Transfer of Panel Paintings - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
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Sebastiano del Piombo's Raising of Lazarus, transferred from panel to canvas in 1771. [1] Transfer of panel paintings From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The practice of conserving an unstable painting on panel by transferring it from its original decayed, worm-eaten, cracked or distorted wood support to canvas or a new panel has been practised since the eighteenth century. It has now been largely superseded by improved methods of wood conservation. [2] The practice evolved in Naples and Cremona in 1711-25, and reached France by the middle of the eighteenth century. [3] It was especially widely practiced in the second half of the 19th century. Similar techniques are used to transfer frescos. Oil paintings on canvas often receive additional support or are transferred to a new backing. Methods The process is described by Henry Mogford in his Handbook for the Preservation of Pictures. Smooth sheets of paper were pasted over the painted surface of the panel, and a layer of muslin over that. The panel was then fixed, face down, to a table, and the wood planed away from the back until it was "as thin as a plane may safely go", and the remainder scraped off with a sharp instrument such as a razor. The ground of the painting was then removed by solvents or scraping, until nothing remained but a thin skin of colour, pasted over with paper and held together by the muslin. A prepared canvas was then attached to the back of the paint layer, using the same method as was used for lining pictures. When the glue had dried, the paper and muslin was removed by careful damping. [4] The leading workshop carrying out the process in Paris in the eighteenth century was that of Jean-Louis Hacquin (d. 1783), who transferred many works in the French royal collection. Transfers from the workshop have sometimes been found to have a layer of pieces of silk, or of sheets of paper between the paint layer and the new canvas. The workshop was continued after Hacquin’s death by his son, François-Toussaint Hacquin (1756–1832)., who transferred many paintings taken to France from Italy during the Napoleonic period. [1] Another method, used by Hacquin's contemporary, Jean-Michel Picault, dissolved the ground layer chemically, apparently with fumes of nitrous oxide, allowing the panel to be removed intact from the paint. [1] A later restorer, Marie-Jacob Godefroid is recorded as having achieved similar results by the use of steam. [5] A less dramatic "partial transfer" tended to be used in Germany and Austria, in which a thin layer of the original wood was retained, and glued onto a new panel. [6]
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Transcript of Transfer of Panel Paintings - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
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Sebastiano del Piombo's Raising ofLazarus, transferred from panel tocanvas in 1771.[1]
Transfer of panel paintingsFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The practice of conserving an unstable painting on panel bytransferring it from its original decayed, worm-eaten, cracked ordistorted wood support to canvas or a new panel has been practisedsince the eighteenth century. It has now been largely superseded byimproved methods of wood conservation.[2]
The practice evolved in Naples and Cremona in 1711-25, andreached France by the middle of the eighteenth century.[3] It wasespecially widely practiced in the second half of the 19th century.Similar techniques are used to transfer frescos. Oil paintings oncanvas often receive additional support or are transferred to a newbacking.
MethodsThe process is described by Henry Mogford in his Handbook for thePreservation of Pictures. Smooth sheets of paper were pasted overthe painted surface of the panel, and a layer of muslin over that. Thepanel was then fixed, face down, to a table, and the wood planedaway from the back until it was "as thin as a plane may safely go",and the remainder scraped off with a sharp instrument such as a razor. The ground of the painting was thenremoved by solvents or scraping, until nothing remained but a thin skin of colour, pasted over with paperand held together by the muslin. A prepared canvas was then attached to the back of the paint layer, usingthe same method as was used for lining pictures. When the glue had dried, the paper and muslin wasremoved by careful damping.[4]
The leading workshop carrying out the process in Paris in the eighteenth century was that of Jean-LouisHacquin (d. 1783), who transferred many works in the French royal collection. Transfers from the workshophave sometimes been found to have a layer of pieces of silk, or of sheets of paper between the paint layerand the new canvas. The workshop was continued after Hacquins death by his son, Franois-ToussaintHacquin (17561832)., who transferred many paintings taken to France from Italy during the Napoleonicperiod.[1]
Another method, used by Hacquin's contemporary, Jean-Michel Picault, dissolved the ground layerchemically, apparently with fumes of nitrous oxide, allowing the panel to be removed intact from thepaint.[1] A later restorer, Marie-Jacob Godefroid is recorded as having achieved similar results by the use ofsteam.[5]
A less dramatic "partial transfer" tended to be used in Germany and Austria, in which a thin layer of theoriginal wood was retained, and glued onto a new panel.[6]
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References1. Dunkerton, Jill; Howard, Helen (2009). "Sebastiano del Piombo's Raising of Lazarus: A History of Change"
(http://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/upload/pdf/dunkerton_howard2009.pdf) (PDF). National Gallery TechnicalBulletin 30.
2. Dardes, Kathleen; Rothe, Andrea (eds.). The Structural Conservation of Panel Paintings:Proceedings of asymposium at the J. Paul Getty Museum(http://www.getty.edu/conservation/publications_resources/pdf_publications/panelpaintings.html#download) 3.Los Angeles: The Getty Conservation Institute. p.189.
3. Dardes, Kathleen; Rothe, Andrea (eds.). The Structural Conservation of Panel Paintings:Proceedings of asymposium at the J. Paul Getty Museum(http://www.getty.edu/conservation/publications_resources/pdf_publications/panelpaintings.html#download) 3.Los Angeles: The Getty Conservation Institute. pp.2689.
4. Mogford, Henry (1851). Handbook for the Preservation of Pictures (3rd ed.). London: Winsor and Newton.pp.356.
5. Bomford, David; Leonard,, Mark (2004). Issues in the Conservation of Paintings(http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ywaDvCzGxpsC&pg=PA281&lpg=PA284&dq). Getty Publications. p.281.ISBN978-0-89236-781-8.
6. Dardes, Kathleen; Rothe, Andrea (eds.). The Structural Conservation of Panel Paintings:Proceedings of asymposium at the J. Paul Getty Museum(http://www.getty.edu/conservation/publications_resources/pdf_publications/panelpaintings.html#download) 3.Los Angeles: The Getty Conservation Institute. p.222.
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Categories: Painting materials Art conservation and restoration
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