama,youremember,wasthetermthatappearedinthefirstsentenceofthebook.

Item5,paragraph587:

[Yahweh]payssolittleattentiontoJob'srealsituationthatonesuspectshimofhavinganulteriormotivewhichismoreimportanttohim.

Andthencomesthecrucialsentence:

JobisnomorethantheoutwardoccasionforaninwardprocessofdialecticinGod.

Nowhereisanotherveryprofoundidea.Letmerestateitinpsychologicalterms:TheegoistheoutwardoccasionforaninwardprocessofdialecticintheSelf.

Sohereagainwehavetherealizationofapartnership.Onceagainsucharealizationcommunicatesasenseofmeaningfulness,becausethepainfulexperiencethatoneisgoingthroughispurposeful.Itispartofalargertranspersonalprocess.Itispartofthedivinedrama,theprocessofinnerdialecticinGodwhichrequiresanegoforthatprocesstoproceed.

Item6,paragraph591:

YahwehseessomethinginJobwhichwewouldnotascribetohimbuttoGod,thatis,anequalpowerwhichcauseshimtobringouthiswholepowerapparatusandparadeitbeforehisopponent.YahwehprojectsontoJobasceptic'sfacewhichishatefultohim

becauseitishisown,andwhichgazesathimwithanuncannyandcriticaleye.Heisafraidofit,foronlyinfaceofsomethingfrighteningdoesoneletoffacannonadeofreferencestoone'spower,cleverness,courage,invincibility,etc.

Andtheninparagraph594Jungadds:

Jobischallengedasthoughhehimselfwereagod.

ThiscontinuestoemphasizethethemeIhavealreadyunderscored:thethemeofego/Selfpartnership.ItseemsthattheegocarriesdivineorGod-likeattributeswhenitisparticipatingintheinnerdialecticoftheGod-image.Itthentakesonacertainnuminosity.Whatthatmeans,ifyouthinkitthrough,isthateverythingthatpertainstotheegotheearthy,theparticular,thedark,everythingwhichestablishestheindividualassomethingdefiniteanduniquealloftheseearthattributesareimbuedwithacertaindivinenuminosity.Youseewhataradicaltransformationofviewpointthatrepresentsascontrastedwiththeearlierone-sidedspiritualviewpoint,whereallthatpertainedtotheearthwasthoughtofasjustsomethingtobepurifiedandremoved.


TheconflictbecomesacuteforYahwehasaresultofanewfactor....somethingthathasneveroccurredbeforeinthehistoryoftheworld,theunheard-offactthat,withoutknowingitorwantingit,amortalmanisraisedbyhismoralbehaviourabovethestarsinheaven,fromwhichpositionofadvantagehecanbeholdthebackofYahweh,theabysmalworldof"shards."

AccordingtotheCabala,theoriginaldivinitywasjustapoint,theso-calledEnSoph.FromitemanatedtheoriginalFirstMan,whothendifferentiatedhimselfintothetensefiroth,theso-calledsefirotictree.AccordingtotheCabalisticsymbolism,intheformationofthesefirotictreetheprimordiallightwaspouredintothevesselsorshellsofthetensefiroth.Thefirstthreeheldthelight,butthelowerseven

couldnotendurethepressureofthelightthatwaspouredintothem,andtheybroke.

Thisiswhat'scalledthebreakingofthevessels.Whatwascreatedthenwerealotofbrokenpieces,theso-calledshards.Theseshards,accordingtotheCabalisticspeculation,thentookonthe

qualityofevil,andbecamethedepthofthegreatabyssinwhichthespiritofevildwells.It'sasymbolicimage,oneofitsfeaturesisthatasthegodheadmanifestsitself,asitemanatesandtriestodifferentiateitself,itsplits.Itundergoesaseparatioprocessandpartofitbreaksupintoanevilworld,theabysmalworldofshards.That'swhatJungreferstointhispassage.

Item8isreferredtoinparagraph600:

Unconsciousnesshasananimalnature....This[animal]symbolismexplainsYahweh'sbehaviour,which,fromthehumanpointofview,issointolerable:itisthebehaviourofanunconsciousbeingwhocannotbejudgedmorally.YahwehisaphenomenonandasJobsays,"notaman."

ThenIdrawyourattentiontotheremarkablefootnote13:

Thenaiveassumptionthatthecreatoroftheworldisaconsciousbeingmustberegardedasadisastrousprejudicewhichlatergaverisetothemostincredibledislocationsoflogic.

Junggoesontosayinthisfootnotethatwhenweunderstandthatwhatwearedealingwithis"divineunconsciousnessandlackofreflection,"thenweareenabledtoform"aconceptionofGodwhichputshisactionsbeyondmoraljudgmentandallowsnoconflicttoarisebetweengoodnessandbeastliness."

WhatJungisdescribinghereisthenatureoftheunconscious.Thisisnotmetaphysicaltheologythatheisindulgingin,itisempiricalpsychology.Jungisdescribingwhatheknowsfromhisownexperience.

Item9comesfromparagraphs605and606.HetellsustherethatJobdidgethissatisfaction:

Nevertheless,Jobgothissatisfaction,withoutYahweh'sintendingitandpossiblywithouthimselfknowingit....Yahweh'sallocutionshavetheunthinkingyetnonethelesstransparentpurposeofshowingJobthebrutal

powerofthedemiurge:"ThisisI,thecreatorofalltheungovernable,ruthlessforcesofNature,whicharenotsubjecttoanyethicallaws.I,too,amanamoralforceofNature,apurelyphenomenalpersonalitythatcannotseeitsownback."

Thisis,oratanyratecouldbe,amoralsatisfactionofthefirstorderforJob,becausethroughthisdeclarationman,inspiteofhis

impotence,issetupasajudgeoverGodhimself.

JungputsthisideaevenmoreclearlyintheformheexpressedittoRivkahKluger,whopasseditontousinherbook,SatanintheOldTestament.Here'swhatshehasJungsayaboutJob'ssatisfaction:

InhisgreatfinalspeechGodrevealshimselftoJobinallhisfrightfulness.ItisasifhesaidtoJob:"Look,that'swhatI'mlike.ThatiswhyItreatedyoulikethis."ThroughthesufferingwhichheinflicteduponJoboutofhisownnatureGodhascometothisself-knowledgeandadmits,asitwere,thisknowledgeofhisfrightfulnesstoJob.AndthatiswhatredeemsthemanJob.ThisisreallythesolutiontotheenigmaofJob,thatisatruejustificationforJob'sfaith,which,withoutthisbackground,would,initscrueltyandinjustice,remainanopenproblem.Jobappearshereclearlyasasacrifice,butalsoasthecarrierofthedivinefate,andthatgivesmeaningtohissufferingandliberationofhissoul.49

Whatmakesthisstatementsorelevantforusinourpsychologicalworkisthatitisasymbolicdescriptionoftheconsciousnessofthetranspersonaldimensionofanordeal,aproblem,oranexperienceofpersonalsuffering.Thisistheconsciousnesswhichredeemsthesuffering,whichredeemsthecomplex.Itisasymbolicdescriptionofthedawningofatranspersonaldimensionofconsciousnessthathasthepowerofredemption.

49SatanintheOldTestament,p.129.

5Paragraphs609624BeforeIbeginthere'sacorrectiontothetextofAnswertoJobthatIwanttopointout.Thefirstsentenceofparagraph616shouldstart,''Notfrommerethoughtlessness..."

IhavesevenitemsIwanttocommentontonight.Thefirstisthemostsubstantial.ItconcernsthefigureofWisdom,towhomJungintroducesushere.Thisisamajorarchetypalimage,soit'ssomethingyoushouldbethoroughlyfamiliarwithinordertorecognizeherwhensheshowsupindreams.Iwanttosummarizebrieflyherhistoricalevolution.

JustaswecanconsiderYahwehtobethemasculinepersonificationofthecollectiveunconscious,sowecanconsiderWisdomtobethefemininepersonificationofthecollectiveunconscious.WheresheappearsmostprominentlyinthetextshecarriesthreechiefnameswhichIhaveplacedontheboard.Iemploytheoriginallanguagesbecausetheunconsciouslovesancientlanguages.Jungwaswellawareofthatfact.That'sonemajorreasonthatyoufindsomuchGreekandLatininJung'swork.Thatwashiswayofconveyingthatfacttous.

SophiaisherGreekform,ChochmaisherHebrewform,andSapientiaDeiisherLatinform.SheshowsupfirstinGreekphilosophywherewemightplacehermoreorlessarbitrarilyatabout600300B.C.SheisreallythecentralimageofGreekphilosophers,sotheyevennamethemselves"LoversofSophia."Theythinkofthemselvesasherlovers,andthatisthewordthenthatpassedonintotheGreekscripturesandintotheGnosticliterature,thetermSophia.

LatersheisdiscussedinProverbswhichJungquotes.Proverbsisacompositecollection.Chapters1to9,inwhichsheisdescribed,couldperhapsbetentativelydatedsomewherearound400B.C.,maybealittleearlier.Let'sexamineherself-description:

I,Wisdom,dwellwithexperienceandjudiciousknowledge.Minearecounselandadvice.Mineisstrength,understanding.Bymekingsreignandlawgiversestablishjustice.Bymeprincesgovernandno-

bles,alltherulersoftheearth.ThosewholovemeIalsolove,andthosewhoseekmefindme.Withmearerichesandhonor.Myfruitisbetterthangold.OnthewayofdutyIwalk,alongthepathsofjustice.TheLordbegotme,thefirst-bornofhisways,theforerunnerofhisprodigiesoflongago.FromofoldIwaspouredforth.WhentherewerenodepthsIwasbroughtforth,whentherewerenofountainsorspringsofwater,beforethemountainsweresettledintoplace.WhenheestablishedtheheavensIwasthere,whenhemadefirmtheskiesabove,whenhefixedfastthefoundationsoftheearth;whenhesetfortheseaitslimitsothatthewatersshouldnottransgresshiscommand;thenIwasbesidehimashiscraftsman.Iwashisdelight,daybyday,playingbeforehimallthewhile,playingonthesurfaceofhisearth;andIfounddelightinthesonsofmen.50

AlongaboutthesametimecomestheSongofSongs,datedsomewherebetween500400B.C.Wisdomisnotspecificallyreferredtothere,buttheShulamiteislateridentifiedwithSophia,soforthatreasontheSongofSongsbecomesamajorWisdomtext.ThewholedramaoftheShulamiteandherlovercorrespondstotheperpetualloveplayofthehierosgamosbetweenYahwehandSophia.

NextintimecomesEcclesiasticus,whichisalsocalledtheWisdomofJesusBenSirach.ThatisoneofthebooksoftheApocrypha.It'sfoundintheGreekHebrewscripturesandthat'soneoftheadvantagesofusingeithertheJerusalemBibleortheNewAmericanBible.BecausetheyareCatholicversionstheyincludetheApocrypha.Ecclesiasticuswecandatetoapproximately200B.C.Wisdomisdiscussedchieflyinchapters1,4and24.Jungquotesonepassagefromchapter24inwhichWisdomassociatesherselfwithatree.AnotherpassageofEcclesiasticusthatIamparticularlyfondofisfoundinchapter4,whereweread:

Wisdominstructsherchildrenandadmonishesthosewhoseekher.Hewholovesherloveslife;

thosewhoseekheroutwinherfavor.Hewhoholdsherfastinheritsglory;whereverhedwells,theLordbestowsblessings.

50Prov.8:1231,NewAmericanBible(condensed).

ThosewhoserveherservetheHolyOne;thosewholovehertheLordloves.Hewhoobeysherjudgesnations;hewhoharkenstoherdwellsinherinnermostchambers.Ifonetrustsherhewillpossessher;hisdescendentstoowillinherither.Shewalkswithhimasastranger,andatfirstsheputshimtothetest;Fearanddreadshebringsuponhimandtrieshimwithherdiscipline;Withherpreceptssheputshimtotheproof,untilhisheartisfullywithher.Thenshecomesbacktobringhimhappinessandrevealhersecretstohim.51

ThenextWisdomtextistheWisdomofSolomon.SometimesitisjustcalledWisdom.ThisisanotherofthebooksoftheApocrypha.Thisonedatesbacktoabout50B.C.

Inherisaspirit,intelligent,holy,unique,manifold,subtle,agile,clear,unstained,certain.Lovingthegood,keen,unhampered,beneficent,kindly,firm,secure,tranquil,all-powerful,all-seeing,andpervadingallspiritsthoughtheybeintelligent,pureandverysubtle.Forwisdomismobilebeyondallmotion,andshepenetratesandpervadesallthingsbyreasonofherpurity.SheisanauraofthemightofGod.Shewhoisonecandoallthingsandrenewseverythingwhileherselfperduring;andpassingintoholysoulsfromagetoagesheproducesfriendsofgodsandprophets.52

NextinthisunfoldingintimecomestheGnosticliteraturewhichwecandateapproximatelyfrom100300A.D.AccordingtothisliteratureSophiaisoneoftheaeonsinthepleroma,whofallsintomatter.Shebecomesenamoredofmatterandsuccumbstoitsembraceandthenhastoberescued.ThelegendoftheGnosticSimonMagusisakindofprototype.AccordingtothatlegendSimonMagusdiscoveredSophiareincarnatedasaversionofHelenofTroyinabrothelinTyre.

Thatishowshehadfallenintomatter.HerescuedherfromthebrothelinTyreandmadeherhispartner.Whatwehave

51Eccles.4:1118,NewAmericanBible.52Wisd.ofSol.7:2227,NewAmericanBible(condensed).

thereisanamalgamofthedivineSophiaontheonehand,andHelenofTroyontheother.Whatthatlegendactuallydoesistounitethetwostrainsofscripture,theGreekandtheHebrew.TheGreekscripture,ofcourse,wastheIliadinwhichHelenofTroywasacentralfigure.

ThenmedievalphilosophypickedupthefigureofwhatitnowcalledSapientiaDei.Shebecameamajorfigurearoundwhichspeculationgathered.ShewasconsideredtobetheeternalformoutofwhichGodcreatedtheworld.SosheembodiedalltheeternalPlatonicideasoutofwhichtheworldwascreated.

ThenfinallycomesSophiaorSapientiaassheappearedinalchemy.YoumayrememberfromtheMysteriumclass53thatwehadatextinvolvingtheShulamite,"darkbutcomely,"andshewasaskingtoberescued.Shewasthepersonificationoftheprimamateria,seekingrescuebythealchemists.That'sanotherversionofSophiacaughtinthedarkembraceofmatter,requiringrescue.TheoutstandingalchemicalexampleofSophiaorSapientiaDeitextistheAuroraConsurgens,whichMarie-LouisevonFranzeditedandtowhichshecontributedacommentary.IconsiderAuroraConsurgensvonFranz'sfinestwork.Letmereadyoujustaparagraphofhercommentary.ThewholealchemicaltextconcernstheSapientiaDeianditsredemption.HereisthewayvonFranzbegins:

ThefirstchapterintroducesamysticalfemalefigurewhoappearsatfirstasthepersonifiedSapientiaDei....Thisfemininedivinehypostasisispaintedonabroadcanvas,andisamplifiedbynumerousBiblicalsayingsandcomparisons.Atfirstit'sthesamepersonificationweseeinProverbs,EcclesiasticusandWisdomofSolomon.InpatristicliteratureshewasmostlyinterpretedasChrist,thepreexistentLogosorasthesumoftheeternalformsofthe"self-knowingprimordialcauses,"exemplarsorprototypesinthemindofGod.Shewasalsoconsideredthearchetypusmundus,"thatarchetypalworld,afterwhoselikenessthissensibleworldwasmade"andthroughwhichGodbecomesconsciousofhimself.

SapentiaDeiisthusthesumofarchetypalimagesinthemindofGod.54

53[Edinger'scourseonJung'sMysteriumConiunctionis(CW14)isavailableonaudiotapefromtheC.G.JungInstituteofLosAngeles.Ed.]54AuroraConsurgens,pp.155f(modifiedslightly).

That'sabriefsummaryofhowSophiahasappearedinthecollectiveWesternpsycheinitstraditionalmaterial.

Item2comesfromparagraph616ofAnswertoJob:

FromtheancientrecordsweknowthatthedivinedramawasenactedbetweenGodandhispeople,whowerebetrothedtohim,themasculinedynamis,likeawoman,andoverwhosefaithfulnesshewatchedjealously.

WehaveheretheimageofYahwehasthehusbandandIsraelasthewife.JobthenbecomestheindividualpersonificationofIsraelandYahwehtreatsJobthewayajealoushusbandtreatsawife,puttinghertothetesttoseeifshereallyisfaithfultohim.Thisbringsupawholeseriesofanalogiesbetweentheimageofthemarriagerelationshipandtheego/Selfrelation.YahwehishusbandandIsraeliswife.Israelisfunctioningthenasakindofcollectiveego,andYahwehrepresentstheSelf.

YoumayrememberfromAionthatJungstatedthattheanimaoranimuscanberealizedonlythrougharelationtoapartneroftheoppositesex,becauseonlyinsucharelationdotheirprojectionsbecomeoperative.ThesameideacanbeappliedtothepsychologyofYahwehasJungtracesit.Hehadaconsort,hisconsortwasSophia,butheforgotaboutherormorepreciselyheneverreallyknewher.Justastheego,inordertobecomeconsciousofthecontrasexualother,mustexperiencearealencounterwiththeoppositesexthrougharelationship,somustYahwehdothesameinordertobecomeconsciousofhisother.BecauseYahwehiseternalandimmortalhisotheristemporalandmortal.Heneedsthatotherinordertobecomeconsciousofhisinnercontrary.

AswereflectontheimplicationsofthisanalogybetweenthemarriagerelationshipandtherelationshipbetweentheegoandtheSelf,wethenrealizethatJung'sfineessay''MarriageAsa

PsychologicalRelationship"55canbetransferredalmostinitsentiretytotheego/Selfrelationship.NearlyeverythinghesaysaboutmarriageasapsychologicalrelationshipappliesalsototherelationbetweentheegoandtheSelf.Jungsaysthatatthebeginningofsucharelationshipthereisahighdegreeofunconsciousidentificationbetweenthepart-

55InTheDevelopmentofPersonality,CW17,pars.324345.

nersandonlyverygraduallydoestherelationshipevolveintoarelationbetweenseparateconsciousindividuals.Hesaysthatseldomorneverdoesamarriagedevelopintoanindividualrelationsmoothlyorwithoutcrisis.Thereisnobirthofconsciousnesswithoutpain.ThoseareJung'swords.

Certainlythesamethingappliestotheego/Selfrelation.OnehastogothroughexperiencesofdivorcesandalienationsandlossesofconnectiontotheGod-imageinorderfortheego'srelationtotheSelftofinallyevolveintosomethingconsciousratherthansomethingunconscious,thatis,astateofego/Selfidentity.

There'sanotherideawhichIthinkisparticularlyproductiveandhelpfulthatJungelaboratesinhisessayonmarriageasapsychologicalrelationship.That'stheideaofthecontainerandthecontained.Hesaysthatineveryrelationshiponeofthepartnerswillbemoreorlesscontainedintheother.Letmereadafewremarkshemakesaboutthisphenomenon,becausethisparticularconceptIthinkisanimportanttoolinouranalyticunderstanding:

Theonewhoiscontainedfeelshimselftobelivingentirelywithintheconfinesofhismarriage;hisattitudetothepartnerisundivided....Theunpleasantside...isthedisquietingdependenceuponapersonalitythatcanneverbeseeninitsentirety.56

Thatisfromthepointofviewofthecontainedone.

Thecontainer,ontheotherhand,Jungsays,willmissallthesubtletiesandcomplexitiesthatwouldcorrespondtohisownfacets,andheisbothdisturbingtotheother'ssimplicityandalsoisleftdissatisfiedbecausehiscomplexitycannotbemirroredbythesimplicityofthecontainedone.

Jungcontinues:

Thesimplernatureworksonthemorecomplicatedonelikearoomthat's

toosmall,thatdoesnotallowhimenoughspace.Thecomplicatednature,ontheotherhand,givesthesimpleronetoomanyroomswithtoomuchspace,sothatsheneverknowsexactlywhereshereallybelongs.57

56Ibid.,par.332.57Ibid.,par.333.[R.F.C.Hull,translatoroftheoriginalGerman,writesin

(footnotecontinuedonthenextpage)

ThenJunggoesontosayitusuallyhappensthatsoonerorlatertheonefunctioningasthecontainer,whoisdissatisfied,startslookingaround,looksoutthewindowtoseeifhemightfindsomebodysothathe,too,couldfindsomecontainment.

Thatallappliestotheego/Selfrelation.Theegoofcourseisthesmaller,simpler,containedentity,andtheSelfisthecontainer.Aslongasthatsituationprevails,thenaJobeventwillneverhappenbecausehewillhearkentohiscounselors.Thecounselorsexpressthestateofcontainment,andthatiswhattheyinformedJob:"YouaresmallerthanYahweh,soyouarethecontainedoneacceptthatsituation."ItisbecauseJobdidnotacceptitthattosomeextentheturnedthetablesonYahwehandinonerespect,foramomentatleast,theegobecamethecontainerandtheSelfthecontained.

Item3derivesfromparagraph616,whereJungsaysthatYahweh

projectshisowntendencytounfaithfulnessuponascapegoat.ThereisreasontosuspectthatheisabouttoloosenhismatrimonialtieswithIsraelbuthidesthisintentionfromhimself.

Yahweh,likeajealoushusband,ispreoccupiedwiththepossibilityofhiswife'sinfidelity.ThatstateofaffairsisillustratedveryvividlyinthethirdchapterofJeremiah.ThisisYahwehspeaking:

Ifamansendsawayhiswifeand,afterleavinghim,shemarriesanotherman,doesthefirsthusbandcomebacktoher?Wouldnotthelandbewhollydefiled?Butyouhavesinnedwithmanylovers,andyetyouwouldreturntome!saystheLord.Liftyoureyestotheheights,andseewherehavemennotlainwithyou?BythewaysidesyouwaitedforthemlikeanArabinthedesert.Youdefiledthelandbyyourwickedharlotry.Thereforetheshowerswerewithheld,thespringrainfailed.Butbecauseyouhaveaharlot'sbrowyourefusedtoblush.58

TheLordsaidtomeinthedaysofKingJosiah,"SeenowwhatrebelliousIsraelhasdone.Shehasgoneupeveryhighmountainand

(footnotecontinuedfromthepreviouspage)

afootnotethatforthesakeofclarityheassumedthecontainerandthe"complicatednature"tobethemanandthecontainedthe"simplernature"tobethewoman:"ThisassumptionisdueentirelytotheexigenciesofEnglishgrammar,andisnotimpliedintheGermantext.Needlesstosay,thesituationcouldjustaseasilybereversed.''Ed.]58Jer.3:13,NewAmericanBible.

undereverygreentreeshehasplayedtheharlot.AndIthoughtaftershehaddoneallthisshewillreturntome.Butshedidnotreturn.Then,eventhoughhertraitorsisterJudahsawthatforalltheadulteriesrebelliousIsraelhadcommitted,Iputherawayandgaveherabillofdivorce,neverthelesshertraitorsisterJudahwasnotfrightened;shetoowentoffandplayedtheharlot.Eagertosin,shepollutedtheland,committingadulterywithstoneandwood."59

It'slaidoutveryexplicitly.InourclinicalterminologyYahwehhasaninfedilitycomplex.Weencounterthissituation(itisnotsouncommon)whereahusbandorawifebecomesconvincedthatthespouseisbeingunfaithful.Jungtellsusthereasonforthatinparagraph620:

YahwehhadlostsightofhispleromaticcoexistencewithSophiasincethedaysoftheCreation.Herplacewastakenbythecovenantwiththechosenpeople,whowerethusforcedintothefemininerole.

WhatYahwehisdoingisentertainingtheprospectofbeingunfaithfultoIsraelinordertohavearelationwithSophia.ButfromwhatwassaidearlierwecanconsiderthathisrelationwithIsrael(akindofprojectionofthefeminineconsort)wasanecessarystepinYahweh'sbecomingconsciousofSophia.Justasthehumanmaleegomustintegratetheanimaviaprojection,viaanexperiencewithalivingpartneroftheoppositesex,soYahwehmustalsohavethatexperience,musthavetheexternalloverelationshipwithIsrael,andthenlaterwithdrawtheprojection.Theinfidelitycomplexisakindofunconsciousexpressionofthefactthathe'sgoingtoturnfromaprojectedrelationshiptohisconsorttoaconscious,directrelationshiptoSophiaherself.ThatanticipatedinfidelityisthenprojecteduponIsrael.

Thesamethingappliestotheindividualcaughtintheinfidelitycomplex.Whatiscalledforistherealizationthattheindividualdoesindeedneedtobepartially"unfaithful"totheexternalpartnerinorder

tohavearelationshipwiththeinnerconsorttheanimaoranimus.Andbelieveme,thatisoftenexperiencedbythepartnerasaninfidelity.


59Jer.3:69,NewAmericanBible.

WhoeverknowsGodhasaneffectonhim.

Thissentenceepitomizestheentirebook.Itisthemostimportantsinglesentenceinthebook.AndforthatreasonI'veputitupontheboardinGermantoemphasizeJung'soriginalformulation,"WerGotterkennt,wirktaufihn."

Idon'tthinkwecanoverestimatewhatarevolutionaryandprofoundfactanddiscoveryisexpressedbythissimplesentence.Ithinkthisishowpsychotherapyworks.Astheanalystcomestoknowthenatureoftheunconsciousofthepatient,astheanalystisabletoperceivetheabysmalworldofshardsthatresidesintheunconsciousofthepatient,astheanalystisabletogetbehindit,sotospeaktoseeitthatactofhaving-been-seenhasaneffect.Naturallyitisourtasktocommunicateverballywhatweseetothepatient,butevenintheabsenceofanexplicitcommunicationthehaving-been-seenactsontheunconsciousofthepatient.

Iwon'taskyoutotakethatasdogma,Iaskyoutotakeitasanhypothesisandconsideritinyourworkandseeifitisverified.Ithinkveryoftenitis.Ofcoursenaturallywecan'tverifyitallthetimebecausesometimesthemillsofGodgrindratherslowly.Butit'saveryimportantprincipleofdevelopingconsciousness.AlsoIthinkthisinsightisofsuchfundamentalimportancetothecollectivethatthissinglesentenceisenoughtocreateawholenewaeontheJungianaeon.


IftheoriginalfatherAdamisacopyoftheCreator,hissonCainiscertainlyacopyofGod'ssonSatan,andthisgivesusgoodreasonforsupposingthatGod'sfavourite,Abel,mustalsohavehiscorrespondenceina"supracelestialplace."

TheideahereisthatAdam,asaprototypeoftheego,ismadein

God'simageandthereforeifAdamhadtwosonsthatmeans(ifhe'sfollowingthedivinepattern)thatYahwehalsohadtwosons.ItisJung'spointthatonlyonesonbecamevisibleatfirst,theCainson,namelySatan.ButtheAbelsonisgoingtoshowupshortly,theChristson.

AnotherparallelbetweenYahwehandAdamisthattheybothhadtwowives.Inthesameparagraph,Jungsays:

TheoriginalmanwhowascreatedinthetheimageofGodhad,accordingtotradition,twowives,justlikehisheavenlyprototype.

Yahweh'stwowivesareIsraelandSophia.JustastheSelfhastwowives,theegohastwowives.Ithinkwhatthatreferstoisthis:thetwowivesoftheegoaretheouterpartnerandtheinnerpartner.Weoftenencounterasituationwhereamaniscaughtbetweentwowomen,orawomaniscaughtbetweentwomen.Thereisacertainkindofpsychologythatischronicallygettingintotrianglesofthatsort.Onewaywedescribeitinamanisasasplitanima.Anotherwaytodescribeitisasanexteriorizationofthetwowivesarchetype.Oneofthosetwowivesbelongsinsideandwhenoneisinside,thenoneontheoutsidesuffices.Butwhenapersonisintheprocessofdiscoveringtheinnerone,itveryoftenhappensthatlifegetscomplicatedwithtwoouterwivesbecausetheunconsciousinnerwifeisprojectedoutward.

ThesamethingappliesthentotheSelf.TheSelfhastwowives.TheegoistheouterwifeoftheSelfandtheeternalconsortistheinnerwifeoftheSelf.ThatwouldcorrespondinBiblicalterminologytoIsraelastheouterwifeofYahwehandSophiaastheinnerconsortofYahweh.

6Paragraphs625648TherearetwoitemsleftoverfromlasttimethatIwanttotalkabout.Inparagraph621Jungsays:

AtthebottomofYahweh'smarriagewithIsraelisaperfectionisticintentionwhichexcludesthatkindofrelatednessweknowas"Eros."ThelackofEros,ofrelationshiptovalues,ispainfullyapparentintheBookofJob.

Andthenagain,inparagraph623:

Godwasnowknown,andthisknowledgewentonworkingnotonlyinYahwehbutinmantoo.ThusitwasthemenofthelastfewcenturiesbeforeChristwho,atthegentletouchofthepre-existentSophia,compensateYahwehandhisattitude....[SophiaorWisdom]showsthemthebrightside,thekind,justandamiableaspectoftheirGod.

TheideahereisthatJob'sseeingofYahwehhastheeffectofYahweh'sdiscoveringhismissingEros.Thisisanexampleofthestatementwediscussedlasttime,"WhoeverknowsGodhasaneffectonhim."Job'sknowledgeofGodhastheeffectofmakingGodconsciousoftherelatednessprinciple,becausesomeonefoundhimoutinastateofunrelatednessandperceivedthatcondition.Thatperceptionitselfhadtheeffectofcorrectingthesituation.

Wemustalwaysaskourselves,withthesemythologicalstatementsthatJungmakes,"Whatdoesthismeaninpractical,psychologicalterms?"That'swhatwehavetodealwithinourdailylife.OnethingIthinkitmeansisthatconsciousnessoftheviolent,unrelatedpoweraspectoftheunconscioustransformsit.Ibelievethisprocesstakesplacebothinregardtoone'sself-knowledge,inwhichoneobservestheviolentpoweraspectofone'sownunconscious,andIbelieveit

operatesalsoinrelationtotheknowledgeofothers.

Theanalystobservestheviolentpoweraspectofthepatient'sunconsciousinthesamewayasJobobserveditwithYahweh.Thatveryobservationpromotesatransformationsubtlybutnonetheless

inaveryrealway.Oncetheunconscioushasbeenseenandrecognizedbysomeoneforwhatitis,thateventconstellatesaneedforittochange.

Theseconditemleftoverfromlasttimeisreferredtoinparagraph624,whereJungsays:

ThereappearanceofSophiaintheheavenlyregionspointstoacomingactofcreation.Sheisindeedthe"masterworkman";sherealizesGod'sthoughtsbyclothingtheminmaterialform,whichistheprerogativeofallfemininebeings.HercoexistencewithYahwehsignifiestheperpetualhierosgamosfromwhichworldsarebegottenandborn.Amomentouschangeisimminent:Goddesirestoregeneratehimselfinthemysteryoftheheavenlynuptials.

Thekeyphrasehereis"theperpetualhierosgamosfromwhichworldsarebegottenandborn."Wemustaskourselveswhatdoesthatmean?Whatistheperpetualhierosgamos?Hierosgamosmeanssacredmarriage.Itisanimageofconiunctio.Iunderstand"theperpetualhierosgamos"torefertothebedrockfoundationoftheobjectivepsyche,thecollectiveunconscious.JungtellsusthatJob'sencounterwithYahwehhadtheeffectofconstellatingoractivatingorbringingintovisibilitytheperpetualhierosgamos,whichthenledtothetransformationofYahweh.

IthinksomethinganalogoustookplaceinconnectionwithJung'sexperienceoftheperpetualhierosgamos.HedescribesthatexperienceinMemories,Dreams,Reflections.Ittookplaceduringhisillnessin1944.Letmereadsomeselectedphrases:

Everythingaroundmeseemedenchanted....Imyselfwas,soitseemed,inthePardesRimmonim,thegardenofpomegranates,andtheweddingofTiferethwithMalchuth60wastakingplace.OrelseIwasRabbiSimonbenJochaiwhoseweddingintheafterlifewasbeingcelebrated.ItwasthemysticmarriageasitappearsintheCabbalistictradition.Icannottellyouhowwonderfulitwas....TherefollowedtheMarriageoftheLamb,ina

Jerusalemfestivelybedecked....Thesewereineffablestatesofjoy....thehierosgamoswasbeingcelebrated....All-FatherZeusandHeraconsummatedthemysticmarriage,asitisdescribedintheIliad.61

60Twoofthesefirothofthesefirotictree.Seeabove,p.505.61Memories,Dreams,Reflections,p.294.

ThiswasJung'sexperienceofwhatheherecallstheperpetualhierosgamos.ThefruitthatwasbornoutofJung'sexperiencewas,inquicksuccession,ThePsychologyoftheTransference,Aion,AnswertoJobandMysteriumConiunctionis.Thisfruitisanexampleofthe"worldsthatarebegottenandborn"outofthe"perpetualhierosgamos"referredtoinparagraph624.Overandbeyondthat,it'smyopinionthattheuniversalfruitofJung'sexperienceoftheperpetualhierosgamoswasthebirthofthenewJungianaeon,whichthosefourbooksdescribe.

Nowtotoday'sassignment.

JustasthedecisiontobecomemanapparentlymakesuseoftheancientEgyptianmodel,sowecanexpectthattheprocessitselfwillfollowcertainprefigurations.(par.625)

Asnothingcanhappenwithoutapre-existingpattern,notevencreationexnihilo,whichmustalwaysresorttothetreasure-houseofeternalimagesinthefabulousmindofthe"masterworkman,"thechoiceofamodelforthesonwhoisnowabouttobebegottenliesbetweenAdam...andAbel.(par641)

WhatIwanttocallyourattentiontoistheunqualifiedstatementthat"nothingcanhappenwithoutapre-existingpattern."ItisveryinstructivetoobservehowJungelaborateshisargumentabouttheprocessofGod'sincarnatingasman.HeemphasizesrightatthestartthatevenGodhastohaveapre-existingpattern.ThatshowsyouwhatvitalimportanceJungattachestopsychicpatternsofstructureasthebasicelementalrequirementsforanypsychicoperation.

Thisisaveryimportantprincipletoapplyinthecourseofpracticalanalysis.Aswelistentopatientsandstudytheirunconsciousmaterialwemustalwaysbeonthealertforthebasicpatternsthatarebeingrevealedtous.Thosewouldbetheverythingsthatthepatientmissesentirely.Thepatientisatseainachaosofevents,butifweare

familiarwiththebasicpsychicpatterns,wewillperceivethemandcanpointthemout.Therewillbe,byandlarge,twodifferentlevelsonwhichthesepatternswillbebased.

Firsttherewillbepsychologicalmaterialderivedchieflyfromthepersonallevelfrompersonalchildhoodexperience.Thismaterialwillrevealrepetitionsofthepatternsofexperiencethatwerelaid

downinchildhood:theparticularfamilyconstellationsandtheparticularexperientialconstellationsthatimprintedthemselvesonthechild'spsycheandwillremainthereforalltime.Analysisdoesnoterasethosechildhoodpatterns;themostitcandoistomakethemconscious.

Second,belowthatpersonallevelofpatterningwillbethecollectivelevel,whereweperceivethearchetypalpatterns.Thepersonalpatternsthatwedetectonthebasisofchildhoodexperiencealsowillhavetheirarchetypalprototypes.Whenthetimehascomeforthepatienttoengagethearchetypaldimensionofthelifepatternsheisinvolvedwith,thedreamswillindicatethatfactbytakingonanarchetypalquality.Thatwillthenencourageustoshifttheinterpretationofpatternsfromthepersonaltothearchetypallevel.AsJungtellsushere,Godhimselfisdependentonpre-existingpatternswheneverhewantstocreatesomething.Jungcouldhardlystatemoreemphaticallyhowcruciallyimportantheconsidersthebasictypicalpatternsofthepsychetobe.

InthefollowingparagraphJungtalksaboutthefactthatYahwehisobligedtoincarnate.Theincarnationisonlypartiallyconsummated,however,becausebothmotherandsonarenotcompletelyhumansincetheydon'thavethefullquotaofhumansinfulness.Theninparagraph627hegoesontosay:

Thisarrangement,thoughithadtheeffectofexaltingMary'spersonalityinthemasculinesensebybringingitclosertotheperfectionofChrist,wasatthesametimeinjurioustothefeminineprincipleofimperfectionorcompleteness,sincethiswasreducedbytheperfectionizingtendencytothelittlebitofimperfectionthatstilldistinguishesMaryfromChrist.Phoebopropiorluminaperdit![Phoebus,thesun,destroyslightsneartoit.]Thusthemorethefeminineidealisbentinthedirectionofthemasculine,themorethewomanlosesherpowertocompensatethemasculinestrivingforperfection,andatypicallymasculine,idealstate

ariseswhich,asweshallsee,isthreatenedwithanenantiodromia.Nopathleadsbeyondperfectionintothefuturethereisonlyaturningback,acollapseoftheideal,whichcouldeasilyhavebeenavoidedbypayingattentiontothefeminineidealofcompleteness.

Thiswayofputtingitis,Ithink,aninterestingvariationfromthe

usualdescriptionsofthenatureofthemasculineandfeminineprinciplesithelpsusseethecontrastbetweenthosetwoprinciplesfromaslightlydifferentangle.Themasculinespiritprincipleisstrivingforperfectionandthefemininenatureorrelatednessprincipleisstrivingforcompleteness.Hereagain,Ithinkanawarenessofthisparticularpairofcontrastingentitiesisveryhelpfulintheanalyticprocess.Certainlyinthemodernsituationthetendencytoperfectionhasgottenfarmoreattentionthanthetendencytocompleteness.Weareallveryalerttotheideaofintroducingthecompletenessprincipleasawayofmitigatingaone-sidedemphasisonperfection.

Butatthesametimewemustnotforgetthatweencounterafairnumberofindividualswhoaremorecompletethantheyareperfect.Imeanbythataveryunconsciouscompleteness.Natureiscomplete.She'sallofonepiece,butallofhercontrastsoperatequiteoutsideanyconsciousness.Itisnotuncommonthataninchoate,undifferentiatedpsychologythatcanclaimacertainkindofunconscious,undifferentiatedcompletenessneedstobeconfrontedwiththegoalofperfection.Theseareapairofopposites,eachofwhichhasanequalrighttoexist,andthequestionforthetherapistiswhichwaytoleanwithanyparticularindividualandsetofcircumstances.

Inparagraph629Jungmakesaveryobscureandesotericremark.Listentothiscarefully,becausewhatJungisdoinginthisworkperhapsaboveallothersisspeakingtousfromalevelofconsciousnessofwhichwehavealmostnoawarenessatall.Wereallyhavetostrainourselvestograspwhatitisheistalkingabout.

AlthoughthebirthofChristisaneventthatoccurredbutonceinhistory,ithasalwaysexistedineternity.Forthelaymaninthesematters,[andwhoisn'talayman?]theidentityofanontemporal,eternaleventwithauniquehistoricaloccurrenceissomethingthatisextremelydifficulttoconceive.Hemust,however,accustomhimselftotheideathat''time"isarelativeconceptandneedstobecomplementedbythatofthe"simultaneous"

existence,intheBardoorpleroma,ofallhistoricalprocesses.Whatexistsinthepleromaasaneternalprocessappearsintimeasanaperiodicsequence,thatistosay,itisrepeatedmanytimesinanirregularpattern....Whenthesethingsoccurasmodernvariants,therefore,theyshouldnotberegardedmerelyaspersonalepisodes,moods,orchanceidiosyncrasiesinpeople,butasfragmentsofthepleromaticprocessitself,

which,brokenupintoindividualeventsoccurringintime,isanessentialcomponentoraspectofthedivinedrama.

Nowthat'squiteamouthful.Oneofthekeytermsheuseshereis"pleroma."That'saGnostictermthatreferstotheeternalrealmoutsideofphenomenal,temporalexistence.Itmeansapproximatelythesamethingasthecollectiveunconscious.Ithinkweneedtopracticeacertainkindofvisualizationofthecollectiveunconscious.Becauseitisnottangibleandvisiblemostpeopledonotevenacknowledgeitsexistence.

Wewhoknowthatitexists,byvirtueofourexperienceofit,needtopracticeorexerciseourvisualizationofwhatourexperienceofthecollectiveunconsciousindicatesthatitis.Iwouldsuggestthatwethinkofitasaverysubtlefluidthatpervadeseverything.Itismostconcentratedinhumanbeingsbutitisnotatallconfinedtothem.Weknowthroughourexperienceofsynchronicity62thatitextendsallthewaydowntoinorganicmatter.

Ithinkwehavetohypothesizethatthefluidpervadesallofexistenceasweperceiveit.Itmeans,then,thatthebasicpatternsthatgotomakeupexistencearepervasiveandrepeatthemselvesonalllevels,notonlyonthepsychologicallevelbutalsoonthechemicalandphysicalandastronomicallevels.Onallthoselevelsthesamepatternsrepeatthemselves.Theenergy,thedynamismthatoperatesthroughthatfluid,likewiseextendslikeapervasivenetworkthrougheverything,andthatallgoestomakeupwhat'scalledthepleroma.Butitexistsoutsideoftimeandspace.Thingsgetalittlehardtovisualizewhenyouaddthatproviso,butitisanecessaryprovisobecauseourexperienceteachesusthatthecollectiveunconsciousdoestranscendtimeandspace.Timeandspacearecategoriesoftheegosotheyarenecessaryforegoconsciousnessbuttheydonotapplytotheunconscious.

WhatJungissayingherethenisthatthesearchetypes,theseentiainthepleromaareeternalentitiesthateruptintothetemporalprocess.Theyeruptintoindividualegoconsciousnessbecausethetemporal

62Meaningfulcoincidence,asforinstancebetweenadreamandanouterevent.See"Synchronicity:AnAcausalConnectingPrinciple,"TheStructureandDynamicsofthePsyche,CW8,pars.816968.

processderivesfromegoconsciousness.Onsuchoccasionstheegoiscaughtinapieceofthedivinedramaandlivesitout,moreorlessconsciouslyorunconsciously.

AnotherwayofputtingitisthattheegoisintimeandtheSelfisineternity.TheegoistheagentoftheSelfintime,sotospeak.Whencertainarchetypalentitieseruptintoegoexistence,thenitisthetaskoftheegotoembodythoseentities,incarnatethem,andrealizethemasconsciouslyaspossible.Ifthereislittleconsciousnessattachedtotheevent,thentheegobecomesthetragicvictimofthearchetypethatitisconstellating.Ifthereismoreconsciousnessinvolved,thentheegodoesnothavetobeatragicvictimbecauseitknowswhatishappeningtoit.Itbehavesinamuchdifferentwayandcanmediatethearchetypalpatternmuchdifferently.

Inparagraph634JungsaysthatYahwehmakesthemistakeofnotconsultinghisomniscience.Jungwrites:

WecanonlyexplainthisontheassumptionthatYahwehwassofascinatedbyhissuccessiveactsofcreation,sotakenupwiththem,thatheforgotabouthisomnisciencealtogether.Itisquiteunderstandablethatthemagicalbodyingforthofthemostdiverseobjects...shouldhavecausedGodinfinitedelight....

Andinparagraph635:

TheBookofJobstillringswiththeproudjoyofcreating.

And636:

SoeveninJob'sdayYahwehisstillintoxicatedwiththetremendouspowerandgrandeurofhiscreation.

Speakingofbasicpatterns,hereisonesuchpattern,intoxicationwithcreativity.JungtalksaboutthisfromanotherangleinhisZarathustraseminars.ItisaparticularlyfinepassagethatI'vealreadyquotedinanotherplace,butIwanttorepeatittoyoubecauseitissovery

relevant:

[Thecreativeforces]haveyouonthestring,andyoudancetotheirwhistling,totheirmelody.ButinasmuchasyousaythesecreativeforcesareinNietzscheorinmeoranywhereelse,youcauseaninflation,becausemandoesnotpossesscreativepowers,heispossessedbythem....

Nietzscheofcoursecouldnothelplookingatthethingandthenhewasoverwhelmedwithresentmentsbecausethecreativepowersstealyourtime,sapyourstrength....Therefore,suchpeoplefeelsoterriblycheated;theymindit,andeverybodyoughttokneeldownbeforetheminordertomakeupforthatwhichhasbeenstolenbyGod.Thecreativeforceshavetakenitoutofthem,andthereforetheywouldliketopersonifythem,toimaginethattheyareShiva,inordertohavethedelightofbeingcreative.Butifyouknowyouarecreativeandenjoybeingcreative,youwillbecrucifiedafterwards,becauseanybodyidentifiedwithGodwillbedismembered.Anoldfatherofthechurch...saidthat...[our]creativespiritcanpenetratethedepthsortheheightsoftheuniverselikeGod...butonaccountofthathewillalsohavetoundergothedivinepunishment.ThatwouldbethedismembermentofDionysosorthecrucifixionofChrist.63

Thisiswhathappenstotheindividualwhoidentifieswithcreativity.Itisanintoxicationofdelightwhileatthesametimeitisfollowedbydismemberment.ItisstrikinghowtheseremarksofJung'salsoapplytohisdescriptionofYahweh.HeistellingusthatYahwehisintoxicatedbyhiscreativity,thatheisidentifiedwithit.ButthenwhathappensisthathehastoundergocrucifixionasChrist.ThepatternappliestoYahwehaswellastoman.

Paragraph639:

Therecanbenodoubtthathe[Yahweh]didnotimmediatelybecomeconsciousofthemoraldefeathehadsufferedatJob'shands.Inhisomniscience,ofcourse,thisfacthadbeenknownfromalleternity,anditisnotunthinkablethattheknowledgeofitunconsciouslybroughthimintothepositionofdealingsoharshlywithJobinorderthathehimselfshouldbecomeconsciousofsomethingthroughthisconflict,andthusgainnewinsight.

Hereisanimportantidea,thatwheneveronefindshimselfinastateofconflictwithsomeoneorwithasituation,heshouldentertainthehypothesisthatthepsychehaspropelledhimintothatsituationin

ordertogenerateconsciousness.Thatisanalmostinfalliblelaw.Ifyouentertainthathypothesisyouwillfinditconfirmedalmostevery

63Nietzsche'sZarathustra:NotesoftheSeminarGivenin19341939,vol.1,pp.5758(alsoquotedinEdinger,AnatomyofthePsyche,p.64).

time.Theouterpersonoreventthatoneisinconflictwithisanexteriorizationofaninnerantagonist,andasonepaysattentiontothatpossibilitytheouterconflictresolvesbecauseithasbecomeinternalizedandonehasallhecanhandletakingcareofwhatisgoingoninside.

ThemajorthemeofthisassignmentistheideaofGod'sbecomingman.Inparagraph640,Jungsays:

Yahwehmustbecomemanpreciselybecausehehasdonemanawrong....Becausehiscreaturehassurprisedhimhemustregeneratehimself.

Andinanotherplace,paragraph631:

OneshouldmakecleartooneselfwhatitmeanswhenGodbecomesman.Itmeansnothinglessthanaworld-shakingtransformationofGod.ItmeansmoreorlesswhatCreationmeantinthebeginning,namelyanobjectivationofGod.

Wecangoinalotofdifferentdirectionswiththisveryprofound,many-facetedsymboloftheincarnationofGodorofGod'sbecomingman.OnedirectionIwanttotakewithitisthatIseeitasreferringtothehumanizationoftheunconsciousonalllevels.Theunconsciousisnothuman.Thepersonalunconsciousisinfantile.Thecollectiveunconsciousisanimal,orinorganic,ordivine.

Sowhatdoesitmeanthenforthecollectiveunconscioustobecomeman?Ithinkitmeansapproximatelythesamethingasismeantbythesymbolicimageofthealchemistswhocreatedahomunculusalittlemanintheirretort.TheyturnedtheprimamateriaintoahomunculuswhichwasoneofthesymbolsofthePhilosophers'Stone.Inotherwords,theyturnedbasematterintosomethinghuman,somethingman-like.Itmeanssomethinglikethehumanizationoftheuniverse,orthehumanizationofreality.

RememberthatJungstatesthatJobdiscoveredthatYahwehisa

phenomenonandnotaman.ElsewherehetellsusthatGodisrealityitself(par.631).IfGodhasbecomeman,thenrealityitselfhasbeenhumanized.Itmeansthatrealityitselftakesonahumanface,hasbecomefriendlytomanratherthanbeingthebrute,indifferentnaturethatweperceiveittobe.ThisistheimplicationofthealchemicaltermthatIhaveplacedontheboard,salvatormacrocosmi.Oneofthe

symbolsofthePhilosophers'Stoneisthesalvatormacrocosmi,theSavioroftheUniverse.Thatisthemeaningofthatterm.Anditcontrastswiththeotherterm,salvatormicrocosmiwhichwasappliedtoChrist,whowascalledtheSaviorofMan,thelittleuniverse,themicrocosm.

Christwasunderstoodtheologicallytohavecometosavemanfromtheworld.TheeffectthenofChristiantheologyistopluckmanrightoutoftheworld,asiftosay,''Getoutofthisvaleoftearsasquicklyasyoucanandgetuptoheaven."Thatisthewaymanissaved.Buttheworldisleftbehind,toitsowndevices.ThePhilosophers'Stoneofthealchemists,ontheotherhand,isthesavioroftheworlditisthesavioroftheuniverse.ThismeansessentiallythesamethingasJungistalkingaboutwhenhespeaksoftherequirementforYahwehtobecomemanbecauseJobhasseenhim.

7Paragraphs649661Item1isfoundinparagraph650,whereweread:

[Satan's]comparativeineffectivenesscanbeexplainedontheonehandbythecarefulpreparationsforthedivinebirth,andontheotherhandbyacuriousmetaphysicalphenomenonwhichChristwitnessed:hesawSatanfalllikelightningfromheaven.Inthisvisionametaphysicaleventhasbecometemporal;itindicatesthehistoricandsofarasweknowfinalseparationofYahwehfromhisdarkson.Satanisbanishedfromheaven....Althoughheisbanishedfromtheheavenlycourthehaskepthisdominionoverthesublunaryworld[theearth].Heisnotcastdirectlyintohell,butuponearth.

WhatIamconcernedwithhereistheimageofaspiritualorangelicbeingfallingoutofheavenanddowntoearth.ThisisafundamentalimagethatonefindsscatteredinvariousplacesintheScriptures.Italsooftencomesupindreams.Ithasatwofoldmeaninginaccordancewiththetwofoldnatureoftheimage:(1)Satan'sbanishmentfromheavenand(2)hisfallingtoearth.

Itrefers,asJungsays,toadecisiveseparatiowithintheGodhead.TheYahwisticandtheSatanicaspectsoftheGodheadaresundered.Sataniskickedoutofheaven.Itrepresentsadecisiveseparationoftheopposites:ofgoodfromevilandofheavenfromearth.SoYahwehnowbecomesidentifiedwithheavenandspirit,andSatanbecomesidentifiedwithearthandmatter.Thatisonepsychologicalreference.

Thereareotherexamplesofthisimage.ForinstanceinthetwelfthchapterofRevelation,whichwewillbestudyingsoon,weread:

Woetotheinhabitorsoftheearthandofthesea!forthedeviliscomedownuntoyou,havinggreatwrath,becauseheknoweththathehathbuta

shorttime.64

Thatisaneventthatissupposedtohappenattheendofthe

64Rev.12:12,AuthorizedVersion.

Christianaeon.ThenthereisanotherreferencetothissameimageinthesixthchapterofGenesis:

ThesonsofGodsawthedaughtersofmenthattheywerefair;andtheytookthemwives....ThesonsofGodcameinuntothedaughtersofmen,andtheybarechildrentothem.65

Hereagainwehavetheimageofangelsangelicbeings,calledthesonsofGodwhoareluredtoearthbythedaughtersofmen,andwhoarethencalledthefallenangels.Thosefallenangelsthenteachhumanitytheartsandsciences.WewillbereadingtheBookofEnochnextweekinwhichthereisalengthydescriptionofthiseventhowthefallenangelsteachmantheartsandsciences.

Inadditiontotheseparatiofactor,theothermajormeaningisthatitrepresentscoagulatio.IconsiderthedetailsofthisimageinTheAnatomyofthePsyche.66Theideaofadescentfromoneleveltoanotherbelongstothesymbolsystemofcoagulatio,anotherwordforwhichisincarnation.Whensomethingdescendsfromanupperspiritualleveltoalowerrealm,ittakesonbodyasitdescends.Thatistheprocessofcoagulatio.Itisthedescentofheavenlyspiritualstuffthatfallsintomatter.AGnosticexampleofthisimageisSophia,whooutofdesirousnessfortheimagethatsheseesreflectedinthelowermaterialrealms,fallsintotheembraceofmatterandundergoesincarnation.Thisisanotherimageofcoagulatio,oftheprocessofaspiritualcontentundergoingembodiment.

Allofthishastodowithegodevelopment.Inthissymbolism,thatwhichpertainstoearthandbodyandmatterreferstotheegoitistheegothenthatistheincarnatingagent,andrealizesorgivesbodyorrealfleshlyexistencetopsychicstuffthatisjustabstractuntilit'slivedoutconcretelyinthepersonallifeofaparticularego.

AnotherinterestingimagethatfitsthissamepatternisLucifer'sfall

fromheavenasdescribedinMilton's"ParadiseLost."Ithinkitisprobablysignificantthatthatparticularclassicwaswrittenintheseventeenthcentury,justaswehadenteredintothefinalquarteroftheChristianaeon.LetmereadyouafewlinesaboutwhenLuciferrebelsagainstGodandisexpelledfromheaven,justinthesame

65Gen.6:2,4,AuthorizedVersion.66Chapter4,pp.83-116.

fashionthattheimageofSatanisexpelledfromheaven:

Hetrustedtohaveequal'dtheMostHigh,Ifheoppos'd;andwithambitiousaimAgainsttheThroneandMonarchyofGodRais'dimpiousWarinHeav'nandBattelproudWithvainattempt.HimtheAlmightyPowerHurl'dheadlongflamingfromth'EtherealSkieWithhideousruinandcombustion,downTobottomlessperdition,theretodwellInAdamantineChainsandpenalFire,Whodurstdefieth'OmnipotenttoArms.67

That'sanimageofegodevelopment!

Item2isfromparagraph651:

ButalthoughChristhascompleteconfidenceinhisfatherandevenfeelsatonewithhim,hecannothelpinsertingthecautiouspetitionandwarningintotheLord'sPrayer:"Leadusnotintotemptation,butdeliverusfromevil."Godisaskednottoenticeusoutrightintodoingevil,butrathertodeliverusfromit.ThepossibilitythatYahweh,inspiteofalltheprecautionarymeasuresandinspiteofhisexpressintentiontobecometheSummumBonum,mightyetreverttohisformerwaysisnotsoremotethatoneneednotkeeponeeyeopenforit.

IthoughtthiswouldgivemeanopportunitytosayafewwordsaboutthepsychologicalimplicationsofthepassagethatweknowofastheLord'sPrayer.ThiscomesfromthesixthchapterofMatthew.Letmeremindyouofhowitgoes:

OurFatherwhoartinheaven,hallowedbethyname.Thykingdomcome,thywillbedoneonearthasitisinheaven.Giveusthisdayourdailybreadandforgiveusourtrespasses[ordebts]asweforgivethosewhotrespassagainstus,andleadusnotintotemptationbutdeliverusfromevil....

Thatprayerhasbeenonthelipsofmillionsandmillionsof

individualsatthetimesofgreatestcrisis.Itisladenwithpsychologicalimpact.Itisdividedintoseven"petitions."(Jungspeaksofthesixthpetitionasthewords"leadusnotintotemptation.")Whenlookedat

67"ParadiseLost,"book11,lines4049.

psychologicallyyouseerightawaythatitisaformulaformaintainingaconnectionbetweentheegoandtheSelf.Letmejustillustratethatbrieflywitheachofthesesevenpetitions.

Petition1."Hallowedbethyname,"or"Thynamebesacred."ThatmeansImustrememberthetranspersonalsacreddimensionoflife.Thatiswhattheegoisremindingitselftorememberthatlifeisnotjustsecular,ithasatranspersonaldimension.

Petition2."Thykingdomcome."TheegohereisannouncingthatitrecognizesthattheruleoftheSelfshouldprevail.

Petition3."Thywillbedoneonearthasitisinheaven."Heretheegoissaying,"Iamgoingtolivemylifeoutofthesamerulethatyoubringtoyourkingdom."

Petition4."Giveusourdailybread."(TheVulgatesays,"Giveusoursupersubstantialbread,"whichIthinkputsaniceangleontoit.)Theideatherewouldbeapetitionorrequestfortheinflowofnourishingimagesandmeaningwhichisthepsychologicalbread.

Petition5."Forgiveusourtrespasses,"or"ourdebts."Iprefer''trespasses"(thoughdebtsisthemorecommontranslation)becauseitemphasizesthenatureoftheego'ssinagainsttheSelf.ItscharacteristicsinistheinflationofidentifyingwiththeSelfinotherwords,trespassingontheSelf'sterritory.

Petition6."Leadusnotintotemptation,"istheoneJungrefersto,becausethefactisthattheSelfinitsdesirefortotalrealization,totalincarnationofitsoppositenature,leadsoneintoevilaswellasintogood.Itisquiteunderstandablethatthatpetitionwouldbeincluded.

Petition7."Deliverusfromevil."Protectusfromdisruptivedangersthatyoucannothelpbutleadusinto.

Item3isbroughtupinparagraph655:

WhenChristleavestheearthlystage,hewillaskhisfathertosendhisflockaCounsellor(the"Paraclete")whowillabidewiththemandinthemforever.TheCounselloristheHolyGhost,whowillbesentfromthefather.This"SpiritofTruth"willteachthebelievers"allthings"andguidethem"intoalltruths.''Accordingtothis,ChristenvisagesacontinuingrealizationofGodinhischildren,andconsequentlyinhis(Christ's)brothersandsistersinthespirit.

WhatJungisreferringtocomesfromthefourteenthandsixteenthchaptersofJohn.Letmereadpartsofboth,becausethisimageof

thecomingoftheParacleteisanotherveryimportantpsychologicalsymbolforourunderstanding.Christishereannouncingthatheisgoingtodieshortly,andheisinforminghisdisciplesofthatfact,andtellingthemnottobedisturbedbecausethereisgoingtobeareplacement.ThisisfromtheJerusalemtranslation:

ItisforyourowngoodthatIamgoing,becauseunlessIgotheAdvocate[theParaclete],willnotcometoyou;butifIdogo,Iwillsendhimtoyou.68

IshallasktheFatherandhewillgiveyouanotherAdvocate[Paraclete]tobewithyouforever,thatSpiritoftruth,whomtheworldcanneverreceive,sinceitneitherseesnorknowshim,butyouknowhim,becauseheiswithyou,heisinyou.Iwillnotleaveyouorphans.Iwillcomebacktoyou.Inashorttimetheworldwillnolongerseeme,butyouwillseeme,becauseIwillliveandyouwilllive.OnthatdayyouwillunderstandthatIaminmyFather,andyouinme,andIinyou.69

Whatdoesthismean?Itmeansthataliteral,concreteembodimentoftheSelfforagivenpersonwhichistheroleChristwasfulfillingforhisdisciplesatthetimethatthatconcrete,literalembodimentmustdieinorderfortheego/Selfrelationtobeinternalized.

ThecomingoftheParacletewecanunderstandclinicallyasanimageoftheresolutionofthearchetypaltransference.Thus,attheconclusionofananalysis,whentheissueoftheresolutionofthetransferenceisuppermost,theanalystmustconveypreciselythesamemessage:"ImustgoanditistoyouradvantagethatIgoandunlessIgoyourdirectinnerrelationtotheSelfcannotappear."AndinordertopromotethatinnerdirectrelationtotheSelfwehavetoencourageactiveimagination.Inthelaterphasesofanalysisactiveimaginationistheprimaryagencyfortheresolutionofthetransference.ActiveimaginationistheevocationoftheParaclete.

Item4,paragraphs657and658,concernsareallycrucialtheme,the

continuingincarnation.ThisideaisthecoreoftheJungianmyth:

God'sIncarnationinChristrequirescontinuationandcompletionbecauseChrist,owingtohisvirginbirthandhissinlessness,wasnot

68John16:7.69John14:16.

anempiricalhumanbeingatall.AsstatedinthefirstchapterofSt.John,herepresentedalightwhich,thoughitshoneinthedarkness,wasnotcomprehendedbythedarkness.Heremainedoutsideandabovemankind.Job,ontheotherhand,wasanordinaryhumanbeing,andthereforethewrongdonetohim,andthroughhimtomankind,can,accordingtodivinejustice,onlyberepairedbyanincarnationofGodinanempiricalhumanbeing.ThisactofexpiationisperformedbytheParaclete;for,justasmanmustsufferfromGod,soGodmustsufferfromman.Otherwisetherecanbenoreconciliationbetweenthetwo.

Thecontinuing,directoperationoftheHolyGhostonthosewhoarecalledtobeGod'schildrenimplies,infact,abroadeningprocessofincarnation.Christ,thesonbegottenbyGod,isthefirst-bornwhoissucceededbyanever-increasingnumberofyoungerbrothersandsisters.

Thisistheideaofthecontinuingincarnation.It'sanotherexpressionoftheprocessofindividuationbutit'samorevivid,moreevocativesymbolfortheprocessofindividuationwhichotherwisehasaratherabstractqualityaboutit.JungsaysmoreaboutthisthemelateroninAnswertoJob,butIfirstwanttoreadyoupartofaletterhewrotetoElinedKotschnig.Iwouldliketoremindyouthatthisletter,writteninEnglish,isamajortextofthenewJungianmyth.

Thesignificanceofmanisenhancedbytheincarnation.Wehavebecomeparticipantsofthedivinelifeandwehavetoassumeanewresponsibility,viz.thecontinuationofthedivineself-realization,whichexpressesitselfinthetaskofourindividuation.Individuationdoesnotonlymeanthatmanhasbecometrulyhumanasdistinctfromanimal,butthatheistobecomepartiallydivineaswell.Thismeanspracticallythathebecomesadult,responsibleforhisexistence,knowingthathedoesnotonlydependonGodbutthatGodalsodependsonman.Man'srelationtoGodprobablyhastoundergoacertainimportantchange:Insteadofthepropitiatingpraiseforanunpredictablekingorthechild'sprayertoalovingfather,theresponsiblelivingandfulfillingofthedivinewillinuswillbeourformofworshipofandcommercewithGod.HisgoodnessmeansgraceandlightandHisdarksidetheterribletemptationofpower.70

Item5,paragraph658:

Theagonizingdeathofhis[Yahweh's]sonissupposedtogivehimsatisfactionforanaffronthehassuffered,andforthis"moralinjury"hewouldbeinclinedtotakeaterriblevengeance.Oncemoreweareappalledbytheincongruousattitudeoftheworldcreatortowardshiscreatures,whotohischagrinneverbehaveaccordingtohisexpectations.Itisasifsomeonestartedabacterialculturewhichturnedouttobeafailure.Hemightcursehisluck,buthewouldneverseekthereasonforthefailureinthebacilliandwanttopunishthemmorallyforit.Rather,hewouldselectamoresuitableculturemedium.

ThatparticularimageoftryingtounderstandGod'srelationtomanthroughman'screationofabacterialculturehasaveryinterestingparallelinascience-fictionstorybyStanislavLemwhoisaparticularlyfinescience-fictionauthor.He'swrittenastorycalled"NonServiam,"whichisLatinfor"Imaynotserve."

Inthisstoryascientistcreatesacomputerworldinwhichconsciousbeingsexistwithinthecomputercontext.Whathecallspersonoids.Andtheseentities,astheygainconsciousness,begintoindulgeinmetaphysicalspeculationaboutthenatureoftheircreator.Andtheydivideupintovariousfactions.ThetwochieffactionsaretheGodliesandtheUngodlies.Theirquestionwasdoestheircreatorwantthemtobelieveinhimandwouldhepunishthemiftheydon'tbelieveinhim?Theybeginadispute.Asplitdevelopsbetweenthetwo.OnesideassumesthatthecreatorGodrequiresreverence,loveanddevotion,andinordertowinsalvationonemustbegratefultothemakerforcreatinghimanddoone'sbesttoserveGod.Theothersidethinksnotatall.WemustassumeGodisjustandomniscient.NothingwhateverisdemandedbecauseaGodthatcravessuchfeelingofbeinglovedandservedmustfirstofallassurehiscreaturesthatheactuallyexists.Hecan'trequirethemtorelyonspeculationabouthisexistence.Ifhe'salmightyhecouldhaveprovidedcertaintyandsincehedidnot

provideit(assumingheexists)hemustnothavethoughtitnecessary.Andifhe'snotalmightywouldhebedeservingofsuchfeelingsandserviceatall?Sothatparticularviewsays,no,we'renotobligedtoservethisGod(whoprobablydoesn'texistanyway)becausethefactthathedoesn'tdemonstratehisexistencetousmeanswe'reundernoobligationtoservehim.

Tothescientistwho'sbeenlisteninginonallthis(andrealizesthey'retalkingabouthim)thislastreasoningseemsincontrovertible:

I'mthecreatorandIdidproducethatworldwiththeaidofAdonai9computerprogramandthefactisthatIhavenotcommunicatedtothemeithermyexistenceoranythingaboutmyexistence.AndtheyarrivedatthatideaonlybyinferenceandIdonotatallfeelmyselfentitledtodemandofthemanyparticularprivilegeslove,gratitudeorevenservices.EventhoughI'momnipotentwithregardtotheirworldIcanpulltheplugonthemanydayIdon'tevenlovethem,actually.71

I'mgoingintothisbecauseitillustratesanissuethemodernmindisengagedwith.Science-fictionisrightontheborderofscience,whereimaginationandsciencemeet.It'saplacewherethecollectiveunconscioushasachancetospeaktothemodernworld,andwediscoverinstoriesofthissorthowthesamematterthatJungisdealingwith,onafardeeperlevel,isalsoengagingthecollectivepsyche.


ThefactthatChristianethicsleadstocollisionsofdutyspeaksinitsfavour.Byengenderinginsolubleconflictsandconsequentlyanafflictioanimae,itbringsmannearertoaknowledgeofGod.AlloppositesareofGod,thereforemanmustbendtothisburden;andinsodoinghefindsthatGodinhis"oppositeness"hastakenpossessionofhim,incarnatedhimselfinhim.Hebecomesavesselfilledwithdivineconflict.

Ijustwantedtodrawyourattentiontothatstunningstatementbecauseitconcernsabasicissuewe'redealingwithallthetime,bothinourselvesandinourpatientsthematteroftheopposites.JungisemphasizingherethattheexperienceoftheconflictoftheoppositesisanexperienceofGodwhoisbeingincarnatedinhisoppositeness.This,needlesstosay,addsawholelevelofunderstandingtotheexperienceofconflict.

Item7,paragraph660,isadeepone:

BecausetheimagoDeipervadesthewholehumansphereandmakesmankinditsinvoluntaryexponent,itisjustpossiblethatthefour-hundred-year-oldschismintheChurchandthepresentdivisionofthe

71"NonServiam"inAPerfectVacuum,p.195(modified).

politicalworldintotwohostilecampsarebothexpressionsoftheunrecognizedpolarityofthedominantarchetype.

Thebasicaxiomhereisthat"theimagoDeipervadesthewholehumansphereandmakesmankinditsinvoluntaryexponent."Ipreferaslightlydifferenttranslationofthatsentence(whichhingesonhowyoutranslatetheverbdarstellen):"TheimagoDeipervadesthewholehumansphereandisinvoluntarilyrepresentedbymankind."

Ihopeyourealizewhatthissentenceimplies.IwanttosayabitaboutwhatIthinkitimplies.YourememberImentionedbeforethatyoucanthinkofthecollectiveunconsciousasaverysubtlefluidpervadingalloftheuniversebutbeingespeciallyconcentratedinthepsycheofhumanity.Thiscorrespondstotheimageofthealchemicalelixirpermanens.It'sthefluidthatpermeateseverything.Itcanseepitswayintoeverything.Andthat'sthewordJunguseshere:"TheimagoDeiPERVADESthewholehumansphere."

TheGod-image(imagoDei),therefore,asthecorearchetypeofthecollectiveunconscious,isthecentralagentandcreativeauthoritywhichdeterminesthefunctioningofallindividualsandallorganicgroupingsofindividuals.AndbyorganicgroupingsImeanallfamilies,tribes,factions,parties,religions,nationsallgroupings,smallorlarge,whichareunifiedbymutualidentificationwithanorigin,acauseoracreed.Theseorigins,causesandcreedswillbeexpressionsoftheGod-imagewhichistheoperativecentralagentinthepsycheofthatparticulargroup.Whatthatmeansthenisthatinallconflictsbetweennations,creedsdifferentfactionsofallkindseachsidewillbeactingoutofacommitmenttoitsownversionoftheGod-image.Inotherwords,theconflictbetweenanytwofactionsisaconflictwithintheGod-imageitself.

Ihopeyouallfollowthat.Ifnotwe'llgooveritfurtherinthediscussionperiod.Butthisismyefforttoelaboratewhatiscondensed

inthisonesentence,"TheimagoDeipervadesthewholehumansphereandisinvoluntarilyrepresentedbymankind."Asthatbecomesvisibletoyou,itchangesyourwholeunderstandingofthefunctioningofthecollectivepsycheofhumanityofthewayitmanifestsitself,politicallyandreligiouslyandfactionally,inallofitsvariousaspects.

8Paragraphs662687andtheBookofEnochThebasicthemeoftonight'sassignmentisthedifferentiationandtransformationoftheGod-imageinhistory.AndthedatathatJungusestodemonstratethatdifferentiationandtransformationarechieflythevisionofEzekiel,thevisionofDanielandthevisionintheBookofEnoch.ThevisionofEzekielcomesfromaboutthetimeoftheBabylonianexilesolet'scallit550B.C.;theBookofEnochwascompletedabout100B.C.;andthevisionofDanielfallssomewhereinbetween.

ThebasicideaisthatJob'sencounterwithYahwehisfollowedbyanactivationofthecollectiveunconsciousbyvirtueofJob'sprofoundconsciousinsightintothenatureofthedeity.TheGod-imagefeelsobligedtomoveclosertomanandthatbringsabouttheactivationofthecollectiveunconscious.

ThistendencyoftheGod-imagetomoveclosertohumankindisrevealedfirstinEzekiel'svisionandtheninawholespateofapocalypticliteraturethatappearsinthelasttwocenturiesB.C.AmongtheitemsofthatliteratureJungreferstoaretheBookofDanielandtheBookofEnoch.That'sthebasicthemeofoursubjectmatter.HavingsaidthatInowwanttofocusmyremarksoneightitemsconcerningthistheme.

ThefirstitemisEzekiel'svisionwhichJungdiscussesbeginninginparagraph665.ThevisionisofagreatchariotwithfourmassivewheelsandaboveitisthevaultoftheheavensandsittingabovethatvaultistheGod-image"inthelikenessofahumanbeing."Andeachofthegreatwheelsissurroundedbyeyesallarounditsrimsandeachwheelisaccompaniedbyacreaturewithfourfaces.

Jungspeaksofthisvisionsaying:

Thefirstgreatvisionismadeupoftwowell-orderedcompoundquaternities,thatis,conceptionsoftotality,suchaswefrequentlyobservetodayasspontaneousphenomena.Theirquintaessentiaisrepresentedbyafigurewhichhas"thelikenessofahumanform."HereEzekielhasseentheessentialcontentoftheunconscious,namely

theideaofthehighermanbywhomYahwehwasmorallydefeatedandwhohewaslatertobecome.

ThisvisionisreallytheculminationoftheOldTestament,understoodpsychologically,andit'sthefoundationforChristianmandalasofChristsupportedbythefourevangelists,threeofwhomhaveanimalfacesandoneofwhomhasahumanface.It'sthestartingpointforalllaterJewishmysticism.JungusedthissameimageasthebasicpatternforhisformulaoftheSelfwhichhedescribesinconsiderabledetailinAion.

ThisvisionisfoundinchapteroneoftheBookofEzekiel.LetmejustreadyouafewofthepassagestoremindyouoftheflavorofthisgreatvisionoftheGod-image,themostdifferentiateddepictionoftheGod-imageintheOldTestament.Yousee,aprocessofdifferentiationhasoccurredasaresultoftheencounterwithJob.TheGod-imageisnolongersodiffuse.It'sundergoneaseparatiointofour,sotospeak.

Stormwindfromthenorth...hugecloudwithflashingfire...fourlivingcreatureswithinthecloud.Eachhasfourfaces:onehasthefaceofaman,onethefaceofalion,onethefaceofanoxandonethefaceofaneagle.Andtherewerewheelsontheground,onebesideeachofthefourlivingcreatures.Rimsfullofeyesallaround.Andovertheheadsofthelivingcreaturessomethinglikeafirmamentcouldbeseenlikeglitteringcrystal.Andabovethefirmamentsomethinglikeathronelookinglikesapphireanduponitwasseatedonethathadtheappearanceofaman.[HereforthefirsttimeYahwehismanifestingasamanwhichindicatesthathe'sdrawingclosertohumanity.He'sbeginningtoundergohumanization.]Fireisallaboutsurroundedwithsplendorliketherainbowthatappearsinthecloudsonarainyday.72

AndtheninthenextchapterEzekielhearsavoicefromthefigureabove.Andthevoicesays,

Sonofman,standup,Iwishtospeakwithyou.Sonofman,IamsendingyoutotheIsraelites,rebelswhohaverebelledagainstme.73

72Ezek.1:428,NewAmericanBible(condensed).73Ezek.2:13,NewAmericanBible(condensed).

SoheaddressesEzekielwiththetitle,"SonofMan."Inparagraph667JungsaysthatpresumablythatismeanttoindicatethatEzekielisthesonofthe"Man"onthethrone.

Allright,that'sthefirstpieceofdataJungadducestoindicatethattheGod-imageisundergoingdifferentiationandtransformation.

Jung'ssecondreferenceandourseconditemisthevisionofDanielwhichhespeaksofinparagraph668:

Thedisturbanceoftheunconsciouscontinuedforseveralcenturies.Around165B.C.,Danielhadavisionoffourbeastsandthe"AncientofDays,"towhom"withthecloudsofheaventherecameonelikeasonofman."Herethe"sonofman''isnolongertheprophetbutasonofthe"AncientofDays"inhisownright,andasonwhosetaskitistorejuvenatethefather.

ThisreferenceisfoundintheseventhchapterofDaniel,startingwiththesecondverse:

InavisionIsawduringthenightsuddenlythefourwindsofheavenstirringupthegreatseafromwhichemergedfourimmensebeasts.Onewaslikealion,thesecondwaslikeabear...thethirdwaslikealeopardandthefourth,differentfromalltheothers,[was]terrifying,horribleandofextraordinarystrength...andhadironteeth.AndasIwatched...thronesweresetupandtheancientone,theancientofdaystookhisthrone.Hisclothingwassnowbrightandthehaironhisheadaswhiteaswool.Histhronewasflamesoffirewithwheelsofburningfire....Asurgingstreamoffireflowedoutfromwherehesat.Thousandsuponthousandswereministeringtohimandmillionsuponmillionsattendedhim....AsthevisioncontinuedIsawonelikeaSonofMancomingoncloudsofheavenandwhenhereachedtheancientofdaysandwaspresentedbeforehimhereceiveddominion,gloryandkingship.Nationsandpeoplesofeverylanguageservehim.Hisdominionisaneverlastingdominionthatshallnotbetakenaway.Hiskingshipshallnotbedestroyed.74

SohereagainwehavetheGod-imagemanifestinginavisiontomanandappearingfirstofallasanoldmanandthenassomeonedesignatedastheSonofManwhorepresentsarejuvenationoftheantiquatedGod-imageoftheAncientofDays.Andjustasin

74Dan.7:214,NewAmericanBible(condensed).

Ezekiel'svisionthereisaquaternityoffiguresthataredescribedasfouranimals,oneofthemofadifferentnature.Itdoesn'tindicatewhatthenatureis.Hereweencounterthatcharacteristicthemeofthethreeplusone,theso-calledAxiomofMaria.75Sothat'sthesecondbatchofdataaboutthechangingoftheGod-image.

Thethirdbatch,andourthirditemtoday,comesupinreferencetotheBookofEnoch.Now,Ihopeyou'velookedintoitandhavesomeideaofitscontent.It'sdiffuse,it'snotwellorderedandIthinkthat'sprobablybecauseit'sacomposite.It'slikelyacompilationofanumberofvisionaryexperiencesperhapsofmorethanoneauthor.Andit'swrittenoveraperiodoftime,probablyatleasthalfacentury.

LetmejustoutlinetheessentialfeaturesofthatportionofthebookofEnochthatconcernsus.

Inchapters716welearnaboutthefallenangelswhohavebeenlureddownbecauseoftheattractionsofthedaughtersofmen,andtheydescendfromheavenandtakewivesandlivehumanlivesandteachhumanitytheartsandsciences.Butalsothechildrenthattheygeneratearegiantswhoturnonhumanityandbegintoeatthem.ThisisfinallybroughttoGod'sattentionand,asJungpointsout,ratherbelatedlybroughttohisattention.Heshouldhavebeenawareofitimmediatelybuthewasn't.Andhetheneventuallypunishesthefallenangelsbybindingthemandcastingthemintodarkness.

I'lljustreadyouabitoutoftheBookofEnochtorefreshyourmemories:

Azazeltaughtmantomakeswords,knives,shields,breastplates,workmanshipofbraceletsandornaments,theuseofpaint,thebeautifyingoftheeyebrows,theuseofstones,allsortsofdyessothattheworldbecamealtered.Impietyincreased,fornicationmultipliedandtheytransgressedandcorruptedalltheirways.Anotherfallenangeltaughtsorcerersanddividersofroots...anothertheobservationsofthestars,

anotherastronomythemotionofthemoon.76

75"Onebecomestwo,twobecomesthree,andoutofthethirdcomestheOneasthefourth."SeeJung,PsychologyandAlchemy,CW12,par.209.76R.H.Charles,ed.,TheApocryphaandthePseudepigraphaoftheOldTestamentinEnglish,vol.2,p.192(condensed).

Theninchapters1737Enochtakesaseriesofjourneysthroughearthandhell,goinginthefourdirections.Thisrepresentsacharacteristicperegrinatio.It'sacircumambulationofthewholecircumferenceoftheworldthatinvolvesagainaquaternitybecauseitisavisitingofeachofthefourdirectionsinturn.

Thisisfollowedinchapters3943byajourneytoheaven.AndthereEnochhasavisionofthefoursidesofGod.ThesidesrepresentingthreeofthedivinepresencesarebusypraisingGodandonesideisbusywardingofftheSatansthatthreatentoattackhim.

Inchapters4550wehaveavisionoftheLastJudgment,theimageoftheAncientofDays,andtheSonofManwhowillpassjudgment.There'sareferencetothatinchapter46:

IbeheldtheAncientofDayswhoseheadwaslikewhitewool[it'sthesameimageasinDaniel]withwhomwasanotherwhosecountenanceresembledthatofman.

AndhewastoldthisotherwascalledtheSonofMan.Thisisthe''SonofMantowhomrighteousnessbelongs,withwhomrighteousnesshasdwelt."

AndasJungnotes,thegreatemphasisonrighteousnessispresumablyconnectedwiththisbecauseGodhadbeguntorealizethathewasabitdeficientinthatquality.

Theninchapter59we'retoldaboutBehemothandLeviathanwhowillbeservedupasfoodforthefaithfulintheLastJudgment.

Inchapter70EnochbeholdsthecrystalhouseofGodandheisaddressedbytheGod-imageastheSonofMan:

TheAncientofDayscameandthenthatangelcametomeandwithhisvoicesalutedmesaying,"ThouarttheSonofManwhoartbornforrighteousnessandrighteousnesshathrestedonthee.TherighteousnessoftheAncientofDaysshallnotforsakethee."

SotheBookofEnochendswiththeapotheosisofEnoch.HeundergoesadeificationbecauseheisidentifiedastheSonofManwhichisamanifestationoftheGod-image.SomuchforthesummaryoftheBookofEnoch.

Inowwanttopayspecialattentiontosomeoftheitemsofthesummary.Thefirstitemconcernsthegiants,generatedbythefallenangels,whostartdevouringmankind.I'vereportedaremarkable

modernparalleltothisaccountinEnochadreamthatcametomyattention.AndI'llreadyouaportionofit.ThisisadreamofamanwholaterbecameaJungiananalyst:

IamalongwhatappearstobethePalisades,overlookingallofNewYorkCity.Iamwalkingwithawomanwhoisunknowntomepersonally,wearebothbeingledbyamanwhoisourguide.NYCisinarubbletheworldinfacthasbeendestroyed.It'sjustoneheapofrubble.Therearefireseverywhere,thousandsofpeoplearerunningineverydirectionfrantically,theHudsonriverhasoverflowedmanyareasofthecity,smokeisbillowingupeverywhere.Thelandhasbeenleveled.Fireballswereinthesky,headingfortheearth.Itwastheendoftheworld.

Thecauseofthisgreatdestructionwasaraceofgreatgiantsgiantswhohadcomefromouterspacefromthefarreachesoftheuniverse.InthemiddleoftherubbleIcouldseetwoofthemsitting;theywerecasuallyscoopinguppeoplebythehandfulandeatingthem.Thesightwasawesome.77

ThedreamcontinuesbutthisexcerptisenoughtoillustratethemodernevocationofthearchetypeoftheendoftheworldwhichwasfirstconstellatedinhistoryinthecontextofNoah'sflood.Thearchetypewasconstellatedasecondtimeinthecontextofthechangeoftheaeons(atthebeginningofourcurrentaeon)whichwasEnoch'sconcern,andnowthesameimageisshowingupintheunconsciousofindividualsattheendofthataeonincurrenttimes.It'saveryvividexpressionoftheactivationofthearchetypalcontentsoftheunconscious.That'swhatthegiantsrepresentthearchetypes.They'rebigger-than-lifethings.Andastheydescendontoearththeimageoftheirdevouringhumanbeingsisanexpressionofindividualsbeingeatenupbyidentificationwiththearchetypesthatarefallingintotheindividualconsciouspsyche.Sobeingdevouredbygiantsisanimageofsuccumbingtoinflation.

Thenextitemconcernsthatfourthsideofthedeitywhichisfending

off"theSatans."Jungreferstothatinparagraph673and674:

EnochinhisvisionseesthefourfacesofGod.Threeofthemareengagedinpraising,praying,andsupplicating,butthefourthin

77SeealsoEdinger,TheCreationofConsciousness,p.28.

"fendingofftheSatansandforbiddingthemtocomebeforetheLordofSpiritstoaccusethemwhodwellonearth."

ThevisionshowsusanessentialdifferentiationoftheGod-image:Godnowhasfourfaces.

Inaddition,SatanhasnowbeenexcludedfromtheGod-imageandthere'saconsciousdynamicatworktokeephimseparate.

Jungsaysinparagraph674thatoneofthesefaces

isexclusivelyoccupiedinkeepinghiseldersonSatan,nowchangedintomany,awayfromhim,andinpreventingfurtherexperimentsafterthestyleoftheJobepisode.

AninterestingalmostmodernparalleltothisimageisfoundatthebeginningofGoethe'sFaust.Ican'tsayforsurebutIverymuchdoubtthatGoethewasfamiliarwiththeBookofEnoch.Anyway,his"PrologueinHeaven"(theopeningsceneofFaust)startsoutthesamewayastheBookofJobwithMephistophelesvisitingthecourtofheavenandputtinghiswagertotheLord.TheprologueofFaustbeginswiththearchangelsGabriel,RaphaelandMichael,eachinturn,singingthepraisesofCreationhowgloriousistheCreationoftheLord.One,two,threetheycomeoutandthenalongcomesMephistophelesandsays,"I'msorryIcan'tgiveyourCreationanypraiseitlookslikeacompletemesstome."That'snumber4,youseethreeplusoneitisthesameimageastheBookofEnoch,thedifferencebeingthatthere'snothingtofendMephistophelesoff.Hejustsauntersintotheheavenlycourtandstartsexpressinghimself.

Nowournextitem,number6,isreferredtoinparagraph675.ThattheSatanswereexcludedinEnoch,Jungpointsout,indicates"ametaphysicalsplit"hasalreadytakenplacebetweenYahwehandSatan.ThenJunggoesontosay:

Butthepleromaticsplitisinitsturnasymptomofamuchdeepersplitin

thedivinewill:thefatherwantstobecometheson,Godwantstobecomeman,theamoralwantstobecomeexclusivelygood,theunconsciouswantstobecomeconsciouslyresponsible.

Ithinkwe'vegotfourequationstherethatareworthdetailedconsideration.

1)"Thesplitinthedivinewill,"hesays,means"thefatherwants

tobecometheson,"meaningthatanagingprocessisrecognizedthatiscallingforrejuvenation,rebirth.

2)"Godwantstobecomeman"meanstheeternal,theimmutable,thearchetypalanduniversalwanttobehumanized,theywanttomanifestintime,theywanttoincarnate,theywanttohaveexistenceinparticularityintimeandspacetosubmittothelimitationinordertomanifestmoreconcretely.

3)"Theamoralwantstobecomeexclusivelygood."TheamoralreferstotheunconsciousstateoftheGod-imagewhichexistspriortomoraldifferentiationpriortotheseparationoftheopposites.Itwantstoseparatetheoppositesandthenidentifyexclusivelywiththegoodwhichcantakeplaceonlybybecominghuman.Itcan'toccuraslongastheGod-imageremainsinaneternalundifferentiatedform.Ithastoallowitselftogothroughhumanincarnationinordertoachievethatdifferentiation.

4)"Theunconsciouswantstobecomeconsciouslyresponsible."ThereagainfullconsciousnessoftheSelfrequiresaparticularincarnatedhumanegoinordertobetheSelf'svesselofrealization.

Allofthosefourequationsrefertotheprocessofthedifferentiationandtransformationoftheunconsciousasitisencounteredbytheconsciousego.Andallfourequationsdescribethedynamicsofwhatgoesonwhentheunconsciousissubjectedtoscrutinyaseriousexamination,aseriousauseinandersetzungandaseriousattemptbytheconsciousegotocometotermswithit.

Item7isthisterm"SonofMan."ItcameupinthevisionofEzekiel,inthevisionofDanielanditcomesupagainintheBookofEnoch.Thisisacomplexsymbolicimageofgreatdynamism.AwholebookhasbeenwrittenonthesymbolismoftheSonofMan.78Thisimagedrewsomuchattention,ofcourse,becauseChristusedthisterm

repeatedlytorefertohimself.ThetermSonofManoccurseightytimesinthefourGospels.ButasIsay,itdidn'tbeginthere.ItbeganwithEzekiel,DanielandEnochallofthemlongbeforeChrist.

Religiousscholarshavedisputedendlesslyaboutthistermandtheirinterpretationsfallintofourcategories:

78F.H.Borsch,TheSonofManinMythandHistory.

1)Thepersonalistic-reductivecategory.Accordingtothisviewthetermdoesn'tmeananythingspecialatall.Itjustmeans"humanbeing."It'sthesameassaying,"Man,it'scoldoutside."

2)Thearchetypalinterpretation.Accordingtothisview,SonofManreferstotheoriginalman,orAnthropos,thatfirstappearedinearlyNearEasternmyth.SothatasynonymforSonofManaccordingtothearchetypalinterpretationmightbe"primalMan"ManspelledwithacapitalM.

3)ThisiswhatIcallthemessianiccategorywhichreferstoapreordained,specialelectoneafigurewhoistoappearonearthandleadalifeofsufferinginordertoredeemmankind.Thisissomethingakintothe"sufferingservant"ofIsaiah.

4)Theeschatologicalview.AccordingtothisviewtheSonofManisametaphysicalfigurewhoisanaspectorpartnerofYahweh,ofGod,whowillmanifesthimselfattheendoftime,whenhewillpassjudgment(theLastJudgment).

Thesearethekindofcomplex,multifacetedinterpretationsyougetwhenyou'redealingwithatruesymbol.Whenatruesymbolisaliveitwon'tstandstillforasingleinterpretation.

Psychologically,IthinkwecangetsomeideaofwhatthetermSonofManmeansbycomparingitwithasimilartermusedinalchemy.InalchemyoneofthesynonymsforthePhilosopher'sStoneisthefiliusphilosophorum,thesonofthephilosophers.Yousee,that'sverysimilartotheSonofMan."Philosophers"isanamethatthealchemistsuseforthemselves.Theywerethephilosophers.Sothesonofthephilosophersisequivalenttothesonofthealchemists.It'sthesonofthepeoplewhomadeit.AndwhatthatsignifiesisthattheyconsideredthestonetobeaproductofhumaneffortalthoughwithGod'shelp.

IbelievethetermSonofManhasasimilarpsychologicalconnotation.It'sanimageoftheSelf.ItrepresentsarejuvenationoftheGod-imagewhichisnowappearinginayoungerversionbutnotundertheappellationSonofGod(thoughthatissometimesusedasanalternative).ButinthecontextinwhichIhavebeentalkingaboutit,atanyrate,it'scalledSonofMan,whichsignifiesthatthenewborntransformedimageoftheSelfrepresentsasumorproductofhumanconsciousness.Inotherwords,theGod-imageinitscon-

scious,transformedstateemergesastheresultofanencounterwithaconscioushumanego.Andthat'swhyit'scalledSonofMan.

Nowlet'sseewhatJungsaysaboutthis.Hereferstoitfirstinparagraph677:

WhenYahwehaddressedEzekielas"SonofMan,"thiswasnomoreatfirstthanadarkandenigmatichint.Butnowitbecomesclear:themanEnochisnotonlytherecipientofdivinerevelationbutisatthesametimeaparticipantinthedivinedrama,asthoughhewereatleastoneofthesonsofGodhimself.ThiscanonlybetakenasmeaningthatinthesamemeasureasGodsetsouttobecomeman,manisimmersedinthepleromaticprocess.Hebecomes,asitwere,baptizedinitandismadetoparticipateinthedivinequaternity(i.e.,iscrucifiedwithChrist).

Youseethat'squiteanideahere,thisideathat"manisimmersedinthepleromaticprocess."AndJungfollowsthatupinparagraph681,whereheputsitthisway:

Enochisaddressedbytherevealingangelwiththetitle"SonofMan,"afurtherindicationthathe,likeEzekiel,hasbeenassimilatedbythedivinemystery,isincludedinit,asisalreadysuggestedbythebarefactthathewitnessesit....Enochiswaftedawayandtakeshisseatinheaven...hebeholdsthehouseofGodbuiltofcrystal....The"HeadofDays"comesforthand[says]"ThisistheSonofManwhoisbornintorighteousness."

HerethestrikingphraseisthatEnoch"hasbeenassimilatedbythedivinemystery,isincludedinit...bythebarefactthathewitnessesit."

Yousee,that'soneofthefeaturesoftheego'sencounterwiththeunconscious.Theveryprocessofwitnessingitdragsoneintoitandonebecomes,willy-nilly,aparticipantintheprocess.Thestatusofremoteobserverisnotpossibleintheprocessofencounterwiththeunconscious.Youcan'tseeitasitreallyisunlessyouparticipate,andthenbythebarefactofwitnessingthenatureoftheunconsciousyou

changeitandyouaredrawnintothedivinedramathatitisanexpressionof.

9Paragraphs688-712Beforewegetintotonight'smaterial,thereisoneitemIwantedtofinishupfromlasttime.Thereferencecomesfromparagraph686whereJungsays:

TheinnerinstabilityofYahwehistheprimecausenotonlyofthecreationoftheworld,butalsoofthepleromaticdramaforwhichmankindservesasatragicchorus.Theencounterwiththecreaturechangesthecreator.

Iwanttofocusonthatremark,"Theencounterwiththecreaturechangesthecreator,"inordertoapplyittoouractualpsychologicalexperience.Wegettwotermshere:creatorandcreature.Creaturemeanstheonecreatedbythecreator.Soaquestionthatimmediatelycomesupwhenyoureflectonthisstatementis,"Doestheegoactuallyexperienceitselfasacreaturecreatedbyacreator?"Isthatanactualegoexperienceformodernmenandwomen?Theanswertothatquestiondeterminesone'sreligiouspositioninrelationtoexistence.

Basicallytherearethreepossiblereligiouspositionsconcerningthesetermscreatureandcreator.FirstiswhatIcallcredocontainment.Secondissecular,rationalisticalienation,usuallyaccompaniedbyinflation.Andthirdisego/Selfdialogue,orindividuation.

1)Credocontainmentreferstoastateofaffairsinwhichtheegoexperiencesitselfasthecreature,asthecreatedone,ofacreatorGod,whohasrevealedhimselfinaparticularreligiouscreed,inaparticularbodyofscripture.TherulesofthatcreedarethenexperiencedasthewillofGod,andthecreatureegothensubordinatesitselftothewillofGodasrevealedinthecreeddisseminatedbythepriesthoodorclergyofthecreed.

2)Thesecular,rationalisticcondition,whichisbasicallyatheistic.Accordingtothismodeofexperience,thereisnotranspersonalagencythatisrelevanttohumanexistence.SotheegodoesnotexperienceitselfasacreaturecreatedbyacreatorGod.Ratheritexperiencesitselfasarandomphenomenon,aproductofchance,andno

valuesexistbeyondwhattheegocreatesforitself.Thisisthemodern,secularrationalistic/existentialistposition.

3)Ego/Selfdialogueorindividuation.InthisstateofaffairstheegodoesindeedexperienceitselfasthecreatureofacreatorSelfonethatmustbegivenconstantattentionandconnectionbutmustalsonotbeconfinedtoanysinglecreed.Itisratherindividual,personalexperiencethatleadstotheawarenessthattheegoisthecreatureofatranspersonalcreator.ItisonlyinthisthirdmodeofbeingthatJung'sstatementapplies,"Theencounterwiththecreaturechangesthecreator."Itisonlyinthisthirdmodethatanyrealencountertakesplacebetweenthecreatureandthecreator,becauseonlyoutofthisreligiouspositioncanagenuinedialogueoccur.

Asanillustrationwecanseetwoofthesepositionsatworkintheconflictovertheteachingofevolutioninthepublicschools.Thecredocontainmentattitudetakesthepositionthatacreatordidindeedgeneratehumanlife.Butthatconvictioncomesoutofaparticularreligiouscreed.Andofcoursethesecular,rationalisticstandpointdeniesanytranspersonalfactor.Thethirdpossibilityhasnotyetevenenteredtherealmofpublicdiscussion.Itdoesn'texist,thereisnospokesmanforthatthirdpositionatall.

IwantedtoelaborateonthatparticularstatementabitbecauseIthinkitorientsustokeepinmindthesethreemodesofreligiousstancewheneverweencounteranewpatientstartinganalysis.Weaskourselves,"Whereisthisperson?Isthepersoncomingfromapositionofcredocontainmentorasecular,rationalisticposition?"Thosearethetwopositionswearemostlikelytoencounter.

Nowtotonight'smaterial.Thefirstitemcomesfromparagraph689:

Jesus,itisplain,translatedtheexistingtraditionintohisownpersonalreality,announcingthegladtidings:"Godhasgoodpleasureinmankind.

HeisalovingfatherandlovesyouasIloveyou,andhassentmeashissontoransomyoufromtheolddebt."HeoffershimselfasanexpiatorysacrificethatshalleffectthereconciliationwithGod.

JunggoesontoremarkhowastonishingitistodiscoverthatYahweh'svindictivenessissogreatthathemustbeboughtoffwiththesacrificeofhisson.

IwanttotalkabitaboutthisthemeofChristasanexpiatorysacrifice.TheimagealsocomesupintheBookofRevelationwhereChristappearsintheimageofalambwhohasbeensacrificed.That'soneofhissynonyms,thesacrificiallamb.Whatweencounterhereisacontinuation,onanotherlevel,ofthesacrificialritualofthetraditionalHebrewceremonies.AnimalsacrificewasaprominentfeatureofIsraelitereligion,andChristtookoverthattradition.AsJungputsit,''Jesustranslatedtheexistingtraditionintohisownpersonalreality."TheexistingtraditionwasthesacrificialreligionofanimalsacrificewhichChristtranslatedintohisownreality.

ThatisillustratedwithparticularclarityintheBookofHebrews.Thefollowingisaparaphrasefromtheninthchapter:

Thefirstcovenanthadrulesforworshipandaman-madeplaceforworshipaswell.Atabernacletentisputupandafterarrangementsaremade,thetabernacleerected,theouterholyplaceandtheInnerHolyofHolies,thepriestsgointotheoutsidetenteverydaytoperformtheirduties,butonlytheHighPriestgoesintotheinsidetent,andhedoesthisonlyonceayear.Hetakeswithhimblood,thebloodofthesacrificialanimalwhichheofferstoGodonbehalfofhimselfandforthesinsofthepeople.AndtheHolySpiritclearlyteaches,fromallthesearrangements,thatthewayintotheMostHolyPlacehasnotyetbeenopened,aslongastheoutsidetentstillstands.Thisisafigurewhichreferstothepresenttime.ItmeansthatthegiftsandanimalsacrificesofferedtoGodcannotmaketheworshipper'sheartperfect,theyhavetodoonlywithfood,drinkandvariouscleansingceremonies.Theseareoutwardrulesonly,whichapplyonlyuntilthetimewhenGodwillreformallthings.

ButChristhasalreadycomeastheHighPriestandthetentinwhichheservesisgreaterandmoreperfect.Itisatentnotmadebyhumanhands.AndwhenChristwentthroughthattentandenteredonceandforallintotheMostHolyPlace,hedidnottakethebloodofgoatsandcalves,ratherhetookhisownblood,andattainedeternalsalvationforus.Thebloodofgoatsandbullsandtheashesofthebullcalfaresprinkledonthepeople

whoarerituallyunclean,andthatmakesthemclean.Andsincethisistrue,howmuchmoreisaccomplishedbythebloodofChrist.HeoffershimselfasaperfectsacrificetoGod.Hisbloodwillmakeourconsciencesclean.79

79Heb.9:114,GoodNewsBible(slightlymodified).

SoyouseethereisaprecisetransferfromthesacrificialritualoftheHebrewstotheself-sacrificeofChrist.

Whenyoureflectonit,itisreallyquiteastonishinghowbasicthearchetypeofsacrificeistothehumanpsyche.Themajorityofprimitivesocietieshavesomevestigesofhumansacrifice,andthereisevidenceintheBiblethattheoriginalsacrificewasahumansacrificeandonlylaterdiditbecomeananimalsacrifice.Theideagripstheprimitivemindveryprofoundlythathumanexistencerequiresasacrificetothedivineagency,andthesesacrificescanbeterriblybrutalaffairs.TheAztecsgiveusagreatexampleofthat.

Butwhathashappenednow,accordingtothewayJungislayingitout,isthatbecauseofYahweh'sencounterwithJob,Yahwehhimselfmustnowsubmittosacrifice.Heretoforehehasimposedonhiscreaturesthesacrificialrequirement.Butnowhemustsubmittoithimself.JungelaboratesthiswholeideaintheKotschnigletterthatIreferredtopreviously.HespeaksofhowChristwas

upagainstanunpredictableandlawlessGodwhowouldneedamostdrasticsacrificetoappeaseHiswrath,viz.theslaughterofHisownson.Curiouslyenough,asontheonehandhisself-sacrificemeansadmissionoftheFather'samoralnature,hetaughtontheotherhandanewimageofGod,namelythatofaLovingFatherinwhomthereisnodarkness....Asaconsequencethesacrificewasaself-destructionoftheamoralGod,incarnatedinamortalbody.Thusthesacrificetakesontheaspectofahighlymoraldeed,ofself-punishmentasitwere.80

TotheextentthatChristisrepresentedasthesonofGod,asDeity,thenhisself-sacrificeisaself-destructionoftheamoralGod,whodemandssuchhumansacrifices.Tothatextent,then,heisevidenceofGod'sgoodness.Hisrolewastosacrificehimselfinthatfashion.

IwoulddrawyourattentiontoanimportantdiscussionofthepsychologyofsacrificeinJung'sessay,"TransformationSymbolism

intheMass."81Thethemeofsacrificeisveryimportantinindividuationimagery.

80Letters,vol.2,p.313.81PsychologyandReligion,CW11,pars.381ff.

ThenextitemIwanttotalkaboutisparagraph692.

ThesendingoftheParacletehasstillanotheraspect.ThisSpiritofTruthandWisdomistheHolyGhostbywhomChristwasbegotten.Heisthespiritofphysicalandspiritualprocreationwhofromnowonshallmakehisabodeincreaturelyman.SinceheistheThirdPersonoftheDeity,thisisasmuchastosaythatGodwillbebegottenincreaturelyman.Thisimpliesatremendouschangeinman'sstatus....Butthatputsman,despitehiscontinuingsinfulness,inthepositionofthemediator,theunifierofGodandcreature.

ThisremindsoneofthesymbolismoftheTrinity,threeunifiedandyetseparateentities,Father,SonandHolyGhost(orHolySpirit;somehowIlikeHolyGhostalittlebetter,ithasalittlemoreshadowtoit).AccordingtotheWesterncreed,theSonproceedsfromtheFatherandtheHolyGhostproceedsfromtheFatherandtheSon.ThisdiffersfromtheEasternChurchwheretheHolyGhostproceedsfromtheFatheralone.ThisindicatestheimportancethattheWesternChurchmythologicallyattachestotheego.

TheideaJungisputtingforwardhereisthattheHolyGhostisgoingtomanifestitselfnotonlyinitsoriginalvessel,ofChrist,butnowalsoinsinfulman.Thisishisideaofcontinuingincarnation.IwanttodrawyourattentiontoanimportantdiscussionoftheHolyGhostthatJunggivesusinalettertoFatherLachat,foundinvolume18oftheCollectedWorksandreprintedinthepaperbackPsychologyandWesternReligion.JunghasanumberofverypertinentthingstosaythereaboutthenatureoftheHolyGhostasitgeneratesthecontinuingincarnation.

Thisgentleman,FatherLachat,hadwrittenabookontheHolyGhostand,inJung'sview,missedthewholepointsomuchsothatJungwasstirredtoexpresshimself:

ThustheordinarymanbecameasourceoftheHolySpirit....Thisfact

signifiesthecontinuedandprogressivedivineincarnation.Thusmanisreceivedandintegratedintothedivinedrama.Heseemsdestinedtoplayadecisivepartinit;thatiswhyhemustreceivetheHolySpirit.IlookuponthereceivingoftheHolySpiritasahighlyrevolutionaryfactwhichcannottakeplaceuntiltheambivalentnatureoftheFatherisrecognized....AconscientiousclarificationoftheideaofGodwouldhaveconsequencesasupsettingastheyarenecessary.Theywouldbeindispensableforaninteriordevelopment

ofthetrinitariandramaandoftheroleoftheHolySpirit.TheSpiritisdestinedtobeincarnateinmanortochoosehimasatransitorydwelling-place.82

ThisisthesymbolicdescriptionthatJungisusingtodescribetheeffectsofanego'shavingaseriousengagementwiththeunconscious.Whenthatoccursacontinuingincarnationistakingplaceandhumankindisreceivedandintegratedintothedivinedrama.

ContinuingthediscussionoftheHolyGhost,thenextitemcomesfromAnswertoJob,paragraph695:

AlthoughtheParacleteisofthegreatestsignificancemetaphysically,itwas,fromthepointofviewoftheorganizationoftheChurch,mostundesirable,because,asisauthoritativelystatedinscripture,theHolyGhostisnotsubjecttoanycontrol.Intheinterestsof...theChurch...thecontinuingindwellingoftheHolyGhostisdiscouragedandignoredasmuchaspossible.Nofurtherindividualisticdigressionscanbetolerated[i.e.,thatjustleadstoheresy].

AndthewaythatwasaccomplishedwasthatatPentecost,whentheHolyGhostdescended,itdescendedonMarywhowasthereforeunderstoodtobethepersonificationoftheChurch.83AndsoatPentecosttheChurchwasborn.That'sthebirthdayoftheChurchPentecost,it'stheoffspringoftheHolyGhost.ThatmeantthathenceforththeHolyGhostwassafelychainedupintheChurch.TheChurchthenbecomesthearbiteroftheHolyGhost.ThisillustrateshowdangeroustheHolyGhostisforallgrouplife.EverygrouporganismattemptstochainuptheHolyGhost,andthenthelabelofheresyisattachedtoanymanifestationoftheHolyGhostthatrunscontrarytowhatthecanonofthegivengroupis.

Thenextitemcomesfromparagraph696:

InChrist'ssayingstherearealreadyindicationsofideaswhichgobeyondthetraditionally''Christian"moralityforinstancetheparableoftheunjust

steward,themoralofwhichagreeswiththeLogionoftheCodexBezae.

82"LettertoPèreLachat,"TheSymbolicLife,CW18,par.1551.83ThisisdiscussedinEdinger,TheChristianArchetype:AJungianCommentaryontheLifeofChrist,pp.123130.

ThatLogionorsayingofJesusisonethatJungreferstoanumberoftimesthroughouthiswork,andhequotesitagaininafootnotetothepassageIjustread:

"Man,ifindeedthouknowestwhatthoudoest,thouareblessed;butifthouknowestnot,thouartcursed,andatransgressorofthelaw."

ThatistheremarkChristmadewhenhecameacrossamanworkingontheSabbath,andsomePhariseessaidtohim,"Howaboutthat?"Itwasaboutasbadasmurder,inancientIsrael,toworkontheSabbath.AndyetaccordingtothisLogion,ifyouknowwhatyouaredoing,youcangetawaywithit;andifyoudon't,youarecursed.That'satruthIthinkweallrecognizeasprofoundlyapplicabletoarelationtotheunconscious.Whendubiousthingscomeupthatarecontrarytotheconventionalmorality,ifoneactsinaccordancewithsuchthingseverythingdependsonthedegreeofconsciousnesswithwhichthoseactionsaretaken.

Thenextitemcomesfromparagraph698whereJungtalksaboutJohn,theauthoroftheEpistlesofJohn,whodeclaredthatGodislightandthat"inhimisnodarknessatall."

Johnisabittoosure,andthereforeherunstheriskofadissociation.Underthesecircumstancesacounterpositionisboundtogrowupintheunconscious,whichcanthenirruptintoconsciousnessintheformofarevelation.Ifthishappens,therevelationwilltaketheformofamoreorlesssubjectivemyth,because,amongotherthings,itcompensatestheone-sidednessofanindividualconsciousness.ThiscontrastswiththevisionsofEzekielorEnoch,whoseconscioussituationwasmainlycharacterizedbyanignorance(forwhichtheywerenottoblame)andwasthereforecompensatedbyamoreorlessobjectiveanduniversallyvalidconfigurationofarchetypalmaterial.

Iwantedtodrawyourattentiontothatremarkbecauseitappliestoourunderstandingofdreams.Justastherearetwokindsof

compensatoryvisions(suchastheonesJungmentionsintheabovepassage),sotherearetwokindsofcompensatorydreams.Jungtellsusthatpracticallyalldreamsarecompensatoryinonewayoranother.Buttheycanbecompensatoryindifferentways.

Itisvitallyimportanttounderstandthestateofthedreamer'scon-

sciousnessbeforetryingtointerpretadream,becausethecompensatoryelementinthedreamcanbeoftwokinds:

1)Iftheconsciousnessofthedreamerisdecidedlyone-sidedincertainrespects,thenthedreamwillhaveamarkedtendencytocompensatethatone-sidednessbyover-emphasizingthecontrary,theopposite.Oneismostapttofindthatsituationamongpatientsattheverybeginningofanalysis.Oftentheycomeinwithone-sidedconsciousstandpoints.

2)Theotherkindofcompensationreallyisn'tcompensation,strictlyspeaking,atall.Itisratherasituationinwhichtheindividualegoisignorantandinnocentofawholelayerofmeaning,andinthatcasethedreambringsupmeaningsthatareobjectivelytrueandthatcompensate,sotospeak,fortheinnocentignorancebutnotintheusualsenseofcompensation.Thedream,then,ismoreanobjectivedescriptionofthewaythingsare.Ithinkasanalysisproceedsthisisthemoreusualkindofdreamthoughthemoreordinarycompensatorydreams(ofthefirsttype)willalsoappearoccasionally,especiallywhenthepatientgetscaughtinaparticularlyone-sidedconsciousattitude.

Fortherestoftonightandfornextweek'sassignmentwewillbestudyingJung'sdiscussionoftheBookofRevelation.Letmeofferyouanoutlineofthisbook:

Chapters13.AvisionoftheSonofMan,withatwo-edgedswordcomingoutofhismouth,followedbythesevenletterstothesevenchurches,somewhatthreateningletters.

Chapters411.Agrandvisionofthedivinethrone,ofacrystallinedeity,thefouranimals,thesacrificiallambwiththesevenhornsandseveneyes,whichanimalthenopensthescrollwiththesevenseals.Andthesesevensealsarebroken,onebyone.Eachtimeasealis

brokenacalamitydescendsupontheearth.Thefirstfoursealsaretheso-called"FourHorsemenoftheApocalypse,"ridingawhitehorse,aredhorse,ablackhorseandapalehorseakindofapocalypticquaternity.Afterthesevensealswehavesevenangelswithseventrumpets,andaseachonesoundshertrumpetadditionalcalamitiespourdownupontheearth.

Chapters1213.Thevisionofthesun-womanandthedragon,thewomanclothedinthesunstandingonthemoon,whogivesbirthtoa

sonwhoiscaughtuptoheaven.

Chapters1416.Theannouncementoftheeternalgospelwhichis"FearGodandgivehimglory."Thenwehavethevisionofthewine-pressofGod'sangerandtheharvestwhichistheslaughterofhumanity.Thenmoreplaguespouroutonhumanityfromthesevenbowls.

Chapters1718.TheGreatWhoreofBabylon,whoisdrunkwiththebloodofthesaints.

Chapters1920.ThefinalbattlesinwhichSatanisboundandcastintoanabyssandintoalakeoffire,withtheResurrectionoftheDeadandtheLastJudgment.

Chapters2122.ThegrandimageoftheheavenlyJerusalem,thegreatmandalavisionandthegrandimageoftheMarriageoftheLambtotheheavenlyJerusalem.

That'stheoutlinethatIwillfleshoutforyouinthenexttwomeetings,butfornowIwanttospeakoftheBookofRevelationasawhole.Youseeit'samassiveimageoftheactivationofthecollectiveunconscious,thecomingoftheSelfanditsconsciousrealization.

Itisexpressedlargelyinnegativetermsupuntiltheveryend.ThisbookistheWesternpsyche'sclassicexampleofthearchetypeoftheendoftheworld.Othertermsforthissamearchetypewouldbe"cosmiccatastrophe"and"lastjudgment."84YouseethenhowtheextremeanddestructiveimageryassociatedwiththisimageofthecomingoftheSelfindicatesthattheegoinourcurrentaeonexperiencesthiseventasadisaster.

Ifweputitincalm,objective,clinicalterms,whatthisimageryispicturingistheprocessoftherelativizationoftheego.Itsoundsharmlessenough,doesn'tit?Buttotheegowhenitisundergoingits

ownrelativizationitdoesnotseemharmless.ThatistheeventthatoccurswhentheegohasadecisiveencounterwiththeSelf.Thatexperience,almostregularly,isaccompaniedbyterrorandthesenseofcatastrophicdestruction,becausetheegoiscenteredinitself,yousee,andtheprospectofbeingjudgedandrelativizedisanabsolutedisasterwhenoneencountersitdecisively.Anotherimagefortheego'sencounterwiththeSelfisthethemeoftheEyeofGod.Thatis

84Seealsochapters8and10fordiscussionsofthisarchetype.

avariationofthisapocalypticimagery.85

Thisthemeofcosmiccatastrophe,ortheendoftheworld,isacommondelusionwiththeonsetofpsychosis.Insuchcasesthedeathorrelativizationoftheegoisequatedwiththedeathoftheworld,andrightlyso,sincetheworldexistsonlytotheextentthatthereisaconsciousegotoperceiveit.

Theendoftheworldthemealsofrequentlyappearsindreams.Nowadaysthemostcommonexamplesaredreamsofnuclearwarornuclearexplosionsofonekindoranother,whichareimagesoferuptionintoconsciousmanifestationofthenucleusofthepsyche,theSelf.Thesedreamsmoreoftenthannotarehighlypositive,eventhoughtheystriketerrorintheindividual.Wheneveryouencounterdreamsofthatsort,thinkofRevelation,becauseoneoftheimportantimagesisfirefallingfromheaven.Itfitstheimageryofnuclearwarprecisely.

85SeeTheCreationofConsciousness,pp.42ff.

10Paragraphs713733Yourememberlasttime,whenwestartedlookingattheBookofRevelationasapsychologicaldocument,IspokeofitasamassivesymbolicimagerepresentingtheactivationofthecollectiveunconsciousandtheeruptionofawarenessoftheSelfintoconsciousness.Imentionedthatdreamsofthisarchetypeoftheendoftheworld,thecosmiccatastrophe,arenotinfrequentinmodernexperience.Dreamsofnuclearwarandnuclearexplosionsarethemostcommonexamples.Ialsomentionedthatthesedreamsintheirneteffectareoftennotasnegativeordestructiveastheymayfirstappear.

Iwanttogiveyouaparticularlyvividexampleofsuchadream.Itisdescribedinratherfulsometerms,andI'mjustgoingtoletthedreamspeakforitself.Itwasdreamtbyamiddle-agedwomanwhohadbeeninanalysisforseveralyears.Shelabeledthisdream,"TheParadiseBombShelter."

Wewereinaroomwhichwassomewherebetweenbeingabombshelterandthefortifiedinnercityofanancientholytown,suchasAcreorJerusalem.Thewallswerefoursquareandbetweenthewallandtheroomorthebuildingtherewasacorridorofair,somethinglikeanovergrown,encirclingapartmenthouseairshaftabufferregion,ano-man'sland.Andinthisroomprivilegedcompanysat,crouching,waitinguntilweheartheterribleexplosionofthebombdescendingontheouterworld.Ithappens,andthedinandtheshakingtakeover,thentheyrecede.

Wehavebeentoldthatsolongaswestayinsidethewallsandsolongaswedon'topenthehugebronzedoors,everythingwithintheshelterwillremainfreefromradiationorfalloutandtherewillbenodeathbycontamination.Agroupoffiveofus,feelingourhermeticallysealedroom

isitselffated,andbeingfilledwithcuriositytoseetheruinedouterworldweruntothedoorsanywayandproceedtopullthemopen.Thatis,fourofthemdo.Ilosemynerveattheendandfallbacktowatchfromadistancewhiletheothersproceed.Finally,withdifficultyandgreatcreakingnoisethegreatbronzedoorsopen,andastheydosotheyletinlightburning,blinding,

bitter-tasting,acrid-smelling,deafening,suffocatingwhitelightwhichisradiation.

Itdoesn'ttakethefourlongtodecidetheyhaveseenalltheyneedto,andsoontheyaretryingtoclosethedoorsagain,andthatiswhenIstepoutofmycornerandIstandinthemiddleofthecorridor,waitingtheirreturn,andassoonasthefirstonereturnsIcatchherandembraceherwarmly.Shelooksatme,startledbutmoved,andsays,"Don'tyourealizethatnow,throughtouchingme,you,too,arecontaminated?"

Inodmyhead,"Yes,Idoknow,"butthatwasthepoint.Iwantedtoshareinhercontamination.Iwantedtoindicatelove,sympathy,admirationandadesiretobeakintoalltheconsequencesofthenewhumancondition.ThenIaskher,"Whatdidyouseeoutside?"andsheanswers,''Onlyalotofbrokenglass."

Nextwegoaboutpreparingforthedeathswefeelsurewillresultfromtheexposureatthegates.Initiallytwopeoplediddie,butafterthattherearenofurtherdeaths,anditisasthoughthedeathratehassloweddowntonormal.Itisincredible.Wehadexpectedaceaselessparadeofdyingandagonizedradiation-sickenedcitizens,butnowitbeginstolookasifitwilltakealifetimeforusalltodie.

ThenIseeafamilygroup,sittingasthoughforaformalportraitandIrealizewehadevenbeengiventhepowerofreproductionandgeneration,sothislifeisliketheother,onlywearefreefromthebindofstagnationandimmortality.Throughgrowthanddecaywecanchange,andbombshelterscanbecomeholycities.

Well,I'mnotgoingtoofferanyinterpretationofthatdream.Itprettywellspeaksforitself,showingyouhowwhatfirstappearsasdestructivenuclearlightturnsoutoncloseinspection(atleastwhenitisapproachedwiththerightconsciousattitude),toberatheranimageofinitiationintoauthentichumanexistence,whichincludes,ofcourse,mortality.

Iwanttogoontotalkinmoredetailaboutthisrichandcomplex

BookofRevelation.Thereareagreatmanyspecificdetailedimagesthatarerelevanttoourpsychologicalwork,andIwanttodrawyourattentiontosomeofthem,atleast.Thefirstchapterstartsoutwithavisionofthenuminosuminaparticularform.Johnsays:

AndIturnedtoseethevoicethatspakewithme.Andbeingturned,Isawsevengoldencandlesticks.AndinthemidstofthesevencandlesticksonelikeuntototheSonofman,clothedwithagarmentdown

tothefoot,andgirtaboutthepapswithagoldengirdle.Hisheadandhishairswerewhitelikewool,aswhiteassnow;andhiseyeswereasaflameoffire;andhisfeetlikeuntofinebrass,asiftheyburnedinafurnace;andhisvoiceasthesoundofmanywaters.Andhehadinhisrighthandsevenstars:andoutofhismouthwentasharptwo-edgedsword:andhiscountenancewasasthesunshinethinhisstrength.86

AndquiteunderstandablyJohnthenadds:

WhenIsawhim,Ifellathisfeetasdead.87

ThisisaparticularlyinterestingimageoftheSelfasaninstrumentofseparatio.Thetwo-edgedsword,whichisasymboloftheLogos,isreminiscentofChrist'sstatement,"Icametobringnotpeace,butasword,"thatis,toseparatefamilymembersfromeachother.Thisimagebelongstothewholesymbolsystemofseparatio,whichIdiscussinAnatomyofthePsyche.88AlbrechtDürerhasagreatpictureofthisparticularimage(opposite).

Ialsohavecomeacrossanotherimageofthesamenature,theSelfasitappearsintheconditionofseparatio.ItappearsintheseriesofpicturesthatgotomakeupacasehistoryIhavepublished.89Oneofthepicturesinthatserieswasofaboyholdingontoaballoonwhichwascarryinghimupintothesky,andashewentheavenwardhecameintothevicinityofagreatsawbladesun.Thesunwaspicturedasarevolvingsawblade,withrough,sharpteeth.90ItisthesameimageastheimageofChristwiththetwo-edgedswordcomingoutofhismouth.InbothcasestheSelfismanifestingasasharp-edgedinstrumentthatdivides.ItisthekindofinstrumentthatismostapttoshowupinpsychologicalsituationswheretheLogos,theseparating,judgingfunctionofthepsyche,isinsufficientlyconscious.Itismost

86Rev.1:1216.(Allrefs.toRevelationarefromtheAuthorizedVersion)87Rev.1:17.88Chapter7,pp.183210.

89[TheLivingPsyche:AJungianAnalysisinPictures.Thebookreproducesthe104paintingsproducedbythepatient(anartist)inthecourseofhisanalysis.Thepaintingsareaccompaniedbydescriptions,associations,dreamsandactiveimaginingsofthepatienttogetherwithanincisivecommentarybytheauthor.Ed.]90SeeTheLivingPsyche,p.22.

ChristoftheApocalypse(FromW.Kurth,ed.,TheCompleteWoodcutsofAlbrechtDürer)

apttoshowupinpsychologiesthatarekindofdiffuseandnotverysharplydiscriminated.AllthatmissingdiscriminationisresidingintheSelf,anditexpressesitselfinthiskindofthreateningimage.

Anotherinterestingitemshowsupafewversesaftertheonejustquoted.ThevoicethenexplainstoJohnwhatismeantbythestarsandthecandlesticksreferredtoinverses1216:

Thesevenstarsaretheangelsofthesevenchurches:andthesevencandlestickswhichthousawestarethesevenchurches.91

Sowehaveanimageofsevencandlesticksorlampsintheheavenlyrealmwhichareduplicatedontheearthlyrealmasthesevenchurches.Itisasthoughthesevenarchetypalluminositiesarebeingmirroredonearthbythesevenchurches.Furthermorethesevenstarsaredescribedasthe"angelsofthesevenchurches."Andyouwillnoticeinthefirstverseofthenextchapterthattheletterswrittentoeachofthesevenchurchesareaddressednottothechurchitselfbuttotheangelofthechurch,sothatthefirstletterreads,"UntotheangeloftheChurchofEphesus,write...etc."

Ithinkthisimagereferstoaveryinterestingpieceofpsychologicalphenomenologythatremainstobeexaminedandelaborated,becauseIconsidertheseangelsofthechurchestorefertothecollectivepsychicorganismsthatthechurchesareexamplesof.ThereisonlyoneotherplaceintheBiblewherethissameimagecomesupinthetenthchapterofDaniel.Thereanangel,intalkingtoDaniel,referstoan"angelofPersia,andanangelofGreece,"andalsomentionsthefactthatthearchangelMichaelistheguardianangelofIsrael.Sowearetheretoldthatnationshavetheirangelsaswellaschurches.

WhatIthinkthoseimagesrefertoisthefactthateverycollectiveentitythatisconstitutedbyagroupofindividualswhoaremoreorlessidentifiedwithoneparticularcollectivetheme,thateverysuch

collectiveentityisaseparatepsychicorganismithasanangel,sotospeak.Ittranscendsthemereexistenceoftheindividualsthatcomposeit.Itisasthoughtheindividualsformthecellsofthatlargerorganism.Ifyouhavesuchanidea,andstartapplyingittothewaycollectiveorganismsbehave,itcanbeveryilluminating.

Thenextitemistheso-calledthronevision,foundinthefourth

91Rev.1:20.

chapterofRevelation:

Iwasinthespirit:and,behold,athronewassetinheaven,andonesatonthethrone.Andhethatsatwastolookuponlikeajasperandasardinestone:andtherewasarainbowroundaboutthethrone,insightlikeuntoanemerald.Androundaboutthethronewerefourandtwentyseats:andupontheseatsIsawfourandtwentyelderssitting,clothedinwhiteraiment;andtheyhadontheirheadscrownsofgold.Andoutofthethroneproceededlightningsandthunderingsandvoices:andthereweresevenlampsoffireburningbeforethethrone,whicharethesevenSpiritsofGod.Andbeforethethronetherewasaseaofglasslikeuntocrystal...androundaboutthethrone,werefourbeastsfullofeyesbeforeandbehind.Andthefirstbeastwaslikealion,andthesecondbeastlikeacalf,andthethirdbeasthadafaceasaman,andthefourthbeastwaslikeaflyingeagle.92

Thisthronesymbolism,whichoccurredfirstofallinEzekiel'svision,andhereagaininJohn's,isanexampleofthearchetypeofthechair.Youmightnotthinkofachairasanarchetype,butitis.ThegreatcathedralsofEuropearemagnificentbuildingsbuiltaroundachair.Cathedrameanschair,thechairthatthebishopsitsin.Thatiswhy,whenoneaddressesthe''chair,"oneisaddressingtheheadoftheorganization"Mr.Chairman."Oneisaddressingthearchetype.Thisshowsupindreamssometimes.EstherHardingwroteaboutthesymbolismoftheanalyst'schair.93Shebroughtinalotofdreamsasexamplesofhowthechairoftheanalysttakesonarchetypalauthorityandexpressesitself.Itbecomesakindofcathedra,andanalysts,youknow,haveagreattendencytospeakexcathedra.

Thediscussionofthronesymbolismisfollowed,inthenextfewchaptersofRevelation,byawholeseriesofevents.Thereisascrollwithsevensealsonit,eachofwhichisopened,oneatatime;andthensevenangelsappear,andeachoneblowsatrumpet.We'vealreadyhadsevenstarsinthehandoftheSonofMan,andtheseven

lampstands,sothatthearchetypeofsevenisveryprominentinthismaterial.Andthequestion,ofcourse,is"Whatdoesitmean?"Theonlywaythatwecanelaboratethiskindofmaterialwithanykindofempiricalvalidityisbythemethodofamplification.Welookaround

92Rev.4:27.93SeeM.EstherHarding,TheParentalImage,p.226.

toseeinwhatothercontextthenumbersevenistobefound.

Aprominentcontextinancientthinkingwasthesevenplanetaryspherestheideaoftheplanetaryladder.Accordingtothisidea,asyouascendstepbystepfromearthallthewayuptotheuppermostregion,theareaofthefixedstars,youpassthrougheachofthesevenplanetsandplanetaryspheres,andeachofthemrepresentsarungontheladder.Thenwhenyoureachtheeighthlevelyouhaveachievedtheverytop,thelevelofthefixedstars.Therearesevenstepsbetweenearthandheaven,andthat'swhythenumbersevenisassociatedwiththeinitiationprocess.Ifyougothroughallsevengradesthenyouareinitiatedintotheveryhighestlevel.Andsevenistoeightasthreeistofour:itisonthewaytototality.Sevenisthelaststationbeforefinaltotalityonthesecondlevelsotospeak.Sothatwouldbesomeoftheimplicationsthen,ofthenumberseven.

AnotheritemIwanttoalludetoisthequestionofthe"markedone."Inchaptersevenweread:

AndIsawanotherangelascendingfromtheeast,havingthesealofthelivingGod:andhecriedwithaloudvoicetothefourangels,towhomitwasgiven[thepower]tohurttheearthandthesea,Saying,Hurtnottheearth,neitherthesea,northetrees,tillwehavesealedtheservantsofourGodintheirforeheads.AndIheardthenumberofthemwhichweresealed:andthereweresealedanhundredandfortyandfourthousandofallthetribesofthechildrenofIsrael.94

InmanyofthemedievalpicturesoftheApocalypsethereareillustrationsofthisprocess,andtherearelonglinesofpeoplewaitingtogettheirseal,andeachonecomesuptogetasealonhisforehead.Usuallyitisrepresentedasacross,anequilateralcross.Anotherversionofthe"markedones"isinchapterfourteen:

[Thesepeople]shalldrinkofthewineofthewrathofGod....Andthesmokeoftheirtormentascendethupforeverandever:andtheyhaveno

restdaynornight,whoworshipthebeastandhisimage,andwhosoeverreceiveththemarkofhisname.95

Sohere'sanotherversion.Thosewhohaveworshippedthebeasthavethemarkofthebeastontheirforehead.Theyaremarkedfor

94Rev.7:24.95Rev.14:1011.

damnation,justastheothersaremarkedforsalvation.Thisrepresentstwoversionsofthesamearchetype,onepositiveandonenegative.Tobemarkedmeanstobesetapart,tobeoneoftheelect.Allarchetypesarebipolarandthisoneistoo.Youcanbeelectedtobeblessedorelectedtobedamned.Butpsychologicallyconsidered,whenthisimagecomesupindreamsweunderstandthatasbeingmarkedforindividuation.Inthepsychologicalcontext,itisn'taneither/or;itisratherlikethatmottoplacedovertheconiunctiocastleintheChymicalWeddingofChristianRosencreutz,forallwhoentertosee,"Congratulationsandcondolences."96

Tobemarkedhasadoubleimplicationandifyoudon'tsplittheoppositesitmeansyouaregoingtogetashareofbothcursesandblessings.Thiscomesupindreamsnotinfrequentlyanditiseasytomissunlessyouknowthearchetype.Allarchetypesaremissed,unlessyouknowthem.Unlessyoucanrecognizethemtheywilljustsliprightbyyou.Ifyouknowthem,thenyoucannailitdown.

Thenextitemisthethemeofstarsfallingfromheaven,foundinRevelation6:12:

AndIbeheld,whenhehadopenedthesixthseal,and,lo,therewasagreatearthquake;andthesunbecameblackassackclothofhair,andthemoonbecameasblood;andthestarsofheavenfelluntotheearth,evenasafigtreecastethheruntimelyfigs,whensheisshakenofamightywind.

AndthenagaininRevelation8:10:

Thethirdangelsounded,andtherefellagreatstarfromheaven,burningas[if]itwerealamp.

ThisbelongstothesamesymbolismasSatan'sfallingfromheaven,ortheangelsthatdescendedtomarrythedaughtersofmeninGenesis.Itisthesameimageofdescent,ofarchetypalmaterialfallingoutofthetranspersonalrealmandintotheego.Soitbelongstothesame

imageryofcoagulatio.Igiveadreamexampleofthismotifonpage90ofAnatomyofthePsyche.Inthisdreamapieceofthemoonfelloutoftheskyintoapatient'sapartment.Thatpresaged

96ChristianRosencreutz(pseud.ofJohannValentinAndreae),TheHermetickRomance,ortheChymicalWedding,p.30.(CitedbyJunginMysteriumConiunctionis,CW14,par.37)

theassimilationofabitoffemininitythathadpreviouslybeenlackinginherego.

Anotheritemisthesymbolismof"onethird."InRevelation8:7weread:

Thefirstangelsounded,andtherefollowedhailandfiremingledwithblood,andtheywerecastupontheearth:andathirdpartoftreeswasburntup,andallgreengrasswasburntup.Andthesecondangelsounded,andasitwereagreatmountainburningwithfirewascastintothesea:andthethirdpartoftheseabecameblood;Andthethirdpartofthecreatureswhichwereinthesea,andhadlife,died;andthethirdpartoftheshipsweredestroyed.Andthethirdangelsounded,andtherefellagreatstarfromheaven...anditfelluponathirdpartoftherivers....andthethirdpartofthewatersbecamewormwood....andthethirdpartofthesunwassmitten,andthethirdpartofthemoon,andthethirdpartofthestars...wasdarkened.

Onandonthethemeofonethirdisrepeated.Weareforcedtoaskourselves,"Whatdoesthatmean?"ItwasathemethatcametomyattentionasaresultofaverysizabledreamIhadsomeyearsago.Oneoftheimageswasthatterroristsburstintoachurchserviceandslaughteredonethirdofthecongregation.ForsometimeIdidn'tgetthisdream,especiallywhatthatparticularimagewasabout.AndthenwhenImadetheconnectionwiththeBookofRevelation,everythinginthedreamfellintoplace.ThenIrecognizedthewholedreamtobeaLastJudgmentdream,tobetheequivalenttoRevelation.AssoonasIrealizedthatitallbecameclear.

That'swhathappenswhenonefindstherightamplificationtoaparticulardreamimage.Ifyoufindtherightamplification,it'silluminating.Suddenlyalightisturnedonandthenyou'vegotyourbearingsandyouknowwhatitisabout.AssoonasIrealizedthatthesignificantamplificationtothatparticularimagewastheBookofRevelationwherealltheseonethirdsaredestroyed,Icouldseethat

mydreamwasanexpressionoftheApocalypse.

Thatstilldoesn'texplainwhatthemeaningofonethirdis.IgavesomethoughttothatandmythoughtsareexpressedinachapterinEgoandArchetypecalled"TrinityandQuaternity."Itismyconclusionthatthenumberthreeisnotalwaysjustanamputatedquaternity,whichinsomecasesitis.Butthat,especiallyintermsofthepsy-

chologyofyoungerpersons,thenumberthreeisthenumberofegohoodbecauseitistheconsciousegothatmustfunctionintimeandspace,andtimeandspaceareorderedaroundthenumberthree.Eternityisorderedaroundthenumberfour.

SoIunderstandallthisemphasisononethirdbeingdestroyedtoindicateanassaultonthenumberthree.Inotherwords,anassaultontheegoattitude.Thiscontrastswiththesituationearlierinlifewhentheoriginalstateofwholeness,whichisakindoflatentfourness,mustbeassaultedbythenumberthree.Youwillsometimesencounterdreamsthatillustratethatpoint.

OnegoodexampleIrecallisthedreamofayoungman,apueraeternustype,whoneededmore"threeness"inhislife.Hedreamtthatapiewasbeingdividedupintotriangularsections.Theoriginalwholenesswasbeingassaultedbythetriangle,yousee,inorderfortheegotocomeintofullermanifestation.

Thenextitemisthe"sunandmoon"womanfromchaptertwelveofRevelation.

Andthereappearedagreatwonderinheaven;awomanclothedwiththesun,andthemoonunderherfeet,anduponherheadacrownoftwelvestars:Andshebeingwithchildcried,travailinginbirth,andpainedtobedelivered.Andthenthereappearedanotherwonderinheaven;andbeholdagreatreddragon,havingsevenheadsandtenhorns....Andhistaildrewthethirdpartofthestarsofheaven,anddidcastthemtotheearth:andthedragonstoodbeforethewoman...todevourherchildassoonasitwasborn.Andshebroughtforthamanchild,whowastoruleallnationswitharodofiron:andherchildwascaughtupuntoGod,andtohisthrone.Andthewomanfledintothewilderness,whereshehathaplacepreparedofGod.97

Jungtalksaboutthisimagewhichisquiteimportanttohim.HefirstreferstoitinAnswertoJob,paragraphs710711:

Thereappearedinheaven,afterthedestructionofJerusalem,avisionofthesun-woman....Shewasinthepangsofbirth,andbeforeherstoodagreatreddragonthatwantedtodevourherchild.

Thisvisionisaltogetheroutofcontext.Whereaswiththepreviousvisionsonehastheimpressionthattheywereafterwardsrevised,

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rearranged,andembellished,onefeelsthatthisimageisoriginalandnotintendedforanyeducationalpurpose.

Andinparagraph713Jungsays:

Themanchildis"caughtup"toGod,whoismanifestlyhisfather,andthemotherishiddeninthewilderness.Thiswouldseemtoindicatethatthechild-figurewillremainlatentforanindefinitetimeandthatitsactivityisreservedforthefuture.

Andthenagain,inparagraph716:

Underthoseconditionsthenew-bornmanchildwouldhavebeenboundtohaveanoticeablypositiveaspect,because,inaccordancewithhissymbolicnature,hewouldhavecompensatedtheintolerabledevastationwroughtbytheoutburstoflongpent-uppassions,beingthechildoftheconjunctionofopposites,ofthesunfilleddayworldandthemoonlitnightworld.Hewouldhaveactedasamediator...andwouldthushavebecomeabeneficentsaviourwhorestoredthebalance.

Letmejuststateitbaldlyandnotbeataroundthebush:Ithinkwecanconsiderthischildofthesun-moonwoman(whoisthepersonificationoftheSol-Lunaconiunctio)asananticipationofJungianpsychology,lodgedrightinthemiddleoftheancienttext.Yousee,John'sGod-imagewassplitbecause,ascharacteristicofthatnuminosum(forinstance,theswordcomingoutofitsmouth),separatiohasbeenthekeythemeoftheChristianaeon.Andthemanchildbornofthissun-moonwomanisaproductoftheconiunctio,ratherthantheseparatio,andsoitrepresentstheunifiedGod-imagethatonlybecomespossibleintheJungianaeon,andthatwillcomeaboutprogressivelywiththecontinuingincarnationoftheGod-imageinearthlyman.That'showIunderstandwhatJungistellinguswhenhesays,inparagraph713:

Themanchildis"caughtup"toGod,whoismanifestlyhisfather,andthemotherishiddeninthewilderness.Thiswouldseemtoindicatethatthechild-figurewillremainlatentforanindefinitetimeandthatitsactivityisreservedforthefuture.

Thefutureisnow,andJung,whohasunderstoodandinterpretedthatimage,isperformingthefunctionofbringingitsmeaninganditsrealizationtofulfillment.

11Paragraphs734747Iwanttodiscussafewitemsleftoverfromlasttime.Firstistheeternalgospelwhichstates,''FearGodandgiveglorytohim."

AndIsawanotherangelflyinthemidstofheaven,havingtheeverlastinggospeltopreachuntothemthatdwellontheearth,andtoeverynation,andkindred,andtongue,andpeople,Sayingwithaloudvoice,FearGodandgiveglorytohim.98

ThisisanimportantfeatureofRevelationforJung.Hespeaksofitinseveralplaces,oneofthemparagraph733:

CouldanyoneinhisrightsensesdenythatJohncorrectlyforesawatleastsomeofthepossibledangerswhichthreatenourworldinthefinalphaseoftheChristianaeon?Heknew,also,thatthefireinwhichthedevilistormentedburnsinthedivinepleromaforever.Godhasaterribledoubleaspect:aseaofgraceismetbyaseethinglakeoffire,andthelightofloveglowswithafiercedarkheatofwhichitissaid"ardetnonlucet"itburnsbutgivesnolight.Thatistheeternal,asdistinctfromthetemporal,gospel:onecanloveGodbutmustfearhim.

Jungishereenunciatingaverybasicprincipleofhisthought.ThestatementjustquotedreplacesthenaiveassumptionthatGodisaconsciousandall-lovingbeing.Theeternalgospelmeansthatitreferstobeyondtimetheeternalgospelasopposedtothetemporalgospel.AcorollarytotheprinciplethatonecanloveGodundercertainfavorablecircumstances,butmustfearhim,isthatanxietyisanexpressionofproximitytoGod.Thisisaveryhelpfulorientingprinciple,becauseonceyougraspitsrealityyouhaveimmediatelyshiftedthelevelatwhichyouareunderstandingyourexperiencefromthepersonaltothetranspersonal.Onceyoureallygetit,thatanxietyisamanifestationofproximitytoGod,thenanyothermorepersonal

explanationsoftheexperience,whileretainingsomevalid-

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ityofcourse,willbeswallowedupbythedeepermeaning.

TheotherthingJungsayshereisthatGod'sterribledoubleaspectiscomposedofaseaofgracewhichismetbyaseethinglakeoffire.IfindithelpfultorepresentthatformulationintheabbreviatedformI'veindicatedontheblackboard:

SOGsignifies"seaofgrace,"LOFsignifies"lakeoffire"theyareallorientedaroundthecentralO,andwhenyourepresentitthatwayyouhavetwotrianglespointinginoppositedirections.You'vegotthe''seaofgrace"trianglepointingdownward,andthe"lakeoffire"trianglepointingupward.ThatcorrespondstothealchemicalemblemsthatI'veindicatedonthesidethedownwardpointingtriangleinalchemysignifieswater,andanupwardpointingtrianglesignifiesfire;andwhenyoucombinethetwointheparadoxicalunionoffireandwateryougetthatso-calledSolomon'sseal,orStarofDavid.

That'swhatwehaveherewhenwecombinetheseaofgracewiththelakeoffire.JungisreferringtothisastheGod-image,thenatureoftheGod-image.

Ifanyofyouhaveanydoubtsabouthowcloselyyouliverightonthebrinkofthelakeoffire,youcandemonstrateittoyourselfinonlyafewseconds.Justexhaleandcontinuetodosountilyoucan'tstanditanymore,andyouwillimmediatelybeplungedintothelakeoffire.That'sallittakesit'srightthereinyourphysiology.

ThenextitemistheWhoreofBabylon:

Andtherecameoneofthesevenangelswhichhadthesevenvials,andtalkedwithme,sayinguntome,Comehither,Iwillshewunto

theethejudgmentofthegreatwhorethatsittethuponmanywaters:withwhomthekingsoftheearthhavecommittedfornication,andtheinhabitantsoftheearthhavebeenmadedrunkwiththewineofherfornication.Sohecarriedmeawayinthespiritintothewilderness:andIsawawomansituponascarlet-colouredbeast,fullofnamesofblasphemy,havingsevenheadsandtenhorns.Andthewomanwasarrayedinpurpleandscarletcolour,anddeckedwithgoldandpreciousstonesandpearls,havingagoldencupinherhandfullofabominationsandfilthinessofherfornication:Anduponherforeheadwasanamewritten,MYSTERY,BABYLONTHEGREAT,THEMOTHEROFHARLOTSANDABOMINATIONSOFTHEEARTH.AndIsawthewomandrunkenwiththebloodofthesaints,andwiththebloodofthemartyrsofJesus.99

Jungsaysinparagraph721thatthisGreatWhoreofBabylonis"thecounterpartoftheheavenlyJerusalem."TheheavenlyJerusalemisthegreatcitymandalafigurethatweencounterattheveryendofRevelation.TheGreatWhoreofBabylon,continuesJung,is

thechthonicequivalentofthesun-womanSophia,with,however,areversalinmoralcharacter.Iftheelectturnthemselvesinto"virgins"inhonouroftheGreatMotherSophia,agruesomefantasyoffornicationisspawnedintheunconsciousbywayofcompensation.

Whatwehavehereisthenegativeversionofthepersonificationofthecityarchetype.TheheavenlyJerusalemisthepositiveversionofthecityarchetype,andtheWhoreofBabylonisthenegativeversion.Itbringsupthewholerichsymbolismofthecity.ThecityisthesymbolicimageofthefeminineaspectoftheSelf.Babylonisitschthonicdarksecularversion,ascontrastedwithJerusalemwhichistheheavenly,spiritual,divineversion.

Aristotlesaidthatmanisapoliticalanimal.Hewasn'treferringtopoliticsasweusuallythinkofit,hewasreferringtothefactthatmanlivesinapolis,acity,andthatitischaracteristicofthehuman

conditiontoliveinthecity.Thatiswhytheveryword"civilization"hasasitsrootthewordthatmeans"city."Thecityisthemotherofitsinhabitants.Themetropolismeans,literally,the"mothercity,"sothatwhenyoureadthe"Metro''sectionoftheLosAngelesTimesyouare

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readingaboutthecityarchetypeinitslocalmanifestation.

IntheHebrewscripturesthetwogreatsymboliccitiesareBabylonandJerusalem.Jerusalemwastheholy,sacredcity,andBabylonwasthedespicable,secularcity,becauseitwasthecityofcaptivity.Itwasthecityofviceandluxury.ItwasthecitythatwashatedbytheJews.ItisallspelledoutinPsalm137,acaptivitypsalm:

BytheriversofBabylon,therewesatdown,yea,wewept,whenwerememberedZion[ZionmeansJerusalem].Wehangedourharpsuponthewillowsinthemidstthereof.Fortheretheyhadcarriedusawaycaptiverequiredofusasong;andtheythatwastedusrequiredofusmirth,saying,SingusoneofthesongsofZion.HowshallwesingtheLord'ssonginastrangeland?IfIforgetthee,OJerusalem,letmyrighthandforgethercunning....Raseit,raseit,eventothefoundationthereof.ODaughterofBabylon,whoarttobedestroyed;happyshallhebethatrewardeththeeasthouhastservedus.Happyshallhebe,thattakethanddasheththylittleonesagainstthestones.100

Babylon,fromthisperiodon,isthedespicablecitytobedestroyed,andinRevelationthatsamesymbolismwasappliedtoRome,whichwasthecitythatcontainedthewholecivilizedworldatthattime.JohncorrectlypredictedthefallofRome,althoughithappenedseveralcenturiesafterheexpectedit.Augustinewroteamassiveessayonthearchetypeofthecity,called"CityofGod,"wherehisbasicideaisthathistoryisdividedbytwocitiesformedbytwoalternativeloves:theearthlycity,createdbycreatures'loveofthemselves,andtheheavenlycitycreatedbytheloveofGod.Onegroupwantstoliveaftertheflesh,andtheotherafterthespirit;andAugustinespecificallycitestheheavenlyJerusalemasanexampleofthecityofGod,andBabylonasanexampleoftheearthlycity.Psychologicallywewouldunderstandtheearthlycitytorefertotheego,andtheheavenlycitytotheSelf.

ItisveryinterestingthatinspiteofthefactthattheemergingsplitChristianmentalityidentifiedwiththespiritandprofoundly

denigratedtheearthlycity,theWhoreofBabylonwasneverthelessrepresentedasholdingthegoldencup,theimageofsupremevalue.You

100AuthorizedVersion.

mayrememberfromourseminaronMysteriumConiunctionisthatthissameimagecomesupinRipley'sCantilena,wherethepregnantqueendrinksthebloodofthegreenlionoutofthegoldencupofBabylon.AlchemyhashereassimilatedthegoldencupofBabylon,pluckeditrightoutofRevelationandputitintoanalchemicalcontext.ThegoldencupinthehandsoftheWhoreindicatesthatsheiscarryingthesymbolismoftheSelfdespitetheauthor'sobviousintentiontodenigrateher.

InchaptersnineteenandtwentyofRevelationwereadaboutafinalbattle,andthenaResurrectionoftheDead,andtheLastJudgmentbeingmetedout,andareferencetotheBookofLife.Thisideaofresurrectionwouldsuggestthatallrepressedcontentsofthecollectivepsychearetobebroughtintoviewandaccountedfor.Itistheideathatsoonerorlatertheindividualhastotakeresponsibilityforallrepressedcontents.Youdonotgetawaywithanything,inthelongrun.Ithinkallourpsychologicaldataverifythatfact.Intheshortrun,yes,butinthelongrun,no.Thereisabookoflifethatpeoplearemeasuredby.Wefindthatinchaptertwenty:

AndIsawthedead,smallandgreat,standbeforeGod[thesearethedeadthathavebeenresurrected];andthebookswereopened;andanotherbookwasopened,whichisthebookoflife:andthedeadwerejudgedoutofthosethingswhichwerewritteninthebooks,accordingtotheirworks....Andwhosoeverwasnotfoundwritteninthebookoflifewascastintothelakeoffire.101

ThissameimagecomesupinaslightlydifferentcontextinthetenthchapterofLuke,whereChristsaystohisdisciples:

Rejoicenot,thatthespiritsaresubjectuntoyou;butratherrejoice,becauseyournamesarewritteninheaven.102

That'sanotherreferencetohavingyournamewritteninthebookoflife.Thisimageofthe''bigbook"comesupindreamseverynowand

then,andwhenyoucomeacrossityoucanthinkofthisparticularpassageinRevelation.Iunderstandtheimageaspicturingone'sdefinitiverelationtotheSelf.

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Sofaraswecanperceive,sofarasourexperiencegoes,thereisnoautomaticguaranteeatallthatifonelivesalifeincontinualviolationoftherealitiesoftheSelfonewilleventuallybeforgiven.Thereisn'tanyevidenceofthatatall.Thewholequestionof"Arethereindeeddammedsouls?"canbeputpsychologically:"IsitpossibletobepermanentlybanishedbytheSelfbecauseofanegolifesoegregiouslyinviolationoftheSelfthatithasbecomeunredeemable?"Wecannotanswerthatquestioninanyfinalsense,butitismyimpressionthatindeedtherearesuchthingsasdamnedsouls.

AttheendoftheBookofRevelationwearepresentedwiththegrandimageoftheheavenlyJerusalemdescendingfromheaven,startingwiththetwenty-firstchapter,verse10:

Andhecarriedmeawayinthespirittoagreatandhighmountain,andshewedmethatgreatcity,theholyJerusalem,descendingoutofheavenfromGod,Andherlightwaslike...ajasperstone,clearascrystal.Thewallhadtwelvegates.Ontheeastthreegates,onthenorththreegates,onthesouththreegates,onthewestthreegates[itisagreatmandalaimage].Anditwasfoursquare,12,000furlongsineachdirection.Anditwasmadeofjasperandpuregold,allmannerofpreciousstones,sapphire,calcedon,emerald,sardonyx,etc.Andtwelvegatesweretwelvepearls[wherewegettheideaofthe"pearlygatestoheaven].Thestreetsofthecitywerepuregold.Andtherewasnotemplethere,fortheLordGodAlmighty...[is]thetempleofit.103

Andthenstartingwiththetwenty-secondchapter:

ApureriverofthewateroflifeproceededoutofthethroneofGod,andflowedthroughthecity.Thetreeoflifewasbloomingonit.104

ThenRevelationgoesontospeakofthemarriageoftheLambwiththeheavenlyJerusalem.

AfterdescribingthedescentoftheheavenlyJerusaleminjustthisway,JunggoesontocompareitwiththevisionofEzekielandin

paragraph727refersto

afourfoldsynthesisofunconsciousluminosities...ofwhichthedescriptionoftheheavenlycityremindsus:everythingsparkleswith

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preciousgems,crystal,andglass,incompleteaccordancewithEzekiel'svisionofGod.AndjustasthehierosgamosunitesYahwehwithSophia...thusrestoringtheoriginalpleromaticstate,sotheparalleldescriptionofGodandcitypointstotheircommonnature:theyareoriginallyone,asinglehermaphroditicbeing,anarchetypeofthegreatestuniversality.

SowhatwehaveherethenisthefinalconiunctioimageinwhichtheHeavenlyCityismarriedtotheSacredLamb.Thatisthefinalconiunctio,andthatparticularimagerythenshowsupinJung'sgrandconiunctiovisionwhichhedescribesinMemories,Dreams,Reflections.105

ThenextitemisaremarkJungmakesinparagraph716inwhichhearticulatesanimportantoperativeprinciple:

Asatotality,theselfisbydefinitionalwaysacomplexiooppositorum,andthemoreconsciousnessinsistsonitsownluminousnatureandlaysclaimtomoralauthority,themoretheselfwillappearassomethingdarkandmenacing.

IntheBookofRevelationtheSelfappearsassomethingprofoundlydarkandmenacing,andwegetsmallversionsofthisscenarioindreamsallthetimethreateningdreams.IthinkwecansaythatthreateningdreamsregularlyhaveatleastafaintreferencetoRevelationimagery.Inanalyzingsuchadreamthefirstthingthatonehastodetermineisthenatureoftheconsciousattitudethatisconstellatingadarkandmenacingresponsefromtheunconscious.Jungoffersusguidancehere,saying:

Themoreconsciousnessinsistsonitsownluminousnatureandlaysclaimtomoralauthority[i.e.,themoreitisconvincedofitsrightness],themoretheselfwillappearassomethingdarkandmenacing.

Anotheritem:YouwillhavenoticedthatJunggivesJohnadoubleinterpretation.First,inparagraph708,talkingabouttheBookofRevelationhewrites:

WenolongerrecognizethemeekLambwholetshimselfbeledunresistinglytotheslaughter;thereisonlytheaggressiveandirascibleramwhoseragecanatlastbevented.InallthisIseelessameta-

105Seeabove,p.64.

physicalmysterythantheoutburstoflongpent-upnegativefeelingssuchascanfrequentlybeobservedinpeoplewhostriveforperfection.

HereJungisgivingusapersonalisticinterpretationoftheragefulstateofaffairsintheBookofRevelation.Butthenweturntoparagraph717andhehaschangedhistune:

ButJohn'sproblemwasnotapersonalone.Itwasnotaquestionofhispersonalunconsciousorofanoutburstofillhumour,butofvisionswhichcameupfromafargreaterandmorecomprehensivedepth,namelyfromthecollectiveunconscious.Hisproblemexpressesitselffartoomuchincollectiveandarchetypalformsforustoreduceittoamerelypersonalsituation.Todosowouldbealtogethertooeasyaswellasbeingwrongintheoryandpractice....TheeyeofJohnpenetratesintothedistantfutureoftheChristianaeonandintothedarkabyssofthoseforceswhichhisChristianitykeptinequilibrium.Whatburstuponhimisthestormofthetimes,thepremonitionofatremendousenantiodromia.

Howarewetounderstandthisapparentreversal?Thisisn'ttheonlyoccasiononwhichJungcanbeaccusedofbeinginconsistent.Youcanalmostsayheisconsistentlyinconsistent,andthatisbecauseheisalwayskeenlyawareoftheoperationoftheopposites.Boththepersonalandthearchetypalareappropriate,andwhichoneistobeemphasizedinagivensituationoftendependsonclinicaljudgment.Butcertainlywheneveronehasdreammaterialthathasclearcollectiveimagery(asintheBookofRevelation),weareinformedimmediatelythattheissueismorethanapersonalone.Thatdoesn'tmeanitisnotpersonalatall,itjustmeansitismorethanapersonalissue.

Butinorderforanyonetotuneintoanarchetypalorcollectiveissue,onehastohaveatleastasmatteringofthesamematerialinhispersonalpsychologyinordertoopenthegate.Thatisusuallyeasyenoughsinceweareindividuallymembersofthecollectivepsychiccircumstancethatsurroundsus,thereforeitsissuesarealsogoingto

penetrateuspersonallytoagreaterorlesserextent.ButthepointisthatbothofJung'sinterpretationsofJohn,thepersonalandthecollective,areright.AndinstudyingthismaterialwecanseejusthowJungmightproceedwithadreaminterpretation.He'dstartoutexam-

iningthepersonaldimensionofthesymbolism,andthen,perceivingthattheimagerywasnotadequatelyexplainedonthatlevel,hewouldgoontothearchetypalinterpretation.

Paragraph738:

TheparadoxicalnatureofGodhasalikeeffectonman:ittearshimasunderintooppositesanddelivershimovertoaseeminglyinsolubleconflict.Whathappensinsuchacondition?...Thereare,forexample,conflictsofdutynooneknowshowtosolve.Consciousnessonlyknows:tertiumnondatur![Athirdisnotgiven.]Thedoctorthereforeadviseshispatienttowaitandseewhethertheunconsciouswillnotproduceadreamwhichproposesanirrationalandthereforeunexpectedthirdthingasasolution.Asexperienceshows,symbolsofareconcilingandunitivenaturedoinfactturnupindreams...signifyingtheunionofopposites.

AsIsaidearlier,thesymptomofanxietyisamanifestationofproximitytoGod.Jungisnowaddingtothatpropositionanother:thatastateofconflictisasymptomofproximitytoGod.ConflictmeansthatoneisinthevicinityoftheparadoxicalGodnature,andthatproximityhastheeffectoftearingoneasunderintoopposites.Whenthathappenstheprescriptionistowaitendureandwaitforthethird.

Thesameissueiscontinuedinparagraph739:

TheoppositionbetweenGodandmanintheChristianviewmaywellbeaYahwisticlegacyfromoldentimes,whenthemetaphysicalproblemconsistedsolelyinYahweh'srelationswithhispeople.ThefearofYahwehwasstilltoogreatforanybodytodaredespiteJob'sgnosistolodgetheantinomyinDeityitself.ButifyoukeeptheoppositionbetweenGodandman,thenyoufinallyarrive,whetheryoulikeitornot,attheChristianconclusion,"omnebonumaDeo,omnemalumabhomine"[allgoodfromGod,allbadfromman],withtheabsurdresultthatthecreatureisplacedinoppositiontoitscreatorandapositivelycosmicordaemonicgrandeurinevilisimputedtoman.

Here'sanotherveryimportantJungianprinciple,thattheopposites

resideintheGod-image.Thatmeansgoodandevil,aswellastheotheropposites,areattributesoftheGod-imageitself.Iftheegofallsintoanidentificationwitheitheroneofapairofopposites,itisthen

onitswaytotheabsurdresultthatJungalludesto.Itiseasyenoughtostatethisprinciple,butitisnotsoeasytointegrateandapplyinactualpsychologicallife,becausetheearlydevelopmentoftheegoisbasedontakingresponsibilityforeverythingthatgoesoninthepsyche.SoitrequiresarevolutionarychangeinattitudetoposittheoppositesasresidingintheGod-imageratherthanintheego.

Paragraph740containsaveryimportantstatement,awonderfulstatement:

Yahweh'sdecisiontobecomemanisasymbolofthedevelopmentthathadtosupervenewhenmanbecomesconsciousofthesortofGod-imageheisconfrontedwith.Godactsoutoftheunconsciousofmanandforceshimtoharmonizeandunitetheopposinginfluencestowhichhismindisexposedfromtheunconscious.Theunconsciouswantsboth:todivideandtounite.Inhisstrivingforunity,therefore,manmayalwayscountonthehelpofametaphysicaladvocate,asJobclearlyrecognized.Theunconsciouswantstoflowintoconsciousnessinordertoreachthelight,butatthesametimeitcontinuallythwartsitself,becauseitwouldratherremainunconscious.[Becauseitiscomposedofopposites,thatiswhyitdoesthesecontradictorythings.]Thatistosay,Godwantstobecomeman,butnotquite.

Andfromparagraph746:

Theonlythingthatreallymattersnowiswhethermancanclimbuptoahighermorallevel,toahigherplaneofconsciousness,inordertobeequaltothesuperhumanpowerswhichthefallenangelshave[passed]intohishands.106

Andthenfinally,attheendofparagraph747,themistherepregnantstatement:

Sincehehasbeengrantedanalmostgodlikepower,hecannolongerremainblindandunconscious.HemustknowsomethingofGod'snatureandofmetaphysicalprocessesifheistounderstandhimselfandtherebyachievegnosisoftheDivine.

InpracticaltermsItakethistomeanthatwheneverwearepre-

106Thetexthas"played,"butIthink"passed"isabettertranslationthefallenangelshavehandedthemover.

sentedwitharchetypaldreamsitisnearlyalwaysourobligationtobringintheso-calledmetaphysicaldimensionoftheindividual'sexistence,becausethedreamsareaskingforthatleveltobeincluded.Archetypaldreamsareexamplesofthefallenangelspassingonthisdivineknowledgetotheego,anditisimportantthattheegopickuponwhatisbeingpassedontoit,andnotturnaway.

12Paragraphs748758,AssumptionofMaryandSummaryThechieftopictonightconcernsthenewdogmaoftheAssumptionoftheVirginMary.InNovemberof1950PopePiusXIIproclaimedasdogmathebodilyassumptionoftheVirginMaryintoheaven.NowthisimageandideahadbeenprominentintheChurchforalmostathousandyears.TherehasbeenafeastdayoftheAssumptionoftheVirgin,whichisheldonAugust15ofeachyear.ThisimageoftheAssumptionandCoronationoftheVirginintoheavenisamajorimageinmedievalChristianart,sotheimagehasbeenaroundforalongtime.What'snewisthatithasbeendogmatized.

Here'swhatthearthistorianJamesHallsaysaboutit:

FormanycenturiescelebratedasaChurchfestival,theAssumptionwasin1950declaredanarticleoffaithbyPiusXII.Thereisnoscripturalfoundationforthebeliefwhichrestsontheapocryphalliteratureofthe3rdand4thcents.,andontheTraditionoftheCatholicChurch.ItformsthecontinuationofthenarrativeoftheDEATHOFTHEVIRGIN.The13thcent.,aperiodwhenthecultoftheVirginwasardentlyfostered,sawtheappearanceoftheGoldenLegend,apopularsource-bookforartists,inwhichtheapocryphalstorywasretold.[Accordingtothisstory]AstheapostlesweresittingbytheVirgin'stombonthethirdday,[aftershehadbeenburiedforthreedays]ChristappearedtothemalongwithSt.MichaelwhobroughtwithhimtheVirgin'ssoul."AndanonthesoulcameagaintothebodyofMary[which]issuedgloriouslyoutofthetomb,andthuswasreceivedintheheavenlychamber[with]agreatcompanyofangelswithher."107

AcorrespondingimageisthatoftheCoronationoftheVirgin.InthisimagetheVirginMaryisshownasalreadyhavingarrivedinheaven,andChristisintheactofplacingacrownonherhead.

IwanttoreadyouaportionoftheproclamationofPopePiusXII

107JamesHall,DictionaryofSubjectsandSymbolsinArt,p.34.

togiveyoutheflavorofthis.JungconsideredthedogmaoftheAssumptionofMarytobe''themostimportantreligiouseventsincetheReformation."108It'sanastonishingremark.TheproclamationofPopePiusXIIisalengthydocumentinwhichtheancientsourcesareextensivelyquoted.WhatIamgoingtoreadyouisonlyasmallportionofit.ThebookonChurchteachingsthatI'mquotingfromintroducesitwiththisstatement:

OnNovember1,1950,PopePiusXIIdefinedtheAssumptionoftheBlessedVirginintoheavenasadogmaoffaith,leavingthedisputeaboutwhetherornotMarydiedanopenquestion.ThePoperespondedtothepetitionsofthebishopsandthepriestsandthefaithfulbygivinghonortotheBlessedVirginwiththissolemndefinition.TheAssumptionoftheBlessedVirgin,bodyandsoul,intoheavenisanotherofthegreatprivilegesconcededtoherbyGodforconsentingtobeHismother.109

Andhereisthequotefromtheproclamationofthedogma:

TheUniversalChurchinwhichtheSpiritofTruthdwells[rememberthatI'vealreadyspokenofhowtheChurchhastakenovertheHolyGhostasitsown,andherethat'sexplicitlystated;theSpiritofTruthisasynonymfortheHolyGhost],andwhichheinfalliblyguidestoperfectknowledgeofrevealedtruths,hasshownitsfaithmanytimesinthecourseofthecenturies.BishopsfromallovertheworldwithalmostperfectunanimityhavepetitionedthatthetruthofthecorporealAssumptionoftheBlessedVirginMaryintoheavenbedefinedasdogmaofthedivineCatholicfaith.Thetruthofthisdogmaisbasedonsacredscriptureandisdeeplyrootedintheheartsofthefaithful.itissanctionedbytheworshipoftheChurchinthemostancienttimes.Itiscompletelyconsonantwithallotherrevealedtruths.Ithasbeenexplainedandproclaimedbythestudy,theknowledgeandwisdomoftheologians.Inconsiderationofallthesereasons,WejudgethatinGod'sprovidencethetimehascometoproclaimsolemnlythiswonderfulprivilegeoftheVirginMary....

Wetherefore,afterhumblyandrepeatedlyprayingtoGod,andcallinguponthelightoftheSpiritofTruth,thegloryofalmightyGod,whohas

showngreatandparticularlovefortheVirginMary,

108"AnswertoJob,"PsychologyandReligion,CW11,par.752.109JesuitFathersofSt.Mary'sCollege(St.Mary's,Kansas),TheChurchTeaches:DocumentsoftheChurchinEnglishTranslation,p.212.

forthehonorofhisSon,thekingofimmortalagesandtheconquerorofsinanddeath,fortheincreaseofthegloryofhisgreatmother,forthejoyandexaltationofthewholeChurch,bytheauthorityofourLordJesusChrist,oftheblessedapostlesPeterandPaul,andbyOurownauthority,dopronounce,declareanddefineasadivinelyrevealeddogma:TheImmaculateMotherofGod,MaryeverVirgin,afterherlifeonearth,wasassumed,bodyandsoul,tothegloryofheaven.110

That'stheproclamationJungconsidersthemostimportantreligiouseventsincetheReformation.HediscussesthismatterfurtherinMysteriumConiunctionis,wherehepointsoutthattheAssumptionofMaryintoheavenchangestheTrinityintoaquaternity:

TheChristianTrinityisabletomaintainitselfassuchonlybyeliminatingthefourthprotagonistofthedivinedrama.Ifhewereincludedtherewouldbe,notaTrinity,butaChristianQuaternity.Foralongtimetherehadbeenapsychologicalneedforthis,asevidentfromthemedievalpicturesoftheAssumptionandCoronationoftheVirgin....TherecentpromulgationofthedogmaoftheAssumptionemphasizesthetakingupnotonlyofthesoulbutofthebodyofMaryintotheTrinity,thusmakingadogmaticrealityofthosemedievalrepresentationsofthequaternitywhichareconstructedonthefollowingpattern:111

TheabovepatternisaquaternityembodyingthetermsChrist,HolyGhostandGodtheFather,whichistheTrinity,withthefourthaddedterm,Mary.

110Ibid.,p.213.111MysteriumConiunctionis,CW14,par.237;seealsoEdinger,The

ChristianArchetype,p.134.

Nowitisveryinterestinghow,aswithsomanyofthesereligiousandmetaphysicalimages,alchemyhaspickeduptheimageoftheAssumptionandappliedittothealchemicalopus.ThereareanumberofalchemicalpictureswhichdepicttheAssumptionandCoronationoftheVirginMaryasapartofthealchemicalprocedure.Alchemyfunctionsasanintermediarybetweenthereligiouscontextoftheimageryanditsmodernpsychologicalcontext.Alchemyservesthefunctionofpluckingtheimageoutofitsreligiouscontextanddepositingitinthealchemicalcontextthecontextofworkinginthelaboratory.AndthenJungcamealongandpluckedtheimagesofalchemyoutoftheiralchemicalcontextandplacedthemsquarelyintothepsyche.Butwereallyneedthatintermediateoperationbecauseitdemonstratesthatitisthepsycheitselfwhichistakingtheimagesoutofthereligiouscontext,anditdemonstratesthatthehumanegoisn'tdoingitarbitrarily.Ithasalreadybeendoneforusbythepsyche.

Ihaveplacedontheboardaremarkableexampleofsuchanalchemicalpicture(nextpage).ItisreproducedfromReusner'sPandora.ItalkaboutthispictureinTheChristianArchetypebecauseitisjustamarvelousexampleofhowthealchemicalprocesshasbeensuperimposedonthemetaphysicalimage.112

Thepicturehasanupperlevelandalowerlevel.OntheupperlevelMaryhasjustarrivedinheavenandbeencrowned.GodtheFatherisononesideofherandGodtheSonisontheotherside,withGodtheHolyGhostrepresentedasadoveaboveher.WithherarrivalinheaventheTrinityhasbeenturnedintoaquaternity.Atthelowerlevelahunkofamorphousmatterispictured,andastrange,bizarrecreatureisbeingpulledoutofthatlump.JungdescribesthepictureastheextractionofMercuriusfromtheprimamateria:

Theextractedspiritappearsinmonstrousform...thearmsaresnakesandthelowerhalfofthebodyresemblesastylizedfish'stail....Thisis

withoutdoubttheanimamundiwhohasbeenfreedfromtheshacklesofmatter,thefiliusmacrocosmi...who,becauseofhisdoublenature,isnotonlyspiritualandphysicalbutunitesinhimselfthemorallyhighestandlowest.113

112TheChristianArchetype,p.135.SeealsoPsychologyandAlchemy,CW12,fig.232.113MysteriumConiunctionis,CW14,par.238.

CoronationoftheVirginandtheExtractionofMercurius(fromReusner'sPandora,1588)

ThisisanastonishingimagetobesuperimposeduponthecelestialphenomenonofMarybeingwelcomedintoheavenafreakishcreatureasanembodimentofthespiritMercuriusbeingpulledoutofcrudematter.

Here'swhatJungsaysabouttheAssumptioninparagraph748:

Thenuptialunion[betweentheTrinityandMary]inthethalamus(bridal-chamber)signifiesthehierosgamos,andthisinturnisthefirststeptowardsincarnation,towardsthebirthofthesaviourwho,sinceantiquity,wasthoughtofasthefiliussolisetlunae,thefiliussapientiae,andtheequivalentofChrist.When,therefore,alongingfortheexaltationoftheMotherofGodpassesthroughthepeople,thistendency,ifthoughttoitslogicalconclusion,meansthedesireforthebirthofasaviour,apeacemaker,a''mediatorpacemfaciensinterinimicos"[mediatormakingpeacebetweenenemies].Althoughheisalreadyborninthepleroma,hisbirthintimecanonlybeaccomplishedwhenitisperceived,recognized,anddeclaredbyman.

WhatJungisheretellingusisthatthebirthofthesaviorwhichfollowsthehierosgamoscorrespondstotheextractionofMercuriusfromthelumpoftheprimamateria.That'sthesaviorbirthasitappearsalchemically.

Thenagain,inparagraph755:

ThedogmatizationoftheAssumptioMariaepointstothehierosgamosinthepleroma,andthisinturnimplies,aswehavesaid,thefuturebirthofthedivinechildwho,inaccordancewiththedivinetrendtowardsincarnation,willchooseashisbirthplacetheempiricalman.

SothatamorphouslumpfromwhichMercuriusisbeingextractedistheempiricalman,theempiricalyouandI,empiricalmanandwoman.Jungcontinuesinparagraph755:

Themetaphysicalprocessisknowntothepsychologyoftheunconsciousastheindividuationprocess.

ThereasonJungcangrantsuchsuperlativeimportancetothedogmaoftheAssumptionisbecauseherecognizesthatpromulgationofthedogmaoftheAssumptionoccurssynchronisticallysimultaneouslywithhisdiscoveryandelaborationoftheconiunctiobecauseithappensthatthatdogmawasproclaimedin1950inthemid-

dleofthesamedecadeinwhichJungspelledoutthepsychologyoftheconiunctioinhistwoworks,PsychologyoftheTransference,firstpublishedin1946,andMysteriumConiunctionis,firstpublishedin1955.ThedogmaoftheAssumptionsynchronisticallycoincideswiththediscoveryoftheconiunctio.

ThisannouncementoftheAssumptionofMarybodilyintoheavenisthelatesteventintheprocessofthetransformationoftheGod-image.TheGod-imagehasnowbeentransformedfromaTrinityintoaquaternity.Withtheadditionofthefeminineandcorporealaspectsofexistence,togetherwithallthedarkqualitiesthatbelongtoflesh,theGod-imagenowhasbeencompletedsothatitcontainsthecompleterangeofoppositesmale/female,spirit/earth,good/evil.

Summary

WithourremainingtimeI'dliketoreviewthebookwe'vebeenthrough,toremindyouofitsbasiccontent.InthefirstsentenceofAnswertoJobyourememberthatJungspeaksofthelonghistoricaldevelopmentorevolutionaryprocessofthedivinedrama.Iemphasizedthatphrase,"divinedrama."Thissentencestrikesthekeynotefortheentirebook,becauseAnswertoJoblaysbeforeusagrandpanoramaoftheevolutionoftheGod-imageasithastakenplaceintheWesternpsyche.Letmeremindyouofwhatthestageshavebeen.

WefirsttakeuptheGod-imageinthepolymorphousconfusionofearlyGreekpantheismwhichgraduallyunifiedlooselyunderthehegemonyofZeus.Theotherdeities,however,werepermittedconsiderableautonomy,sothatperpetualconflictsandargumentstookplaceinthedivinerealm.Inaddition,Zeuswasnotparticularlyinterestedinhumanbeings.Hehadnoneedforthem.Neverthelesshumanbeingswereforcedtoenduretheconflictsofthegods,who

wereperpetuallyinterferingwithhumanaffairsonearth.Theyhadtoputupwithbeingvictimizedbythesewarringgodswithoutthecompensationofredemptivemeaningtoexplainwhatwasgoingon.Thatmeansthenthatlifeinantiquitywasessentiallytragic,justbyitsnature.

ButtheGod-imageunderwentaradicaltransformationwiththearrivalofYahwehasthetribalgodofasmallbandofSemiticherds-

men.Yahwehneededmaninordertorealizehimself,andhethereforemadeacontractwithIsraeltobetheironeGod,andthusmonotheismwasborn.VeryshortlyafterwardYahwehrevealedthathewasnotjustatribalgod,buttheuniversalCreatorGodwhosescopeincludedthewholeuniverse.Yahwehwasamixtureofopposites:hewasbothlovingandwrathful,creativeanddestructive.Attimeshewasprofoundlykindandmerciful,andothertimeshewouldfallintotantrumsofdestructiverage.Andalwayshedemandedpraiseandgloryforhimself,andherequiredconstantbloodyanimalsacrificestopropitiatehim.

ThenextmajortransformationoccurredfollowingJob'sencounterwithYahweh.Byholdingtohisintegrity,hisconsciousness,JobwasgrantedaglimpseofYahweh'sbacksidetheabysmalworldofshards;andhecametorealizethatYahwehwasaphenomenonandnotaman.AtthispointhumanegoconsciousnesssurpassedGod'sconsciousness,andinordertocatchupYahwehwasobligedtorectifyhiscrimeagainstmanbybecomingmanhimself,byincarnating.AndsoChristthesonofYahwehwasbornthegoodson.Hislifeperformedadoublefunction:

1)HepreachedanewimageofGod,namelythatofalovingfatherinwhomthereisnodarkness.

2)AstheincarnatedYahwehwhohadwrongedJob,hesubmittedhimselftopunishmentforthatcrime,andasJungtellsus:

Asaconsequencethesacrificewasaself-destructionoftheamoralGod,incarnatedinamortalbody.Thusthesacrificetakesontheaspectofahighlymoraldeed,ofaself-punishment,asitwere.114

AtthesametimethatChristthegoodsonofYahwehwasborn,however,Satantheevilsonwascastoutofheaven,sothatadecisiveseparatiotookplaceintheGod-image,withthedarkevilaspectbeing

splitoffandrepressed.However,theBookofRevelationpredictsthatattheendoftheaeontherewillbeareturnoftherepressedthroughenantiodromiaandwewillthenbedealingwiththeoppositeofthegoodson.

ThenintheearlyChristiancenturiesthedoctrineofGodastheTrinitywaselaborated.Femininitywasnotvisible,thoughtracesof

114Letters,vol.2,p.313;seealsoabove,p.95.

itmaybefoundintheandrogynyofChristandalsointheconnectionsthattheHolyGhostretainssymbolicallywithAphrodite.Notablytheysharetheimageofthedove.

FinallyintheChristianaeon,inaccordancewiththeenantiodromiaIjustreferredto,theGod-imageundergoesanothermassivetransformationwhichisindicatedbytheimageoftheAssumptionofMaryintoheaven.NowtheTrinitariangodhasbecomeaquaternity,andfleshlyhumanity,withallofitsdarknessandambiguity,hasbecomepartofthetotality.Thisindicatesasecondhierosgamosinthepleroma,tobefollowedbyafurtherincarnation,thistimeinsinfulman,whichwillbringaboutthe"Christificationofmany"[par.758],whichJungsaysisknownpsychologicallyasindividuation.

InthelastfewminutesIwouldliketogivethefinalwordstoJung.I'veculledoutafewquotations,sequentially,toremindyouofthecontentofAnswertoJob.

Igrieveforyoumybrother.[Epigraph,modified]

InwhatfollowsIshallspeakofthevenerableobjectsofreligiousbelief.Whoevertalksofsuchmattersinevitablyrunstheriskofbeingtorntopiecesbythetwopartieswhoareinmortalconflictaboutthoseverythings.[par.553]

"Physical"isnottheonlycriterionoftruth:therearealsopsychictruths.[par.553]

ThestatementsmadeintheHolyScripturesarealsoutterancesofthesoul.[par.557]

TheBookofJobservesasaparadigmforacertainexperienceofGodwhichhasaveryspecialsignificanceforourtime.[par.562,modified]

Existenceisonlyrealwhenitisconscioustosomebody.ThatiswhytheCreatorneedsconsciousman.[par.575]

Becauseofhislittleness,puniness,anddefenselessnessagainsttheAlmighty[man]possesses...asomewhatkeenerconsciousnessbasedonself-reflection.[par.579]

JobisnomorethantheoutwardoccasionforaninwardprocessofdialecticinGod.[par.587]

Jobischallengedasthoughhehimselfwereagod.[par.594]

Mortalmanisraisedbyhismoralbehaviourabovethestarsinheaven,fromwhichpositionofadvantagehecanbeholdthebackofYahweh,theabysmalworldof"shards."[par.595]

Thenaiveassumptionthatthecreatoroftheworldisaconsciousbeingmustberegardedasadisastrousprejudice.[par.600,n.13]

WhoeverknowsGodhasaneffectonhim.ThefailureoftheattempttocorruptJobhaschangedYahweh'snature.[par.617]

YahwehhadlostsightofhispleromaticcoexistencewithSophia.[par.620]

Wisdomrevealsherselftomenasafriendlyhelperandadvocate.[par.623]

Goddesirestoregeneratehimselfinthemysteryoftheheavenlynuptials.[par.624]

[WhenGodbecomesman]itmeansnothinglessthanaworld-shakingtransformationofGod.[par.631]

GodisRealityitselfandthereforelastbutnotleastman.Thisrealizationisamillennialprocess.[par.631]

Yahwehmustbecomemanpreciselybecausehehasdonemanawrong.[par.640]

AsaresultofthepartialneutralizationofSatan,YahwehidentifieswithhislightaspectandbecomesthegoodGod.[par.651]

Theattempttosecureanabsoluteandfinalvictoryforgoodisboundtoleadtoadangerousaccumulationofevilandhencetocatastrophe.[par.653]

Thecontinuing,directoperationoftheHolyGhostonthosewhoarecalled

tobeGod'schildrenimplies...abroadeningprocessofincarnation.[par.658]

AlloppositesareofGod,thereforemanmustbendtothisburden;andinsodoinghefindsthatGodinhis"oppositeness"hastaken

possessionofhim,incarnatedhimselfinhim.Hebecomesavesselfilledwithdivineconflict.[par.659]

TheimagoDeipervadesthewholehumansphereandisinvoluntarilyrepresentedbymankind.[par.660,modified]

[Ezekiel's]firstgreatvisionismadeupoftwowell-orderedcompoundquaternities...[andtheirquintessence]isrepresentedbyafigurewhichhas"thelikenessofahumanform."[par.665]

Ezekielgrasped,inasymbol,thefactthatYahwehwasdrawingclosertoman.[par.667]

Theencounterwiththecreaturechangesthecreator....ThetwomainclimaxesareformedfirstlybytheJobtragedy,andsecondlybyEzekiel'srevelation.[par.686]

[TheParaclete,orHolyGhost(theSpiritofTruthandWisdom)]fromnowonshallmakehisabodeincreaturelyman.SinceheistheThirdPersonoftheDeity,thisisasmuchastosaythatGodwillbebegottenincreaturelyman.[par.692]

ThefutureindwellingoftheHolyGhostinmanamountstoacontinuingincarnationofGod.[par.693]

[Inthesun-moonwomanepisodeinRevelation]theman-childis"caughtup"toGod....Thiswouldseemtoindicatethatthechild-figurewillremainlatentforanindefinitetimeandthatitsactivityisreservedforthefuture.[Thefutureisnow.][par.713]

John'sproblemwasnotapersonalone....Whatburstuponhimisthestormofthetimes,premonitionofatremendousenantiodromia.[par.717]

Godhasaterribledoubleaspect:aseaofgraceismetbyaseethinglakeoffire,andthelightofloveglowswithafiercedarkheat...itburnsbutgivesnolight.Thatistheeternal,asdistinctfromthetemporal,gospel:onecanloveGodbutmustfearhim.[par.733]

Godactsoutoftheunconsciousofmanandforceshimtoharmonizeandunitetheopposinginfluencestowhichhismindisexposedfromthe

unconscious.Theunconsciouswantsboth:todivideandtounite....Godwantstobecomeman,butnotquite.[par.740]

Everythingnowdependsonman.[par.745]

SincetheapocalypsewenowknowagainthatGodisnotonlytobelovedbutalsotobefeared.Hefillsuswithevilaswellaswithgood,otherwisehewouldnotneedtobefeared;andbecausehewantstobecomeman,theunitingofhisantinomymusttakeplaceinman....[Man]cannolongerremainblindandunconscious.HemustknowsomethingofGod'snatureandofmetaphysicalprocessesifheistounderstandhimselfandtherebyachievegnosisoftheDivine.[par.747]

ThedogmaoftheAssumption[oftheVirginMary]...IconsidertobethemostimportantreligiouseventsincetheReformation.[par.752]

ThedogmatizationoftheAssumptioMariaepointstothehierosgamosinthepleroma,andthisinturnimplies...thefuturebirthofthedivinechild,who,inaccordancewiththedivinetrendtowardsincarnation,willchooseashisbirthplacetheempiricalman.Themetaphysicalprocessisknowntothepsychologyoftheunconsciousastheindividuationprocess.[par.755]

TheindwellingoftheHolyGhost,thethirdDivinePerson,inman,bringsaboutaChristificationofmany....[InordertoavoidinflationinsuchasituationonemustrememberthethorninthefleshofSt.Paul.]Thatistosay,eventheenlightenedpersonremainswhatheis,andisnevermorethanhisownlimitedegobeforetheOnewhodwellswithinhim,whoseformhasnoknowableboundaries,whoencompasseshimonallsides,fathomlessastheabysmsoftheearthandvastasthesky.[par.758]

AndwiththatremarkJungendsAnswertoJobandIendthiscourse.

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Index

A

Abel,61,65

activeimagination,34,77

Adam,61,65

affect,35-37

Aion,11,18,21-22,65,83

alchemy,21-22,56,71-72,81,90,114,117,127

amplification,107-110

analysis,practiceof,31,36,61,65-67,77,80,93,98-99,119-120

AnatomyofthePsyche,The,74,104,109

AncientofDays,84

angels,74-75,85-86,106,113,122-123

anima,30,57,60,62

animamundi,127

animalsacrifice,94,131

animism,32-33

animus,57,60

AnswertoJob:genesisof,11,17-19,21-22,65

importancetoJung,20-21

meaningoftitle,19

Anthropos,90

Antichrist,11-12,21-22

antinomy,37,40,49,121

anxiety,113-114,121

Aphrodite,132

Apocalypse,132

apocalypticimagery,100-103

Apocrypha,54-55

archetypes/archetypalimag(es),28-31,53,56,62,66,68-69,77,81,87,89-90,95,98100,106-110,115,120

archetypusmundus,56

AssumptionofVirginMary,124-130,132

atheism,92-93

Augustine,116

AuroraConsurgens,56

auseinandersetzung,89

autism,43

AxiomofMaria,85

B

Babylon,100,114-117

Behemoth,86

Blake,William,36

bookoflife,117-118

C

Cabala,50-51

Cain,61

cancerphobia,13-14

Cantilena,117

catastrophe,reactionto,40-41

cathedra,107

chairarchetype,107

child:divine,127

spoiled,45

Chochma,53

chosenpeople,43-44,60

Christ,11-12,56,61,63,66-67,70,72-78,83,89,91,93-98,104-105,117,124-126,131-132

ChristianArchetype,The,127

Christianity,11-12,21-22,72,74-78,80,83,97-98,116-118,121,124,130-132

"Christificationofmany,"132

ChymicalWeddingofChristianRosencreutz,109

cityarchetype,115-116

coagulatio,74,109-110

collectiveunconscious,12-14,28,35-37,53,64,68,71-72,80-82,100,120

compensation,47-48,63,66-67,98-99,115

completeness,66-67,111

complex(es),13-14,52,60

complexiooppositorum,22,119

conflict,25,70-71,80-81,121,130

coniunctio,49,109,112,119,129-130

consciousness:

birthof,32-33,58

andconflict,70-71

ofcontrasexualother,57

developmentof,45-50,58,61

effectonGod,61-64,73

andGod-image,11-12,19

transpersonaldimension,52

container,andcontained,58-59

continuingincarnation,77-78,96-97,112

CoronationoftheVirgin,124,127-128

covenant,39-40,60,131

CreationofConsciousness,The,42

creationists,33

creativity,69-70

creature,andcreator,92-93

credocontainment,92-93

crucifixion,70,91

D

damnedsouls,118

Daniel'svision,82,84,89,106

David,andJonathan,24-26

differentiation,82-85,88-89

Dionysos,70

discrimination,104-106

dismemberment,70

divinechild,127

divinedrama,32-34,49,57,69,91,130

dream(s):13,32,53,73,98-99,107

ofape-likeman,42-43

archetypal,123

ofbeingmarked,109

ofbookoflife,117

collectiveimageryin,120-121

compensatory,98-99

ofendoftheworld,100-103

ofgiants,87

ofpiedividedup,111

ofpieceofmoonfalling,109

reconcilingsymbolsin,121

ofterrorists,110

threatening,119

Dürer,Albrecht,104-105

E

Ecclesiasticus,54-55

ego:andarchetype,68-69

containedbycreed,92

first-andsecond-stage,25

asincarnatingagent,74-75,89

relativizationof,100-101

andSelf,28-30,43-51,57-60,62,69,76-77,89,92-93,100-101,116,118

andshadow,30-31

andsuffering,36-37

transformationof,36-37,89

EgoandArchetype,45,110

Eighty-ninthPsalm,39

elixirpermanens,81

Emerson,RalphWaldo,47-48

EnSoph,50

enantiodromia,11,66,120,131-132

endoftheworldarchetype,100-103

Enoch,Bookof,74,82,84-87,89

Eros,63-64

evil,21-22,30-31,37,51,73-74,121,130

evolution,32-33,93

Exodus,38-39

EyeofGod,100

Ezekiel'svision,82-85,89,91,98,118-119

F

fallenangels,74-75,85-86,122-123

Faust,88

feminineprinciple,66-67,130-132

filiusmacrocosmi,127

filiusphilosophorum,90

fire,lakeof,100,113-114,117

FirstMan,50

flood,87

Freud,Sigmund,30

G

Genesis,33,74

giants,86-87

Gnosticism,53,55-56,68,74

God(seealsoGod-imageandYahweh):

asautonomouspower,14

becomingman,71-72,88-89

needforman,78

asneurosis,13

objectivationof,71

asreality,19,71

unconsciousnessof,12,19,34,42

God-image(seealsoGod,Yahwehandpassim):

anthropomorphic,16,21,24

asape-like,43

bipolarnature,11

compensationin,47

conflictin,81,121-122

Daniel'svision,84-85

differentiationof,82-85,88-89

evolutionof,130-132

Ezekiel'svision,82-85

imagoDei,80-81

Jung'sexperienceof,12-19,51

oppositesin,121-122

threeWesternversionsof,11-12

transformationof,12,36-39,41,82-91,130-132

unified,inJungianaeon,112

Yahwistic,17,73

Goethe,88

grace,seaof,113-114

H

Hall,James,124

Harding,M.Esther,17,107

heavenlyJerusalem,100,115-116,118-119

Hebrews,Bookof,94-95

HelenofTroy,55-56

heresy,97

hermaphroditearchetype,119

hierosgamos,54,64-65,119,129,132

HolyGhost/Spirit,96-97,126-128,132

homunculus,71

I

identification,35,38,43,57-58,70,76,87,121

Iliad,38-39,56

IllustrationsoftheBookofJob,36

imagoDei,80-81

incarnation:12,19,65-66,69,7174-78,80,88-90,96-97,112,129,131

continuing,77-78,96-97,112

individuation,44,78,92-93,109,129,132

infidelitycomplex,59-60

inflation,23,45,69-70,76,87,92

injustice,47

Israel,44,57,59-60,62-63,106131

J

Jacob,29

Jaffé,Aniela,17

Jeremiah,59

Jerusalem,100,115-116,118-119

Jews,43-44,116

Job:archetype,19,28-31

Bookof,28-30,32-36,63

encounterwithYahweh,12,28-30,32-37,40-41,44-45,47,49-52,70-71,82-83,95,131

asneurotic,30

John,Bookof,76-77,98

John,St.(seealsoRevelation,Bookof),18-19,113

Jonathan,andDavid,24-26

Jung,C.G.:experienceofGod-image,12-19,51

experienceofhierosgamos,64-65

lettertoAnielaJaffé,17

lettertoElinedKotschnig,33-34,78,95

lettertoErichNeumann,15

lettertoFatherLachat,96-97

lettertoVictorWhite,29-30

justice,47-48

K

Kluger,Rivkah,44,52

Kotschnig,Elined,33-34,78,95

L

Lachat,Father,96

lakeoffire,100,113-114,117

lamb,sacrificial,93-95

LastJudgment,86,90,100,110,117

LectoriBenevolo,23-28

Lem,Stanislav,79

lifecycle,psychic,45-47

LogionofJesus,97-98

Logos,56,104

Lord'sPrayer,75-76

M

mandalas,83,100,115

markedones,108-109

marriage,57-60,63-64

''MarriageAsaPsychologicalRelationship,"57-59

MarriageoftheLamb,64,100,118-119

masculineprinciple,66-67

matter,55,73-74,129-130

Matthew,Bookof,75

Memories,Dreams,Reflections,18,64,119

Mephistopheles,88

Mercurius,127-129

Milton,John,74-75

MonoÁmos,27

monotheism,38-39

MysteriumConiunctionis,22,65,126,130

mysticmarriage,seehierosgamos

mysticism,Jewish,83

N

narcissism,42-43

Neumann,Erich,15

neurosis,13-14,30

Nietzsche,Friedrich,69-70

Noah,87

"NonServiam,"79-80

numinosity,49-50

numinosum,103-104,112

O

objectivepsyche,seecollectiveunconscious

onethird,110-111

opposites:11-12,16,18,21-23,37,66-67,73-74,80-81,89,109,120-122,131

reconciliationof,121

P

Pandora,127-128

Paraclete,76-78,96-97

"ParadiseLost,"74-75

patterns,pre-existing,65-66,68

Pentecost,97

perfection,63,66-67,120

petitions,inLord'sPrayer,75-76

Philosophers'Stone,71-72,90

pleroma,55,60,67-68,88,91-92,113,129,132

polytheism,38-39

power,16,38,63-64,78

primamateria,56,71,127,129

privatioboni,21

projection,57,59-60,62

Proverbs,53-54

psyche,realityof,26-28,33

PsycheandBible,44

psychiclifecycle,45-47

PsychologyoftheTransference,The,65,130

psychosis,101

pueraeternus,111

R

realityofthepsyche,26-28,33

reconcilingsymbols,121

redemption,22,38,52,56,90,130

reductionism,26,29-30,90

relationship,57-59,63-64

repressed,returnof,117,131

resurrection,117

Reusner,127-128

Revelation,Bookof,18,73,94,99-120,131

revelations,98

Ripley,117

S

sacrifice,93-98,131

salvatormacrocosmi,71-72

SapientiaDei,53,56

sarcasm,15-16

Satan,12,22,28,40,61,73-75,86-88,100,109,131

SatanintheOldTestament,52

Saul,King,24-26

scapegoat,59

science-fiction,79-80

seaofgrace,113-114

sefirotictree,50,64

Self:cityasaspectof,115

andego,28-30,43-51,57-60,62,69,76-77,89,92-93,100-101,116,118

identificationwith,38,43-44,76

asinstrumentofdiscrimination,104-106

Jung'sformula,83

asmenacing,119

asSonofMan,90-91

separatio,51,73-74,83,104,112,131

seven,99,103-104,106-108

shadow,30-31

shards,50-51,61,131

Shiva,70

Shulamite,54,56

SimonMagus,55

Sol-Lunaconiunctio,112

Solomon'sSeal,114

SonofMan,84,86,89-91,99,107

SongofSongs,54

Sophia,53-57,60,62-64,74,115,119

soul,27-28

souls,damned,118

StarofDavid,114

stars,108-109

suffering,19,36,47,52,78,90

sun,assawblade,104

sun-moonwoman,99,111-112,115

sword,99,104,112

symbols,90,121

synchronicity,68

T

tertiumnondatur,121

Tertullian,27

third,110-111

three(seealsoTrinity),111

thronevision,99,106-107

transference,77

transformation,12,36-39,45-50,63-64,71-72,130-132

"TransformationSymbolismintheMass,"95

Trinity,96,110-111,126-127,130-132

TrojanWar,38

twowivesarchetype,62

U

unconscious:activationof,87,100,102-103

compensatoryfunction,47-48

experienceof,12-19

humanizationof,71-72,88-89

needtobeseen,42-43,89-91,122

asYahweh,35-37,51

unconsciousness,12,19,34,42,51

V

vessels,breakingof,50-51

VirginMary,12,124-130

visions:82-85,89,91,98-101,104,106-107,111-112,118-120

Daniel's,82,84,89,106

Ezekiel's,82-85

VisionsSeminars,12

vonFranz,Marie-Louise,20,56

W

water,114

White,Victor,29-30

WhoreofBabylon,100,114-117

Wisdom(seealsoSophia),53-56,63

WisdomofSolomon,55

Y

Yahweh(seealsoGodandGod-image):asaffect,35

asantinomy,37,40,121

conflictin,50

covenantwith,39-40,60,131

andcreativity,69-70

andIsrael,44,57,59-60,62-63,106,131

andJob,11-12,28-30,40-41,44-45,70andpassim

asmixtureofopposites,131

moralityof,16,51,89,95,131

asphenomenon,51,71,131

andsacrifice,95

asSonofMan,90

andSophia,53-54,57,119

tamedbyVirgin,12

transformationof,12,38,41,47,63-64,71-72,122,130-132

astheunconscious,35-37,51,53

unconsciousnessof,12,19,34,42,51

andZeus,38

Z

Zarathustra,69-70

Zeus,38,64,130

Zion,116

Transformation of the God-Image: An Elucidation of Jung's Answer to Job (Studies in Jungian...

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Transcript of Transformation of the God-Image: An Elucidation of Jung's Answer to Job (Studies in Jungian...