Transcription vs Translation. Central Dogma Transcription Translation.

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Transcription vs Translation

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Page 1: Transcription vs Translation. Central Dogma Transcription Translation.

Transcription vs Translation

Page 2: Transcription vs Translation. Central Dogma Transcription Translation.

Central Dogma

Transcription

Translation

Page 3: Transcription vs Translation. Central Dogma Transcription Translation.

Chargaff’s Rule

States that base ratio is 1:1

A=T

CΞG

Therefore if there are 300 Adenines there should also be 300 Thymines in DNA

Page 4: Transcription vs Translation. Central Dogma Transcription Translation.

TranscriptionInitiation – RNA polymerase attaches to the promoter region on the DNA and begins to unzip the DNA. Promoter normally contains TATA box, sequence of T-A-T-A

Page 5: Transcription vs Translation. Central Dogma Transcription Translation.

TranscriptionElongation occurs as RNA polymerase unzips the DNA and assembles RNA nucleotides using one strand of the DNA as a template.

This occurs in the 5’ 3’ direction

Page 6: Transcription vs Translation. Central Dogma Transcription Translation.

Transcription

Termination occurs when the RNA polymerase reaches a special sequence of nucleotides that servers as a termination point. In eukaryotes the termination region is often AAAAAAAAAAA.

Page 7: Transcription vs Translation. Central Dogma Transcription Translation.

mRNA processingBefore mRNA can leave the nucleus several things happen:

5’ cap is added, cap is guanine nucleotide with 2 extra phosphatesPoly A tail added to 3’ end. Tail has about 200 adenine nucleotides.RNA splicing – introns are removed, exons are spliced together. Small nuclear ribonucleoproteins or snRNP’s delete the introns Alternative splicing

Page 8: Transcription vs Translation. Central Dogma Transcription Translation.

RNA splicing

Appropriately joined

Protein

IntronsExons

Page 9: Transcription vs Translation. Central Dogma Transcription Translation.

TranslationInitiation begins when the small ribosomal subunit attaches near the 5’ end of mRNA

A tRNA carrying an amino acid attaches to the mRNA at the start codon AUG.

The large ribosomal subunit attaches to the mRNA forming a complete ribosome

Elongation begins when the next tRNA binds

Translation

http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/chapter3/animation__how_translation_works.html

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