TRANSCRIBED AND GLOSSED RECORDINGS OF ...masatok/WP_2007.pdfTRANSCRIBED AND GLOSSED RECORDINGS OF...
Transcript of TRANSCRIBED AND GLOSSED RECORDINGS OF ...masatok/WP_2007.pdfTRANSCRIBED AND GLOSSED RECORDINGS OF...
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TRANSCRIBED AND GLOSSEDRECORDINGS OF
SAWRIYA PAHARIYA MALTO
Masato KobayashiHakuoh University
Bablu TirkeyRanchi University
1. Story of My Hardship. By Mr. Guhiya Paharia of Malipara, P.O. Simlong, Litti-para Block, Pakur District. Recorded at his residence in Littipara on September 10,2005.
0’00 e:nuI
guhiyaPROP
pahaóiya.PROP
aba-kifather-GE
na:miname
jomePROP
pahaóiya.PROP
qepduvillage
malipaóa.PROP
li úipaóaPROP
bloke-noblock-LO
paóa-r-ilie(H)-IT-PR.3S
“I am Guhiya Paharia. Father’s name is Jome Paharia. Village is Malipara. Itis located in Littipara Block.”
0’16 e:nI
inornow
parikSaexam(H)
cic-akangive-CP.1S
pa:kuó
PROP
iskule-noschool-LO
masúareteacher
ka:jawork
kud-indo-PR.1S
“I took an exam and now I work as a teacher at a school in Pakur.”
0’23 e:nI
eN-kiI-GE
mundiin.olden.times
maq-pahr-nochild-time(H)-LO
ka:klihardship
meñj-a.be-PT.3S
ad-enthat-AC
inornow
nim-eyou-DA
tenå-intell-PR.1S
“In olden times, in my childhood, I had a hard time. Now I will tell you.”
0’29 mundiin.olden.times
maq-pahr-nochild-time-LO
suru-surubeginning(H)-RED
pahr-notime-LO
lap-otieat-IF
indri-jahãwhat-EPH
mel-labe-PT.NG.3S
“In my early childhood, in the beginning, there was nothing to eat.”
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0’35 oóåu-nohouse-LO
sirfonly(H)
gaNgim-jahãmaize-EPH
meñj-a.be.PT-3S
qesurice
mel-labe-PT.NG.3S
“There was only maize in the house. There was no rice.”
0’40 bahutmuch
muskile-tidifficulty(H)-AB
dalc-dalcgrind.PT-RED
ja:gufood
bita-bitacook-RED
qaúy-ahgive.PT-3S.M
“Grinding it [each time] with great difficulty, [Father] fed us cooking [littleby little].”
0’45 andathen
kisi:.tara.sesomehow(H)
bimari-nodisease-LO
ba:c-ar-posave-IT-IF?
meñj-abe.PT-3S
“Somehow I recovered from my disease [lit. recovery took place].”
0’49 ba:c-ar-nesave-IT-VN
ke.ba:dafter(H)
eNg-enme-AC
abba-hfather-NO
iskole-noschool-LO
vartienrollment
nany-ahdo.PT-3S.M
“After I recovered, father sent me to school.”
0’54 iskuleschool
sarkarigovernmental
pahaóiyaPROP
iskuleschool
hiranpur-noPROP-LO
okiy-adsit.PT-3S.NM
a:
thatpahr-notime-LO
“The Pahariya school of the government was in Hiranpur back then.”
1’01 a:dthat
qep-intivillage-AB
issavery
digóofar
“It was very far from my village.
1’04 ad-intethat-AB
eNg-enI-AC
vartienrollment
nan-nedo-VN
ke.ba:dafter
e:nuI
bahutmuch(H)
muskildifficulty
sefrom
paóic-tanread.PT-1S
“After [father took me] out of the village and sent me to the school, I studiedwith great difficulty.”
1’10 eNg-eI-DA
e:kone
úakarupee
du:
twoúakarupee
qe:r-anchicken-AC
indruwhat
e:óa-ngoat-AC
ne:k-enwho-AC
bi:sa-bi:sa[s]sell-RED
eNg-eI-DA
abba-hfather-NO
qaúy-ahgive.PT-3S.M
“He sold chicken, goat and so on to give me one or two rupees.”
1’20 pe:sa-kimoney-GE
toTOP
bahutmuch
muskiledifficulty
hiEPH
meñj-adbe.PT-3S.NM
“When it comes to money, there was a big difficulty.”
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1’22 a:
thatpahr-notime-LO
e:kone
úakarupee
ca:ra:na4.anna
aúa:na8.anna
aïã-otfind-IF
jahãeven
muskiledifficult
meñj-abe.PT-3S
“At that time, even getting one rupee, a quarter or a half rupee was difficult.”
1’28 gaói-bharacar-load(H)
behi-nobe-CP
seEPH
har.samaeevery.time(H)
e:kalgo-CP
kam.se.kamat.least(H)
mehna-nomonth(H)-LO
ke:pondonce
eNg-bahaI.OB-place
eky-ahgo.PT-3S.M
“Going on the back of a car every time, my father came to my place at leastonce a month.”
1’33 e:k-nego-VN
ke.ba:dafter
eNg-enI-AC
úunãy-ahsee.PT-3S.M
“He came and saw me.”
1’35 ad-intithat-AB
paóyi-teread-CP
paóyi-teread-CP
paóyi-teread-CP
e:nuI
nawmaninth
kilase-kclass-DA
aós-tanreach.PT-1S
“After that I read and read, and reached the ninth class.”
1’42 nawmaninth
kilase-kclass-DA
aós-nereach-VN
ke.ba:dafter
e:noI
paóy-otiread-IF
ad-intethat-AB
amb-tanstop.PT-1S
“After reaching the ninth class, I stopped studying after that.”
1’47 oóåo-nohouse-LO
jañjaóitrouble
meñj-a.be.PT-3S
ka:klidifficulty
meñj-a.be.PT-3S
aniso
paóy-otiread-IF
e:nuI
amb-tanstop.PT-1S
“There was trouble, difficulty, at home, so I stopped studying.”
1’50 amb-nestop-VN
ke.ba:dafter
anothere
ortone
eNg-eI-DA
masúareteacher
ão:ky-ahstay.PT-3S.M
“Then there was a teacher there.”
1’53 ahi-kihe-GE
na:miname
meñj-abe.PT-3S
badlurPROP
hoddaPROP
“His name was Badlur Hodda.”
1’58 a:huhe
eN-kiI-GE
kilase-kiclass-GE
masúareteacher
meñj-ahbe.PT-3S.M
“He was my class teacher.”
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2’02 enI
iskule-kschool-DA
nawnine
mehnamonth
ke.ba:dafter
eNg-enI-AC
phi:r.seagain
ciúiletter
teya-kahsend-CP.3S
bi:k-tar-ahcall-TR.PT-3S.M
“After nine months, he sent me a letter and called me again.”
2’08 bi:k-tara-kahcall-TR-CP.3S
bar-acome-IPV
niNg-eyou-DA
inornow
taktill(H)
na:miname
ka:úy-o:mtancut-PR.NG.1S
“He called me and said ‘Come, I have not dropped your name until now.”
2’12 inor niNg-enow
te:sú
you-DA
pari:kSa:
test(E)men-e:niexam(H)
‘Now there will be an exam for you.’
2’15 niNg-eyou-DA
parikSaexam
ciy-e:ne:
give-FT.2S.M
‘You will take the exam [specially arranged] for you.’
2’17 andathen
seEPH
mala[amla]not
tanthen
na:mi-nname-AC
niNki-nyours-AC
ka:úy-ancut-FT.1S
any-ahsay.PT-3S.M
‘And if you don’t [take the exam], I will cut your name.’ ”
2’20 uske:.ba:dafter.that
eNg-enI-AC
abba-hfather-NO
ad-intethat-AB
ondr-ahbring.PT-3S.M
“Then father took me from there [i.e. village].”
2’25 ondr-tetake-CP
ondr-tetake-CP
ga:óemany
diniday
ão:k-nestay-VN
ke.ba:dafter
eNg-eI-DA
paóy-ostudy-IF
bed-laseek-NG.3S
“When he was taking me along, I did not feel like studying [again] after stay-ing home for many days.”
2’28 paóy-ostudy-IF
bed-laseek-NG.3S.NM
aniso
sujbe:raPROP
úo:ke-nohill- LO
jare-nojungle-LO
e:nuI
erå-opass.stool-IF
bid-iseek-PR.3S.NM
an-kasay-CP
korc-akanenter-CP.1S
o:ãoó-akancry-CP.1S
ok-tansit.PT-1S
“Not feeling like studying, in the jungle of the Surajbera Hill, I said I felt likeemptying my bowels, and entered [the jungle] and sat crying.”
2’35 hedmasúarprincipal(E)
baj-anahbeat-FT.3S.M
ad-in-õhe-AC-too
elic-tanfear.PT-1S
“The principal [of the school] would beat, and I was afraid of him, too.”
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2’38 oãoóacry
ok-ne:sit-VN
ke.ba:dafter
aba-hfather-NO
eNg-enI-AC
qa:pa-qa:pawait-RED
oky-ahsit.PT-3S.M
“While [lit. after] sitting crying, father stayed waiting [for me].”
2’42 qa:pa-qa:pawait-RED
oky-ahsit.PT-3S.M
uske:.ba:dafter.that
qalu-qalusteal.PP-RED
ulúar-akanturn.around-CP.1S
malipaóaPROP
qep-ikvillage-DA
bonå-orun-IF
meñj-atan [present perfect?]be.PT-1S
“Then, having turned around sneakily, I fled back to Malipara village.”
2’49 darce-kehold-CP.3S.M
a:ãnothere
e:kone
úaparslap
bajy-ahbeat.PT-3S.M
eNg-enI-AC
“Having caught me, he gave me a slap on the spot.”
2’51 baj-nebeat-VN
ke.ba:dafter
muskildifficulty
sewith
tuki-tuki-tuki-tukipush.PT-RED-RED-RED
li úipaóa-kPROP-DA
ondr-ahtake.PT-3S.M
“After slapping me, he kept pushing me on the back and took me to Littipara.”
2’55 liúipaóa-ntiPROP-AB
e:nuI
hiranpuri-kPROP-DA
ek-tamgo.PT-1P.E
jo:r.seimmediately
e:mwe.E
ma:nqal-e:mfather.and.son-1P.E
“We, father and son, went from Littipara to Hiranpur immediately.”
3’04 e:k-nego-VN
ke.ba:dafter
elc-e-tfear-VN-IN
eNg-eI-DA
ke:pontiat.once
me:dillness
korc-aenter.PT-3S.NM
“After going [to Hiranpur], I got fever at once because of fear.”
3’08 me:dillness
korc-aenter.PT-3S.NM
kukuhead
nuñjc-aache.PT-3S.NM
“I had fever and headache.”
3’10 uske:.ba:dafter.that
e:kone
golitablet
mandramedicine
qe:å-tanbuy.PT-1S
hiranpurPROP
haspaúale-nohospital-LO
“Then I bought one tablet at Hiranpur Hospital.”
3’15 mo:q-neeat-VN
ke.ba:dafter
kuku-nuyuhead-ache
úi:kwell
le:r-abecome.PT-3S.NM
“After taking [the tablet], the headache got well.”
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3’19 úi:kwell
le:r-nebecome-VN
ke.ba:dafter
e:kone
pa:lirow
pari:kSa:
examannothere
katamend(H)
meñj-abe.PT-3S
“By the time I recovered, the first exam was over.”
3’24 dusrasecond
pa:lirow
pari:kSa:-noexam-LO
e:nuI
elc-u-nfear-PP-1S
kirkiwindow
pa:wthrough
ko:ric-tanenter.PT-1S
“In the second exam, I was afraid so I entered the room from a window.”
3’28 kirkiwindow
pa:wthrough
korca-tatkanenter.PT-CP.1S
kurka-tatkanwrite.PT-CP.1S
e:nuI
te:sú
testpari:kSa:-noexam-LO
goú-intiall-AB
ja:demuch
nambarenumber
hıEPH
eN-kiI-GE
meñj-abe.PT-3S
“Having entered the room from a window and having written the exam, mineturned out to be the highest score of all in the exam.”
3’35 eN-kiI-GE
men-nebe-VN
ke.ba:dafter
anduall.the.time
mundubeginning
agdut-entiformer-AB
paóy-uread-PP
maqeboy
eNg-enI-AC
cillahtar-ahyell.PT-3S.M
“After that, a boy who was studying all the time since ago yelled at me.”
3’41 i:hthis.M.SG
toTOP
qaãa-kacheat.PT-CP
seEPH
pa:spass
meñj-ahbe.PT-3S.M
ıhuthis.M
‘He passed by cheating.’
3’44 úunã-úunã
see-RED
kurk-kawrite-CP
pa:spass
meñj-ah.be.PT-3S.M
indekithis.way
mel-le:nibe-FT.NG.3S.NM
‘He passed looking at others’ papers and writing [his own exam]. This is notright.’
3’46 ih-ikthis.M.SG-DA
ikini-goúehow-EPH
besimuch
nambarenumber
barcacome.PT-3S.NM
any-ahsay.PT-3S.M
‘How did the best score come out for him?’
3’50 an-nesay-VN
ke.ba:dafter
heãmasúareprincipal
awã-ah.say.PT-3S.M
adanothen
heãmasúareprincipal
meñj-ahbe.PT-3S.M
ra:juPROP
mahtoPROP
“When they said so, the principal said. The principal at that time was RajuMahto.”
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3’55 ra:juPROP
mahtoPROP
awã-ah.say.PT-3S.M
úi:kewell
andekithat.way
ta:nthen
deka:ITJ
tobethen
phiragain
seEPH
e:kone
bartime
parikSaexam
nan-tr-eido-TR-FT.1S
“Raju Mahto said, ‘Okay, if that is the case, I will give you an exam again.”’
4’00 goúer-niall-AC.EPH?
úunã-úunã
see-RED
kurk-awrite-IP
any-ahsay.PT-3S.M
‘Write [the exam] looking at everyone else.’
4’03 aniso
e:nI
awãa-tansay.PT-1S
seEPH
phiragain
dubaratwice
parikSaexam
men-no:be-CP
hõeven
úunã-úunã
see-RED
kurk-u-rwrite-PP-3P
kurk-anderwrite-OP.3P
amb-a.leave.IP
úunda-balosee-without
kurk-anwrite-FT.1S
an-tansay.PT-1S
“So I said, ‘Even if there is an exam again, I will write it without cheating.Let those who write cheating do so.”’
4’10 ande-goúagain-EPH
phiragain
eNg-eI-DA
hiEPH
nambarenumber
besimuch
meñj-abe.PT-3S
“Then again, I got the highest score.”
4’13 besimuch
men-nebe-CP
ke.ba:dafter
hedmasúareprincipal
awã-ahsay.PT-3S.M
“Then the principal said.”
4’17 úhi:kokay(H)
inornow
jhagóa.jhañjhaú
quarrel(H)men-nobe-CP
ko:iany(H)
úhi:kegood
mal-abe.not.PR-3S
‘Okay, now it is useless to do argument.’
4’20 ba:de-noafter-LO
bahutmuch
parikSaexam
mEúrikematriculation
pa:spass
men-nobe-CP
tatnothereupon
seEPH
e:nI
a:å-anknow-FT.1S
kiCPL
ne:duwho.NM.SG
acchawell
budi.taniintelligent
orand
ne:dwho.NM
budi.belounintelligent
“When you guys pass the big matriculation exam later, then I will know whois [really] intelligent and who isn’t.”
4’29 any-ah.say.PT-3S.M
úhi:kgood
ad-entithat-AB
parikSaexam
ciy-otigive-IF
ek-tamgo.PT-1P.E
“Okay, after that we went to take the exam.”
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4’31 parikSaexam
pa:kuó
PROP
harindaNgaPROP
iskule-noschool-LO
eN-kiI-GE
sintarecenter
meñj-abe.PT-3S
“The Harindanga school in Pakur was my exam center.”
4’35 sintarecenter
men-nebe-VN
ke.ba:dafter
ad-nothat-LO
adeagain
qa:l-ucheat-PP
maqe-r-inboy-P-AC
turan-turanat.once
darc-arcatch.PT-3P
“Then they caught boys who were cheating in the exam right away.”
4’40 dar-necatch-VN
ke.ba:dafter
ekspelexpel
na:ny-ardo.PT-3P
“Then they expelled them.”
4’42 ad-intethat-AB
otr-otrbring-RED
tey-arsend.PT-3P
duba:raagain(H)
parikSeexam
ciy-tar-largive-TR-PT.NG.3P
“They took them and kicked them out, and did not let them take the exam anymore.”
4’45 úhi:kokay
eNg-eI-DA
noEPH?
ji :b.bigya:nbiology(H)
bisae-kisubject(H)-GE
parikSaexam
meñj-abe.PT-3S
“For me, the exam was on biology.”
4’50 ad-nothat-LO
baNgaliBengali
maqeboy
qo:qwji:back
purjaslip
ki:d-ahput.PT-3S.M
“But then a guy [who was taking] Bengali [exam] put a cheating slip on myback.”
4’52 aniso
eNg-en-õI-AC-too
anothere
ga:ãiNgmonitoring
nan-udo-PP
vikSaksupervisor
e:kone
úaparslap
baj-kabeat-CP
purja:
slipke.sa:twith
eNg-enI-AC
oc-ahtake.PT-3S.M
ga:ãru:me-kguardroom-DA
“A supervisor who was monitoring the exam gave me a slap too, and took meto the guardroom with the cheating slip.”
5’01 ga:ãru:me-nteguardroom-AB
eNg-enI-AC
ji :pe-nJeep-AC
arg-tara-karclimb-TR-CP.3P
tha:na:-kpolice.station-DA
oc-artake.PT-3P
“They took me from the guardroom, made me get on a Jeep, and took me tothe police station.”
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5’05 tha:na:-kpolice.station-DA
oy-netake-VN
ke.ba:dafter
ja:buwhen
ko:pi:ntest.paper-AC
arand
purja-nslip-AC
mila:-tar-ahput.together(H)-TR.PT-3S.M
“Then when they compared the copy and the slip,”
5’08 ta:buthen
ahi-kihe-GE
toTOP
ra:Súraba:sanational.language
baNglaBengali
meñj-a.be.PT-3S
eN-kiI-GE
toTOP
ji :b.bigya:ne-kibiology-GE
meñj-abe.PT-3S
“then his [cheating slip] was [on] the Bengali language, and my [exam] wasbiology.”
5’13 men-nebe-VN
ke.ba:dafter
ad-intethat-AB
eNg-enI-AC
phi:ragain
adhahalf
ghanúahour
úaimetime
qaúy-argive.PT-3P
parikSa-noexam-LO
bahutmuch
parikSa-noexam-LO
kurk-otiwrite-IF
“After that, they gave me time for half an hour to write a lot in the exam.”
5’20 qaú-negive-VN
ke.ba:dafter
enI
mEúrikematric
pa:spass
meñj-atanbe.PT-1S
“Then I passed the matriculation.”
5’22 mEúrikematric
pa:spass
men-nebe-VN
ke.ba:dafter
enoI
ad-inte-mthat-AB-EPH
a:
thatpahr-notime-LO
pahaóialpine
qep-wijovillage-side
ne:-jahãwho-even
mEúrikmatric
pa:serpasser
behi-lahbe-PT.NG.3S.M
“Then, from there, from the side of the mountain villages, there was no onewho had passed the matriculation.”
5’32 uske:.ba:dafter.that
e:nI
pa:spass
meñj-atan.be.PT-1S
aniso
duniyanews
hallasensation
meñj-abe.PT-3S
“Then I passed. So the news became a sensation.”
5’35 hallasensation
meñj-abe.PT-3S
kiCPL
malipaóaPROP
qep-novillage-LO
ortuone
guhiyaPROP
pahaóiyaPROP
mEúrikmatric
pa:spass
meñj-ahbe.PT-3S.M
“It became a sensation that Guhiya Paharia, a guy from Malipara, passedmatriculation.”
9
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5’41 any-asay.PT-3S
ikewhich
guhiyaPROP
pahaóiyaPROP
mEúrikmatric
pa:spass
meñj-abe.PT-3S
an-naqy-arsay-RCP.PT-3P
goú-er-i[k]all-P-DA
hallasensation
meñj-abe.PT-3S
“It was a sensation for everyone, saying to each other ‘Which Guhiya Pahariapassed the matriculation?”’
5’46 hallasensation
men-nebe-VN
ke.ba:dafter
kuñjbanaPROP
misanmission
iskule-noschool-LO
ão:ky-astay.PT-3S
sisúarnisister.F
mandramedicine
ba:úyugrind-PP
sisúarnisister.F
ão:ky-astay.PT-3S
paóyi-tr-ustudy-TR-PP
sisúarnisister.F
ão:ky-astay.PT-3S
“Then there was a sister at the mission school in Kunjbona, a sister grindingmedicine, and a sister teaching.”
5’55 a:
thatsisúarnisister.F
bed-isearch-PR.3S
bed-iRED
eNg-baha-kI-place-DA
eky-ago.PT-3S
kiCPL
malipaóa-noPROP-LO
guhiyaPROP
pahaóiyaPROP
ikewho
mEúrikematric
pase-hpass-3S.M
e:nI
ah-inhe-AC
ão:k-tr-anstay-TR-FT.1S
any-asay.PT-3S
“Searching and searching, that sister came to my place and said, ‘GuhiyaPaharia in Malipara, who is a matriculation pass[er], we will hire him.”
6’03 uske:.ba:dafter.that
du:
twoso:
100úakarupee
mehnamonth
kuñjbanaPROP
misanmission
iskule-noschool-LO
paóyi-tr-atanstudy-TR-PT.1S
e:nuI
ti:nthree
sa:lyear
“Then I taught at the mission school in Kunjbona for three years for twohundred rupees a month.”
6’10 uske:.ba:dafter.that
sahargaúi-kPROP-DA
baric-tancome.PT-1S
betane-nsalary-AC
iñjr-otireceive-IF
“Then I came to Sahargati [every month] to receive salary.”
6’13 anteand
kud-dework-CP?
kud-deRED
a:
thatmisan-enmisson-AC
amb-kanleave-CP.1S
e:nuI
ek-tango.PT-1S
dumka.PROP
adibasiAdivasi
nigamcorporation
dipa:úe-nodepartment-LO
ão:k-tanstay.PT-1S
“I worked and worked and then left the mission. I went to Dumka and got ajob at the Adivasi Nigam Department.”
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6’21 nigamcorporation
dipa:úe-nodepartment-LO
ma:tronly
eNg-eI-DA
pa:cfive
so100
úakarupee
betanesalary
meñj-abe.PT-3S
“Only from the Department I got a salary of five hundred rupees.”
6’25 bahutmuch
dine-noday-LO
sa:tseven
mehnamonth
binawithout
be:tane:-tisalaryIN
ka:lionly(H)
mandramedicine
baúic-tangrind.PT-1S
“For many days, for seven months, I was just grinding medicine withoutsalary.”
6’30 ka:kla:-r-atan.troubleIN-PT.1S
jaói-buúijungle-medicinal.plant(H)
mandramedicine
baúic-tangrind.PT-1S
e:nuI
“I had a tough time. I was grinding medicine from the medicinal plants of thejungle.”
6’32 baúyi-negrind-VN
ke.ba:dafter
ro:jday
eNg-eI-DA
pacfive
úakarupee
pe:samoney
meñj-abe.PT-3S
“After grinding, I got five rupees every day.”
6’36 a:
thatpe:sa-timoneyIN
je:
whiche:nuI
nasta-indrutiffin-what
meñj-meñjbe.PT-RED
ão:k-tanstay.PT-1S
“I used to have whatever tiffin [is available] with that money.”
6’39 ja:gu-ntefood-AB
e:nI
sahabe-kimaster-GE
bit-atancook.PT-1S
ad-enthat-AC
e:kone
muúifist
ja:gucooked.rice
lap-taneat.PT-1S
e:nuI
“I had a fistful of food from what I cooked for the boss.”
6’45 ão:k-testay-CP
ão:k-testay-CP
sa:tseven
mehna:month
ke.ba:dafter
painti:s35
so:
100pe:samoney
qaq-oår-adreceive-PA.PT-3S.NM
eNg-eI-DA
“After seven months, I got 3,500 rupees.”
6’50 qaq-oår-nereceive-PA-VN
ke.ba:dafter
aba-kfather-DA
ondr-akabring-CP
cic-akangive-CP.1S
oóåu-nohouse-LO
cic-akangive-CP.1S
“Then I brought the money to my father, gave it [to him] at home, and,”
11
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6’55 phi:ragain
a:
thatdineday
turantimmediately
a:nondso.much
seEPH
elc-afear-VN
meñjabe.PT-3S
dyutiduty
nan[-u]do-PP
pahr-notime-LO
elc-pofear-IT-IF
meñj-abe.PT-3S
kir-kareturn-CP
ek-tango.PT-1S
dumkaPROP
“I went back to Dumka immediately on the same day. So much was I afraid.I was afraid as I was on duty.”
7’01 phiragain
dumka-noPROP-LO
do:
twosalyear
ão:k-nestay-VN
ke.ba:dafter
ad-intethat-AB
tey-arsend.PT-3P
eNg-enI-AC
sahebgoñje-kPROP-DA
“After staying in Dumka for two more years, they sent me from there to Sa-hebganj.”
7’05 sahebgoñje-noPROP-LO
dukani-kishop-GE
ti:qalurice
da:lilentil
a:lupotato
sabjivegetable
oc-octake.PT-RED
lap-taneat.PT-1S
uda:ricredit
“Taking rice, dal, potatoes and vegetable from a shop in Sehebganj, I ate themon credit.”
7’16 pe:sa-úikanamoney-abode[H]
behi-labe-PT.NG.3S
e:kone
úakarupee
jãeven
dokri-nopocket-LO
behi-labe-PT.NG.3S
pe:samoney
“There was no money at all. There was no money, not even a rupee, in thepocket.”
7’17 uda:ricredit
lap-teeat-CP
lap-teeat-CP
ga:óemuch
le:ó-adbecome.PT-3S.NM
an-nothat-LO
ga:óemuch
meñj-abe.PT-3S
“Eating and eating on credit, it became a big amount.”
7’20 ga:óemuch
men-nebe-VN
ke.ba:dafter
ão:k-testay-CP
ão:k-testay-CP
eNg-enI-AC
ad-intethat-AB
haúa:-tar-ahdrive.off[H]-TR.PT-3S.M
“Then [the shop-owner] kicked me out from there [i.e. the shop],”
7’25 kiCPL
niNg-eyou-DA
inornow
pe:samoney
jim[-r]-le :niget-IT-FT.NG.3S.NM
jo:
whichpã:cfive
so:
100úakarupee
mehinamonth
jim-teget-CP
qaq-teacquire-CP
a:dthat
inohere
pe:samoney
jim[r]-le :niget-IT-FT.NG.3S.NM
ek-kago-CP
inornow
ni:nuyou
oóåo[i]house
ão:k-o:kastay.IPV
an-kasay-CP
tey-arsend.PT-3P
eNg-enI-AC
“saying, ‘If you have no money, if you cannot get the five hundred rupee you[are supposed to] get monthly, go home and stay’, they sent me back.”
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7’35 uske:.ba:dafter.that
ad-intethat-AB
olå-otcry-IF
surubegin
nan-tando.PT-1S
qa:n-amdueye-water
úopy-otdrop-IF
surubeginning
nany-addo.PT-3S.NM
“Then I started crying. Tears started dropping.”
7’40 ad-intethat-AB
iki-[n]owhich-ever
dukani-noshop-LO
ja:gucooked.rice
uda:ricredit
lap-ta:n.eat.PT-1S
dudi-nmilk-AC
uda:ricredit
oc-atantake.PT-1S
“I ate all food on credit from there, at the shop. I took milk on credit fromthere.” [?]
7’45 ikt-entiwhich-AB
pe:samoney
ciy-angive-FT.1S[?]
“From where shall I give the money back?”
7’46 pe:sanmoney
ad-inthat-AB[?]
bandclosing
nany-ar.do.PT-3P
bandclosing
nan-kado-CP
barc-acome.PT-3S
“They stopped paying salary, they had stopped paying salary.”
7’49 bar-necome-VN
ke.ba:dafter
baric-tancome.PT-1S
e:nI
apnaown
qep-ikvillage-DA
malipaóa-kPROP-DA
“Then I went to my own village Malipara.”
7’52 malipaóa-kPROP-DA
bar-necome-VN
ke.ba:dafter
a:
thatpahr-notime-LO
kuñjbana-noPROP-LO
miãilmiddle
iskuleschool
kula:-r-aopen-IT.PT-3S
“Then a middle school had [just] opened in Kunjbona.”
7’58 naya:new(H)
naya:new
meñj-abe.PT-3S
“It was brand new.”
8’00 e:nI
ad-intethat-AB
luNgilungee
cu:c-ekenput.on-CP.1S
baric-tancome.PT-1S
luNgilungee
cu:c-akanput.on-CP.1S
baric-tancome.PT-1S
“I put on a lungee and went there.”
8’03 tanthen
bar-necome-VN
ke.ba:dafter
a:úe-n[o]market-LO
gurac-tewalk.around-CP
gurac-tewalk.around-CP
hedmasúareprincipal
kuñjbana-kiPROP-GE
hedmasúareprincipal
meñjahbe.PT-3S.M
“Then the principal of Kunjbona [School] was walking around in the market.”
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8’11 ah-inhe-AC
luNgilungee
cuc-ekeniput.on-CP.1S
parna:mhello
sa:rSir
a:n-tansay.PT-1S
“I wore lungee and said ‘Hello, sir’ to him.”
8’15 parna:mhello
sa:rSir
an-nesay-VN
ke.ba:dafter
awã-ah iknosay.PT-3S.M
ão:k-destay-PR.2S.M
ino:rnow
an-kusay-CP
“Then he said, ‘Where do you work now?”’
8’18 malano
e:nI
agdiformerly
sahebgoñje-noPROP-LO
ão:k-tanstay.PT-1S
adibasiAdivasi
nigame-nocorporation-LO
lekinbut(H)
eNg-enI-AC
ad-intethat-AB
otr-artake.out.PT-3P
‘I was in Sahebganj before, at Adivasi Nigam, but they let me get out of there.’
8’22 otr-netake.out-VN
ke.ba:dafter
inornow
e:nI
eisethis.way(H)
hiEPH
a:úemarket
gurarkudd-otwalk.around-IF
baric-tancome.PT-1S
‘And now I came [here] to walk around the town.’
8’27 a:nkothen
a:
thatmasúareteacher
hoEPH
borio-kiPROP-GE
meñj-ah.be.PT-3S.M
bahutmuch
dayalumerciful
masúareteacher
meñj-ahbe.PT-3S.M
“That teacher was from Borio, a very compassionate teacher.”
8’32 awã-ahsay.PT-3S
e:kone
januari-noJanuary-LO
pahaóiyaPahariya
kalya:nwelfare
saabemaster
bara-nahcome-FT-3S.M
“He said, ‘On January 1, the officer from the Pahariya Welfare comes.’
8’37 bar-necome-VN
ke.ba:dafter
ne:k-enwho-AC
apnaself
maó-ehlike-PR[FT].3S.M
a:
thatmaq-enboy-AC
ão:k-tra:-nahstay-TR-FT.3S.M
‘Then he hires whomever he likes.’
8’41 ni:nyou
e:kone
ta:ri:ke-nodate(H)-LO
e:kone
januari-noJanuary-LO
bar-kecome-CP-2S
arand
darkhaseapplication(H)
kurk-kewrite-CP.2S
ciy-e:negive-FT.2S.M
‘[Why don’t] you come on January 1, and write and submit an application.’
8’46 uske:.ba:dafter.that
niNg-enyou-AC
pahaóiyaPahariya
iskuleschool
ão:k-tr-ah [?]stay-TR-FT.3S.M
tanthen
úhi:kegood
‘Then if Pahariya School hires you, that will be good.’
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8’49 any-ahsay.PT-3S.M
uske:.ba:dafter.that
e:nI
baric-tancome.PT-1S
úhi:kwell
ade-nothat-LO
amñ-o:tibathe-IF
usraspare.time
meñj-ano?
kuk-ahead-AC
qa:sr-otcomb-IF
usraspare.time
meñj-abe.PT-3S
‘Then if Pahariya School hires you, that will be good.’
8’49 any-ahwhat-even
uske:.ba:dspare.time
e:nbe-PT.NG.3S
baric-tanúhi:k ade-no amñ-o:ti usra meñj-ano
kuk-a qa:sr-ot usra meñj-a
“Then I came there. There there was no time to bathe nor comb the hair.”
8’56 a:
thatdineday
ba:jóamillet
baúic-tanpound.PT-1S
e:nuI
“I was pounding millet that day.”
8’57 arand
a:lupotato
ja:guboiled.rice
ba:jóamillet
ja:guboiled.rice
meñj-abe.PT-3S
“There were boiled potato and boiled millet.”
9’00 e:kone
muúafist
ba:jóamillet
ja:guboiled.rice
lap-tan.eat.PT-1S
uske:.ba:dafter.that
am-anwater-AC
onãa-tandrink.PT-1S
“I ate a handful of boiled millet and drank water.”
9’14 o:n-nedrink-VN
ke.ba:dafter
phi:ragain
ad-intethat-AB
amñata-balobathe.?-without
gamca:-titowelIN
qetur-atandust.PT-1S
phiragain
kuñjbanakPROP
baric-tancome.PT-1S
“Then without taking bath, having just dusted myself with a towel, I came toKunjbona again.”
9’11 kuñjbanakPROP
bar-necome-VN
ke.ba:dafter
anothere
so:la16
úakarupee
ba:rana12.anna
eNg-eI-DA
betanesalary
meñj-abe.PT-3S
ãe:li.daily
dine-nihıday-LO.EPH
betanesalary
meñj-abe.PT-3S
“Then my salary there was sixteen rupees and 75 paise a day. There wassalary every day.”
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9’17 men-nebe-VN
ke.badafter
ão:k-testay-CP
ão:ktestay-CP
ão:ktestay-CP
a:nothere
du:
twosalyears
bi:ta-r-a.pass(H)-IT.PT-3S
lekinbut
a:
thatsolla16
úakarupee
ba:rana-n12.anna-AC
jahãeven
qaq-oår-tereceive-PA-CP
qaq-oår-tereceive-PA-CP
bandclosed
nany-ado.PT-3S
“Then two years have passed working there, but even that sixteen rupees and75 paise was first available and then stopped.”
9’25 bandclosed
nan-nedo-VN
ke.badafter
eNg-eI-DA
binawithout
paisemoney
ão:k-tanstay.PT-1S
“After the payment had stopped, I worked for no salary.”
9’30 borio-kiPROP-GE
heãmasúareprincipal
mehna-nomonth-LO
a:ú
eightkilok.g.
a:lupotato
qaúy-ahgive.PT-3S.M
“The principal from Borio gave me eight kilogram potatoes per month.”
9’34 aurand
bi:s20
kilok.g.
ti:qal-arice-AC
qaúy-ah.give.PT-3S.M
a:tareni?[usi: ko]
lapa-lapaeat-RED[?]
ão:k-tanstay.PT-1S
uske:.ba:dafter.that
e:kone
úakarupee
jahãeven
pe:sadmoney-NO
eNg-eI-DA
qaq-oår-lareceive-PA-PT.NG.3S
“And he gave me twenty kilogram rice. I was eating only them. Then noteven a single rupee was available.”
9’39 phiragain
ão:k-testay-CP
ão:k-testay-CP
eNg-eI-DA
unni:s19
so:
100nabbe:90
sa:leyear
aktumbarOctober
mehna:month
eNg-eI-DA
bahliselection
meñj-abe.PT-3S
“Carrying on and on working, in October 1990, I was hired by selection.”
9’48 masúare-noteacher-LO
bahliselection
men-nebe-VN
ke.ba:dafter
ad-intethat-AB
cho:
sixsa:lyear
kuñjbana-noPROP-LO
ão:k-tanstay.PT-1S
“After hired as a teacher, I worked at Kunjbona for six years.”
9’52 uske:.ba:dafter.that
ad-intethat-AB
badlitransfer
meñj-adbe.PT-3S.NM
eNg-eI-DA
masiliyaPROP
dumkaPROP
jilaDistrict
“Then I was transferred to Masiliya, Dumka District.”
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9’56 dumkaPROP
jilaDistrict
ca:rfour
sa:lyear
ão:k-tanstay.PT-1S
“I was in Dumka District for four years.”
9’58 ad-intethat-AB
ca:rfour
sa:lyear
ão:k-nestay-VN
ke.ba:dafter
ino:rnow
pakuóPROP
jilaDistrict
harijanHarijan
iskuleschool
badlitransfer
meñjabe.PT-3S
“Then after working for four years, I was transferred to the Harijan school inPakur District.”
10’05 harijanHarijan
iskole-n[o]school-LO
enI
inornow
ão:k-instay-PR.1S
ão:k-instay-PR.1S
e:nuI
“I now work at the Harijan school.”
10’10 maqe-r-inboy-P-AC
indrwhat
inornow
eN-kiI-GE
maqe-r-inboy-P-AC
jaiseas
ka:kla:-r-akanhave.difficulty-IT-CP.1S
paóic-tanstudy.PT-1S
sika-r-tanteach-IT.PT-1S
no:kriemployment
meñj-abe.PT-3S
“Just as I [first] had difficulty, then studied, taught and got a job,”
10’16 a:-leknothat-like
eN-kiI-GE
maqe-r-inboy-P-AC
kisi.tara.sesomehow
baóhiyãgood
iskole-noschool-LO
paryi-tr-otistudy-TR-IF
so:cy-in.think-PR.1S
maqe-r-inboy-P-AC
inornow
ão:k-tar-instay-TR-PR.1S
“I am thinking of sending my children to a good school to study [and get agood job] in the same way. And now I [actually] send them [to a boardingschool].”
10’23 parebut
a:gefront
indriwhat
men-enidbe-FT.3S.NM
ad-enthat-AC
gosanyigod
hiEPH
a:å-ihknow-PR.1S.M
“But only God knows what will happen in future.”
10’26 basenough
inondethis.much
eN-kiI-GE
eN-kiI-GE
duke-kihardship-GE
katastory
oNgr-iend-PR.3S
“Okay, this much is the story of my hardship.”
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2. Pahariya Wedding, by Mr. Surja Pahariya, Ursa Pahar, P.O. Ghatyari, RangaBlock, Sahebganj District. Recorded on March 3, 2006 at Adivasi Residential BoysHigh School, Hiranpur.
0’00 em-kiwe-GE
siúu-rmatch.maker-P
a:n-imsay-PR.1P.E
jo:ó-ond-erpair-one-P
“We call the pair of people our match-makers.”
0’05 a:berethey
muóse-kiman-GE
batte-rsider-P
ik-goúewho-ever
peli.aãa-kwoman.house-DA
e:k-ergo-FT.3P
“Those people belonging to the boy’s side go to the house of whichever girlit may be.”
0’13 anteand
a:únothere
patainformation(H)
laga-tr-erattach(H)-TR-FT.3P
kiCPL
e:mewe.E
palnaso.and.so
maqe-kboy-DA
men-otiask-IF
barc-kemcome.PT-1P.E
“And there, we get information, saying ‘We have come to ask [about yourgirl] for the boy so-and-so.’.”
0’23 annothere
a:únothereon
ba:tdiscussion(H)
jo:óa-r-ijoin(H)-IT-3S
ta:nuthen
a:berthey
surustart(H)
nan-erdo-FT.3P
kiCPL
palnaso.and.so
dineday
e:mwe.I
bar-emcome-FT.1P.E
“If an agreement is reached thereon, they start [preparing], saying ‘We willcome on such and such a day’.”
0’34 anteand
a:
thatdineday
e:k-ergo-FT.3P
“And they come on that day.”
0’36 e:k-e-kigo-VN-GE
ba:de-noafter-LO
ba:tci:tediscussion(H)
men-anidbe-FT.3S.NM
“After going there, there will be a discussion [about the consequences of themarriage].”
0’39 peli-kigirl-GE
toTOP
tambako-berfather-P
arand
muóse-kiman-GE
toTOP
tambako-berfather-P
o:k-ersitFT.3P
a:únothere
“The girl’s parents and the boy’s parents sit there.”
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0’46 ok-e-kisit-VN-GE
ba:de-noafter-LO
men-erask-FT.3P
kiCPL
e:k-engo-FT.1S
a:n-idsay-PR.3S.NM
ta:nuthen
biha-kiwedding-GE
taydecision
men-idbe-PR.3S.NM
“Then they ask [the girl] if [she wants to marry the boy]. If she says ‘I willgo [and marry him]’ then the marriage is decided on.”
0’54 ada-nothen[uske ba:d]
qa:wnaq-erconverse-FT.3P
kiCPL
e:nond-goúehow.much-EPH
pe:sa-dmoney-NM
ca:r.so:400
pã:c.so:500
hajar1000
úakarupee
a:rand
e:kone
manmaund
du:
twomanmaund
ti:qal-arice-AC
jo:-goúewhich-EPH
awãnaq-eradiscuss-FT.3P
“At that point, they talk how much money, 400, 500, 1,000 rupees, and onemaund, two mounds of rice. They discuss all those matters.”
1’06 anteand
a:
CR
ikwhich
dineday
ta:rikdate
nan-erdo-FT.3P
a:
thatdine-noday-LO
bihawedding
men-anidbe-FT.3S.NM
“And the wedding will take place on that day on which they fixed the date.”
1’10 a:de-k(i)that-DA
siúu-rmatch.maker-P
ão:k-nerstay-PR.3P
ad-inthat-AC
carioti[?]mediating[12’37]
innohere
muóseãa-kman’s.house-DA
e:k-ergo-FT.3P
pelaãa-kwoman’s.house-DA
e:k-ergo-FT.3P
jo:óond-erone.pair-P
a:berthey
siúumatch.maker
a:n-imsay-PR.1P.E
“Match makers are for that procedure. They go to boy’s house here and girl’shouse [there] to mediate it [i.e. the match]. We call those two people match-makers.”
1’16 a:berethey
men-ne-kiask-VN-GE
ba:de-noafter-LO
do:noboth
tarafside
sefrom
ba:tewords
mi:lagreement
meñj-adbe.PT-3S.NM
ta:nuthen
biha-kiwedding-GE
taydecision
men-anidbe-FT.3S.NM
“After they ask, if words from both parties agree, then the decision of thewedding is all set.”
1’25 po:nedowry
jo.bhi:whatever
qawrnoq-arconverse.PT-3P
e:mwe.E
toTOP
pel-er-ikgirl-P-DA
ciy-imgive-PR.1P.E
pe:sa-nmoney-AC
“Whatever dowry they have discussed, we give that money to the girl’s peo-ple.”
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1’30 muóseman
bed-kehseek-CP.3S
ondr-ihbring-PR.3S.M
“The boy calls her out and [is going to] take her [to his house].”
1’32 adanothere
bihawedding
men-idbe-PR.3S.NM
adanothere
e:k-nergo-PR.3P
lal-otidance-IF
bariati-rgroomsmen-P
qe:lu.ãugukettledrum
“Then wedding is held. Then the bridegroom’s party and drum go in order todance.”
1’38 apnaself
i:this
qep-entevillage-AB
pel-aãa-kgirl-house-DA
e:k-ergo-FT.3P
“They go from this village of theirs to the bride’s house.”
1’41 pel-aãa-nogirl-house-LO
lal-er(a)dance-FT.3P
“They dance at bride’s house.”
1’44 a:
thatsiúumatch.maker
lo:ke-r[21’14]people-P
gurar-erwalk.about-FT.3P
kiCPL
ikna:nehow
upa:ydevise
laga-tr-erattach-TR-FT.3P
adaki-noits-LO
“Meanwhile, the match makers run around, wondering how to mediate.”
1’49 anteand
e:k-e-kigo-VN-GE
ba:d-no i:úinteafter-LO
kisa oy-erfrom.here
“And after they go, they bring a pig from here [i.e. their place].”
1’52 kispig
oy-e-kibring-VN-GE
ba:de-noafter-LO
ne:re-kiwho-GE
ikwhich
peli-kigirl-GE
arand
muóse-kiman-GE
bihawedding
men-a:nitake.place-FT.3S.NM
ahe-kihe-GE
na:mi-tiname-IN
a:
thatkisapig-AC
caq-erstab-FT.3P
“After they bring the pig, they stab [and butcher] that pig by the name of thatboy and that girl whose wedding will take place.”
2’01 caq-e-kistab-VN-GE
ba:de-noafter-LO
a:beri-kithey-GE
na:miname
palna-dso.and.so-NM
arand
palna-hso.and.so-M
inte-ntetoday-AB
oóå-erbecome.man.and.wife-FT.3P
“After they stab [the pig, saying] their name [, they proclaim] ‘So-and-so andso-and-so become man and wife from today.’ ”
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2’05 a:
thati:ber-ki-dethese-GE-NM
uj-e-delive-VN-NM
ekdamalways
e:óuwell
men-andedbe-OP.3S.NM
‘May the lives of these be always well.’
2’43 a:ber-kithey-GE
na:me-tiname-IN
pu:jaritual
men-idbe-PR.3S.NM
“The puja is [performed] in their name [by their relatives].”
2’45 caq-nerstab-PR.3P
anteand
palnaso-and-so
inte-ntetoday-AB
i:this
maqeboy-DA
ahi-kihe-GE
tambako-kifather-GE
na:mi-nname-AC
anteand
a:
thatmaqe-kiboy-GE
na:mi-nname-AC
araand
peli-kigirl-GE
tambako-ki-nfather-GE-AC
araand
peli-ki-dgirl-GE-NM
na:mi-nname-AC
awã-kersay-CP.3P
anteand
pu:ja:
ritualnan-erdo-PR.3P
“After stabbing the pig, they say this boy’s father’s name and that boy’s name[together], and [then say] the girl’s father’s and the girl’s name [together], andperform the puja.”
2’58 inte-ntetoday-AB
iberthese
oóåermarried.couple
iber-kithese-GE
e:óuwell
sukhãan-sehappiness-in
ão:k-anderstay-OP.3P
e:óuwell
uj-anderlive-OP.3P
a:n-kersay-CP.3P
ad-init-AC
caq-qerstab-CP.3P
anteand
a:únothere
ad-init-AC
kiïã-erdivide-FT.3P
“Having said ‘May this couple stay well in happiness, may they live well fromtoday on’, they stab it and then divide it.”
3’08 ad-inethat-AC
toka-rrelative-P
ca:gr-naqerdivide-REC
ma:k-ameat-AC
toóa.toóaa.little
goúe-kiall-GE
toka-rrelative-P
a:ber-ikthey-DA
tay-ersend-FT.3P
thoóa.thoóaa.little
goúe-hiall-EPH
ahe-kihe-GE
kandane-rrelative-P
aber-ikthey-DA
“They divide that meat little by little for all relatives. They send it to them,for all his [and her] relatives.”
3’16 a:
CR
inohere
jo:
CR
bic-adbe.boiled-PT.3S.NM
ad-inthat-AC
aãulte-ninner-AC
ceiro-dheart.and.liver-NM
a:n-imsay-PR.1P.E
ad-inthat-AC
bit-ercook-FT.3P
“We call the inner part of that which is cookedceiro [‘heart and liver’]. Theycook it [for the couple].”
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3’20 a:
CR
inetoday
bihawedding
men-idtake.place-PR.3S.NM
a:
thatpahr-notime-LO
em-kiwe.E-GE
batteside
bihawedding
men-itake.place-PR.3S
a:
thatpahr-notime-LO
“When the wedding takes place today, when the wedding takes place on ourside,”
3’28 peli-kigirl-GE
arand
muóse-kiman-GE
e:kone
si:ú-noseat-LO
ok-ersit-FT.3P
indakethis.way
“The bride’s [people, i.e. the bride and the performer of the rite like her uncle,and the match-maker] and the bridegroom’s [people] sit on one [mat] seat thisway.”
3’33 adanothen
a:ber-ikethey-DA
indakethis.way
úeúu-nhand-AC
ok-ersit-FT.3P
“Then they [i.e. the couple] sit with hands [covering their face] to them thisway.”
3’35 adanothen
toóa.toóa-tilittle.by.little-IN
inte-ntetoday-AB
iberthese
oóåermarried.couple
arthey
jama-lap-eratogether-eat-FT.3P
indru-goúe-hiwhat-ever-EPH
do:seguilt
men-la:ni-dbe-FT.NG.3S-NM
“Then, [since they do everything together as a married couple] little by littlefrom today, these [newly] married couple, they eat together, and still therewill be no guilt whatsoever.”
3’42 an-kersay-CP.3P
anteand
a:ber-ikthey-DA
ciy-nergive-PR.3P
anteand
meñj-abe.PT-3S
“They say so and [the match-makers] give [the bride] to them [i.e. the bride-groom’s family] and [the wedding] is done.”
3’45 ada-kithat-GE
ba:deafter
i:this
no:ãr-e-kiwash-VN-GE
ba:de-noafter-LO
phir.seagain
ok-nersit-PR.3P
“After that, after they have washed their hands, they sit again.”
3’47 adanothen
sundra:-nevermillion-AC
poro:å-tr-pe-dbe.soaked-TR-PAP-NM
ad-inethat-AC
peli-kigirl-GE
indakethis.way
anteand
a:hehe
úu:ã-epaint-3S
a:
thatpeli-dgirl-NM
hõtoo
nahe-khe-DA
indekthis.way
úu:ã-en[id]paint-FT.3S.NM
“Then he puts moistened vermillion [on] the bride’s [forehead] like this. Thatbride will also put [vermillion] on him this way.”
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4’00 a:dintentefrom.that.day?
a:berthey
oóåermarried.couple
a:úintetherewith
biha.sa:diwedding
meñj-abe.PT-3S
anteand
aãa-male-rhouse-people-P
awã-ersay-FT.3P
kiCPL
niNg-ayou-DA
id-inthis-AC
inte-ntetoday-AB
ceóaåniwitch
mel-labe-NG.3S
qalu-nithief-F
mel-labe-NG.3S
gaóiyalazy.person
mellabe-NG.3S
a:
thattaraårucrippled
mellabe-NG.3S
e:óugood
mal-ni-nperson-F-AC
niNg-ayou-DA
sopy-imgive-PR.1P.E
“From then on they are a married couple. The wedding is complete at thatpoint. And the family [of the bride] say, ‘We give you this girl today. She isnot a witch, a thief, a lazy or crippled woman. She is a good woman.’ ”
4’16 an-kesay-CP
anteand
siúu-kmatch.maker-DA
ciy-ergive-FT.3P
aãa-male-rhouse-people-P
taN-dada-hself-uncle-M
“Having said so, the family, her uncle, give [her] to the match-maker.”
4’19 a:hCR.M
ok-ehsit-FT.3S.M
a:hhe
anteand
ah-Ehe-DA
ike-hwho-M
biha.muósebridegroom
men-ehbecome-FT.M
ah-ekhe-DA
indakethis.way
dari-tr-ehhold-TR-FT.3S.M
úeúu-nhand-AC
anteand
a:hhe
darc-ahhold.PT-3S.M
“He [the match-maker] makes him who is sitting, him who becomes the bride-groom, hold [her] hand like this, and he holds [it].”
4’25 dary-e-kihold-VN-GE
ba:de-noafter-LO
meñj-adbecome.PT-3S.NM
anteand
adi-kithat-GE
toqriy-adbe.finished.PT-3S.NM
indr-goúewhat-ever
awã-ehsay-FT.3S
ade-kithat-GE
ba:de-noafter-LO
ad-inshe-AC
aãa-ntehouse-AB
banda-kehpull-CP.3S
otr-ehtake.out-FT.3S
“After he holds [her hand], it is done and things related to that [i.e. the wed-ding] is finished. He says something and after that leads and takes her outfrom [her] house.”
4’34 ade-kithat-GE
ba:de-noafter-LO
sa:dimarriage
toqriy-adbe.finished.PT-3S.NM
a:úintethereon
bariati-rgroomsmen-P
apnaown
aãa-kehouse-DA
oy-ertake-FT.3P
ad-inshe-AC
“After that the wedding is finished. Then the groomsmen take her to [thebridegroom’s] house.”
4’41 a:
thatdosranext
dine-noday-LO
inatoday
ad-inshe-AC
oc-artake.PT-3P
id-inthis.F-AC
e:r-otisee-IF
ad-inthat-AC
lunti-dreception-NM
a:n-imsay-PR.1P.E
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“On the next day, in order to see this [girl] whom they took away [the daybefore] — we call this reception —”
4’49 a:úintethereupon
peli-kigirl-GE
aãa-malerhouse-people-P
toqa-rrelative-P
a:berthey
bar-ercome-FT.3P
inohere
lap-otieat-IF
mo:q-otieat-IF
“Then the bride’s family and relatives come, today for eating [and not forformality].”
4’55 a:ber-inthey-AC
jetnahow.much(H)
juúa-r-ibe.collected(H)-IT-3S
taãi-kotoddy-be.it
cahethough(H)
ma:kumeat
ja:gucooked.rice
a:ber-inthey-AC
lap-tr-ereat-TR-FT.3P
“They [i.e. the bridegroom’s family] make them eat as much [food] as theycan collect, maybe toddy, meat, or rice.”
5’01 inatoday
ão:k-erstay-FT.3P
le:latomorrow
a:ber-ikthey-DA
bidaleave(H)
men-a:nibe-FT.3S.NM
“They will stay on that day. On the next day they take leave [of the host].”
5’05 phiragain
a:ber-inthey-AC
goúe-r-nihiall-P-AC.EPH
isaånamanderanoint?
inder kuderte bidaleave
nan-erdo-FT.3P
otr-erbring-FT.3P
bahre:-koutside-DA
“Again .... they say goodbye and [the bridegroom’s family] go out [of thehouse] with them [to see them off].”
5’10 ada-kithat-GE
ba:de-noafter-LO
samby-ershake.hands-FT.3P
anteand
a:berthey
kir-erreturn-FT.3P
a:berthey
aãa-khouse-DA
bar-ercome-FT.3P
“After that they shake hands and they return and go home.”
5’18 biha-nowedding-LO
jo:.biwhatever(H)
juúa-r-i-dbe.collected-IT-3S-NM
da:lipulse
ti:qalurice
a:lupotato
ma:kumeat
jeseas(H)
pa:ryin-ercan-FT.3P
oryetr-oticollect-IF
“(What food do they serve?) — At wedding, whatever is available, dal, rice,potato, meat, depending on what they can get.”
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5’29 ki:ówa-rpoor-P
ta:nuthen
tothen
jese.teseplain(H)
men-a:nidbe-FT.3S.NM
“If they are poor, then [the food] will be something plain.”
25
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3. Story, told by Miss Shanti Malto of Mokri Pahar, at the primary school of thevillage where she teaches.
0’00 eN-kiI-GE
na:miname
sa:ntiPROP
malto:
PROP
eN-kiI-GE
abo-kifather-GE
na:miname
da:udPROP
malto:
PROP
eN-kiI-GE
qepuvillage
mokriPROP
posúepost.office
baóa.gagriPROP
thanapolice.station
li úipaóaPROP
jiladistrict
pa:kuóePROP
“My name is Shanti Malto. My father’s name is Daud Malto. My village isMokri. Post office is Bara Gagri, police station Littipara, district Pakur.”
0’25 a:ú-kithere-GE
ão:k-u-nstay-PP-1S
e:nuI
“I am a local resident of the area.”
0’28 to:
ITJ
enI
e:ïã-ondpiece-one
qe:ri-nstory-AC
teNå-otitell-IF
ugley-inwant-PR.1S
“I want to tell a story.”
0’52 emwe.E
tinthree
jinepeople
unãqal-embrother-1P.E
“We are siblings of three.”
0’55 toITJ
tinthree
jine-mihıpeople-EPH
tinthree
jine-nopeople-LO
goúe-mihıall-EPH
paóck-emread.PT-1P.E
“All of the three got education.”
1’00 teand?
baya-kielder.brother-GE
bihawedding
meñj-abe.PT-3S
nuni-kiyounger.sister-GE
hõtoo
bihawedding
meñj-abe.PT-3S
“The elder brother got married and the younger sister got married, too.”
1’04 e:
ITJ
sirponly
anakunow
eN-kiI-GE
ba:kiunmarried
toITJ
eN-kiI-GE
aãa-nohouse-LO
eN-kiI-GE
beãaya:rgrandmother
dada-beruncle-P
ão:k-nerstay-PR.3P
“[Wedding has not taken place] only for me now, I am single. In my house,my grandmother and my uncles live.”
1’09 toITJ
aya.babermother.father
(eNg-e)I-DA
goúe-riall-P
ão:k-nerstay-PR.3P
“Both my parents are in life.”
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1’13 e:nI
enã-onCLS-one
qe:ri-nstory-AC
teNå-otitell-IF
ugley-inwant-1S
em-kiwe.E-GE
bice-noamong-LO
“I want to tell a story [told] among us.”
1’19 kiCPL
enã-onCLS-one
qep-novillage-LO
ortone
na:kuPROP
na:mi-kiname-GE
ortone
male-hman-M
ão:ky-ahstay.PT-3S.M
“There lived a man named Naku in a village.”
1’26 ahe-kihe-GE
enó-isCLS-two
o:yuox
ãoky-astay.PT-3S
“He had two oxen.”
1’29 anteand
enó-isCLS-two
oydu-noox-LO
enã-onCLS-one
oyduox
essavery
gaóiyalazy
meñj-abe.PT-3S
enã-ondCLS-one
oyduox
essavery
ca:óediligent
meñj-abe.PT-3S
“Of the two oxen, one ox was very lazy, the other was very diligent.”
1’46 anteand
i:this
na:kuPROP
dinenıeveryday
ad-inthat-AC
bahai-pahrajoining-time
gaóiyalazy
oy-aox-AC
essavery
baj-abeat-?
siNgy-ahuse.to.PT-3S.M
“And everyday, he was beating the lazy ox when he yoked the two together.”
1’52 anteand
din-onday-one?
esse:very
bajy-ahbeat.PT-3S.M
essaso
bajy-ahbeat.PT-3S.M
kiCPL
a:
thatoyduox
kec-adie.PT-3S
“And one day he beated it so hard that the ox died.”
1’58 key-e-kidie-VN-GE
qo:quafter
a:hhe
indrawhat
kudy-ahdo.PT-3S.M
kiCPL
e:nI
agarif
i:this
oy-acow-AC
anakunow
mand-inbury-1S
tanthen
eNg-leckime-for
indr-goúe-hıwhat-ever-EPH
ja:gurice
lapotieat-IF
indr-goúewhat-ever
jimr-la:nibe.obtained-FT.NG.3S
“What did he do after it died? ‘If I bury this ox now, then no food whatsoeverwill be available for me.’ ”
2’10 a:-le:ckithat-for
e:nI
i:this
oy-aox-AC
indrawhat
kud-endo-FT.1S
‘Then, what shall I do about this ox?’
27
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2’13 i:this
oy-kiox-GE
cambe-nhide-AC
e:nuI
otr-kenbring-CP.1S
anteand
bajare-kmarket-DA
oca-kentake-CP.1S
bi:s-ensell-FT.1S
an-lesay-CP
socc-ahthink.PT-3S.M
“He thought, ‘I will bring this ox’s hide, take it to the market, and sell it.’ ”
2’19 anteand
jabwhen
ã:hhe
adi-kithat-GE
oy-kiox-GE
cambe-nhide-AC
otr-kehbring-CP.3S.M
anteand
bajare-kmarket-DA
oca-pahr-notake-time-LO
pu:rawhole
bajare-nomarket-LO
aduthat
bika-r-labe.sold-IT-PT.NG.3S
“And when he brought that ox’s hide and took it to the market, it did not sellin the whole market.”
2’27 anteand
ã:hhe
socc-ahthink.PT-3S.M
e:nI
pu:rawhole
bajare-nmarket-AC
gurar-kenwalk.about-CP.1S
lekinbut
eN-kiI-GE
cambehide
indruwhat
indr-goúewhat-ever
bika-r-labe.sold-IT-PT.NG.3S
“And he thought, ‘I walked about in the whole market but my hide did notsell at all.’ ”
2’34 a:-leckithat-for
e:noI
anakunow
e:k.e:keach
aãa-khouse-DA
ek-kengo-CP.1S
anteand
eN-kiI-GE
cambe-nhide-AC
bi:s-ensell-FT.1S
an-lesay-CP
ãhuhe
so:c-kehthink-CP.3S.M
anteand
e:k.e:keach
aãa-nhouse-AC
pu:raall
gurar-lewalk.around-CP
úokúoktry-ahknock.PT-3S.M
“Therefore, he thought ‘Now I will visit each house and sell my hide’ andwent around each and every houses and knocked.”
2’43 ta:nuthen
goúeeveryone
ahe-kihe-GE
cambenhide
ne:-goúewho-ever
oy-latake-PT.NG.3S
“Then nobody took his hide.”
2’46 adi-kithat-GE
qo:quafter
a:hhe
phi:ragain
socc-ahthink.PT-3S.M
kiCPL
e:nI
anakunow
indrawhat
kud-endo-FT.1S
“After that he thought again, ‘What shall I do now?’ ”
2’51 aãa-aãa-taóehouse-house-DISTRB
ek-ke-ngo-CP-1S
anteand
aenI
a:ber-nithey-DA.EPH
úo:kúo:ktr-kenknock-CP.1S
ado-keponmore-once
awã-ensay-FT.1S
an-kesay-CP
anteand
ekiy-ahgo.PT-3S.M
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“Having said ‘I will go to each house, knock one more time and ask’, hewent.”
2’58 anteand
enã-onCLS-one
aãa-nohouse-LO
ortone
essa-hivery-EPH
essavery
pacoold.woman
ãoky-astay.PT-3S
“And there lived a very old woman in one house.”
3’03 adi-kishe-GE
indr-goúewhat-ever
lap-otieat-IF
moq-otieat-IF
mel-labe-PT.NG.3S
issathis.much
ki:ówapoor
pacoold.woman
meñj-abe.PT-3S
“She was such a poor old woman that she did not have anything to eat.”
3’08 tanu-goúethen-even
adushe
ah-enhe-AC
bali-ndoor-AC
kol-kiopen-CP
úunã-ilook-PR.3S
anteand
sa:mne-nonear-LO
a:
thatcambe-nhide-AC
qo:qeback
ij-astand.PT-3S
anteand
a:dshe
essavery
ceåñjy-afeel.compassionPT-3S
“Nevertheless, she opened the door, sees him. She carried that hide on herback and felt great compassion.”
3’15 anteand
a:dshe
awãy-adsay.PT-3S.NM
úunã-alook-IP
e:nuI
yahã:here(H)
ki:ówa-npoor-1S
“And she said, ‘Look, I am poor here.’ ”
3’19 parebut
niNg-eyou-DA
indrawhat
ciy-enengive-FT.1S
eNg-bahnoI-LO
indr-goúewhat-ever
mal-abe.not-PR.3S
‘But what shall I give you? I have nothing.’
3’24 lekinbut
eN-kiI-GE
be:ãogreat
beãiyo-rgrandfather-P
a:
thatenã-onCLS-one
bartane-npot-AC
ok-tr-kersit-TR-CP.3P
ekiy-argo.PT-3P
‘But my ancestors placed that one pot and went.’
3’29 a:
thatbartane-npot-AC
e:nI
niNg-eyou-DA
ciy-engive-FT.1S
ni:nyou
a:
thatcambe-nhide-AC
qaú-agive-IP
‘I will give you that pot. You give me that hide.’
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3’32 anteand
ni:nuyou
a:
thatbartane-npot-AC
oca-ketake-CP
indra-goúewhat-ever
ka:je-nwork-AC
kud-okado-IP
an-kisay-CP?
a:
thatboãoold.woman
tey-asend.PT-3S
‘And you take that pot, go and do whatever work [you can do with it].’ Havingsaid so, she sent him off.
3’39 tey-e-kisend-VN-GE
qoquafter
a:
thatbartane-npot-AC
pe:r-kehcatch-CP.3S.M
anteand
ekiy-ahgo.PT-3S.M
“Then he took that pot up and went.”
3’44 ekiy-ahgo.PT-3S.M
anteand
pa:w-noway-LO
enã-onCLS-one
kuwa-nwell-AC
aïãa-kehfind-CP.3S.M
anteand
a:úi-bahnothere-LO
qeãe-indrfoot-what
no:ó-kehwash-CP.3S.M
anteand
en?
juãashade
behc-abe.PT-3S
a:ú-nothere-LO
qa:ne:å-otitake.rest-IF
leckifor
okiy-ahsit.PT-3S.M
“Then he found a well on the way and washed feet and so on there. Therewas a shade, and he sat there to take rest.”
3’53 okiy-ahsit.PT-3S.M
a:
thatpahr-notime-LO
a:hthat
taN-kiself-GE
bartane-npot-AC
úuïãiy-ahsee.PT-3S.M
anteand
kithat-LO
ad-nodust
duóiattach-IT-PP?
qap-r-pebe.PT-3S
meñj-a
“When he sat, he saw his own pot, and dust was attached on that.”
4’09 anteand
ad-inthat-AC
sapacleaning
nan-otdo-IF
uglec-ahwant.PT-3S.M
“And he felt like cleaning it.”
4’04 sapacleaning
nany-ahdo.PT-3S.M
e:nI
eN-kiI-GE
qeã-afoot-AC
dureonly
noó-kenwash-CP.1S
eN-kiI-GE
bartane-npot-AC
e:nI
sapacleaning
nan-o:kendo-PT.NG.1S
an-kesay-CP
anteand
ahhe
oca-ketake-CP
anteand
ad-inthat-AC
no:óiy-ahwash.PT-3S.M
“He cleaned it. Saying ‘I washed only my feet and I did not wash my pot’, hetook and washed it.”
4’10 a:
thatpahr-notime-LO
pu:raall
gandadust
ad-intethat-AB
qaju-dmud-NM
urqiy-adcome.out.PT-3S.NM
“At that time, mud came out from the whole chunk of dust.”
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4’14 anteand
a:
thatqaju-dmud-NM
urqiy-adcome.out.PT-3S.NM
adi-kithat-GE
qo:quafter
enã-onCLS-one
sona-kigold-GE
kalsa-dpitcher-NM
urqiy-adcome.out.PT-3S.NM
ad-antethat-AB
“And then a golden pitcher came out of it.”
4’20 anteand
ahhe
essa:very
apokariy-ahbe.happy-3S.M
“And he was very happy.”
4’22 enI
to:
TOP
cambe-nhide-AC
oca-kentake-CP.1S
cica-kengive.PT-1S
a:
thateN-kiI-GE
‘I took and gave that cowhide of mine.’
4’25 a:
thatbuão-dold.woman-NM
eNg-eI-DA
sona-kigold-GE
enã-onCLS-one
kalsa-npitcher-AC
qaúiy-adgive.PT-3S.NM
an-kehsay-CP.3S.M
anteand
ekiy-ahgo.PT-TSG.M
‘That old woman gave me a golden pitcher.’ Having said so, he went.
4’29 ekiy-ahgo.PT-3S.M
anteand
a:huhe
taN-kiself-GE
qep-novillage-LO
ortuone
sonaregoldsmith
ão:ky-ahstay.PT-3S.M
“He went. And there was a goldsmith in his village.”
4’36 sonare-kgoldsmith-DA
ahe-nhe-AC
a:
thatbartane-npitcher-AC
cic-ahgive.PT-3S.M
“He gave that pitcher to the goldsmith.”
4’39 anteand
a:huhe
gaói:much
pe:sa-nomoney-LO
ad-inthat-AC
badleca-kehchange-CP.3S.M
anteand
ondry-ahbring.PT-3S.M
“And he changed it for a lot of money and took [that money] away.”
4’45 anteand
qepo-male-rvillage-person-P
pu:raall
ah-enhe-AC
andu:la:ry-arbe.surprised.PT-3P
“And the village people were all surprised about him.”
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4’48 i:this
cambe-d-atohide-NM-be.it
indrwhat
inonthis.much
úaka-n-atomoney-AC-be.it[yah ... jo hai]
sona-n-atogold-AC-be.it
bikar-lanidbe.sold-FT.NG.3S.NM
‘Things like this cowhide will not sell for this much money or gold.’[?]
4’52 ihe-khe-DA
iknehow
bikary-adbe.sold.PT-3S.NM
an-kersay-CP.3P
anteand
pu:raall
na:ku-bahnoPROP-LO
meñj.he:ry-arask.PT-3P
‘How could he sell it?’ Saying so, all asked Naku.
4’56 anteand
na:kuPROP
awãiy-ahsay.PT-3S.M
kiCPL
úunã-alook-IP
“And Naku said, ‘Look,’ ”
4’58 ortone
paco-dold.woman-NM
eNg-eI-DA
bikar-ladbe.sold-PT.NG.3S.NM
an-isay-CP
ortone
paco-bahnoold.woman-LO
ek-kengo-CP.1S
anteand
e:nI
id-inthis.NM-AC
cambe-nhide-AC
sona-kigold-GE
indru-nowhat-LO
badle:ca-kenchange.PT-1S
‘I could not sell it. So I went to one old lady’s place and I changed this hidefor something [?] containing gold.’
5’06 an-kosay-CP
qepo-male-rvillage-people-P
pu:ra:
allnaku-nPROP-AC
na:ku-kiPROP-GE
saba-nword-AC
patyar-kerbelieve.in-CP.3P
anteand
aberthey
pu:raall
tam-kithemselves-GE
tam-kithemselves-GE
oy-acow-AC
goúeriall
tam-kithemselves-GE
oy-acow-AC
piúiy-arkill. PT-3P
“Then the village people all believed Naku’s word and they all killed theircows.”
5’16 piú-kerkill- CP.3P
anteand
goúe-rall-P
cambe-nhide-AC
indruwhat
cambe-nhide-AC
otr-kerbring-CP.3P
anteand
a:
thatcambe-nhide-AC
bi:s-o:tisell-IF
leckifor
bajare-kmarket-DA
occ-artake.PT-3P
“Having killed their cows, they all took cowhide and brought it to the marketin order to sell it.”
5’25 anteand
ne:-dwho-NM
hõ:
evenqe:å-olarbuy-PT.NG.3P
“And nobody bought it.”
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5’27 ne:-dwho-NM
hõ:
evenqe:å-olarbuy-PT.NG.3P
anteand
i:this
na:kuPROP
indrawhat
kudy-ahdo.PT-3S.M
umITJ
male-rperson-P
indrawhat
kudy-ardo.PT-3P
“Nobody bought it and what did this Naku do? I mean, what did the peopledo?”
5’33 pu:raall
na:ku-mecaPROP-on
ro:kary-arbe.angry.PT-3P
“They all got angry at Naku.”
5’35 anteand
barc-kercome-CP.3P
anteand
na:ku-kiPROP-GE
goú
allsama:ne-npossession-AC
anteand
e:nonhow.much
a:
thatsonaregoldsmith
bah-anteplace-AB
badle:c-ahchange.PT-3S
pe:samoney
goúe-nihıall-EPH
aãa-n-indruhouse-AC-what
goúe-nihıall-EPH
me:nd-arset.on.fire.PT-3P
“Then they came and they set all the belongings of Naku, and all the moneythat he changed at the goldsmith’s place, his house, and everything on fire.”
5’45 anteand
na:kuPROP
durealone
ba:cary-ahbe.saved.PT-3S
“And only Naku was saved.”
5’47 anteand
indrawhat
kudy-ãhudo.PT-3S.M
essavery
dukwary-ahbe.distressed.PT-3S.M
“What did he do? He was distressed very much.”
5’50 dukwar-e-kibe.distressed-VN-GE
qo:qoafter
a:huhe
taN-kiself-GE
a:rand
taN-kiself-GE
aãa-kihouse-GE
joRL
qos-peburn-PP?
oóme-indruash-what
goúe-niall-EPH
pe:r-kecatch-CP
enã-onCLS-one
bail-gaói-noox-cart-LO
pe:r-kehcatch-CP.3S.M
anteand
“After he was distressed, he took all the ash of his house and what [else] wasburnt, carried it on an ox-cart,”
6’05 dosraother
qep-novillage-LO
ão:k-enstay-FT.1S
an-lesay-CP
a:huhe
eky-ahgo.PT-3S.M
“and thinking ‘I will live in another village’, he went.”
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6’05 dosraother
qep-novillage-LO
ão:k-enstay-FT.1S
an-lesay-CP
a:huhe
eky-ahgo.PT-3S.M
“and thinking ‘I will live in another village’, he went.”
6’07 e:k-e-kigo-VN-GE
qo:qoafter
a:huhe
indrawhat
kudy-ahdo.PT-3S.M
kiCPL
e:k-pahrago.RT-time
pa:w-noroad-LO
ortone
ra:jkumare-nprince-AC
beúary-ahmeet.PT-3S.M
“What did he do after he went? When he was going, he met a prince on theroad.”
6’16 ra:jkumare-hprince-M
a:
thatpa:wroad
essavery
qond-kebe.tired-CP
barc-ahcome.PT-3S.M
“The prince came on that road very tired.”
6’19 ãaãe-nojungle-LO
puja-indrubird-what
piú-kehkill- CP.3S.M
anteand
essavery
qond-kebe.tired-CP
barc-ahcome.PT-3S.M
anteand
awãiy-ahsay.PT-3S.M
“He hunted birds and so on in the jungle and he came very tired. And hesaid.”
6’25 o:
ITJ
maleman
ni:nyou
eNg-enI-AC
jokkaa.little
hiEPH
eN-kiI-GE
ra:jmahale-kpalace-DA
oy-otitake-IF
amaúuntil
eNg-eI-DA
sagacompany
behi-lebe-SJ.2S.M
‘I say, fellow, you be my companion while you take me to my palace.’
6’31 niN-kiyou-GE
oy-gaói-noox-cart-LO
eNg-enI-AC
ok-tr-kesit-TR-CP[.2S.M]
oy-letake-SJ.2S.M
‘You let me sit on your ox-cart and take me.’
6’36 anothere
essavery
e:óugood
mel-lebe-SJ.2S.M
an-lesay-CP
a:huhe
awãiy-ahsay.PT-3S.M
‘You will be well there [in appreciation].’ Thus he said.
6’39 anteand
indrawhat
kudyahdo.PT-3S.M
i:this
na:kuPROP
ahe-kihe-GE
saba-nword-AC
meñja-kehear-CP
awãiy-ahsay.PT-3S.M
“And what did this Naku do? Having heard the prince’s word, he said.”
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6’47 ni:nyou
okk-a:nesit-FT.2S.M?
okk-ot-atosit-IF-be.it
lekinbut
e:kone
sa:rte-nocaravan[?]-LO
ninyou
okk-a:nesit-FT.2S.M
eN-ki-noI-GE-LO
kiCPL?
eN-kiI-GE
bail-gaói-noox-cart-LO
ok-kesit-CP
ni:nuyou
inq-oticough-IF
ca:hi-olawant-PR.NG.3S
‘You take seat if [you want] to sit. But you will sit on my ox-cart ........ Youmust not cough.’
6’57 agarif
inq-ne:cough-PR.2S.M
ta:nuthen
eN-kiI
enã-onCLS-one
so:na:-kigold-GE
indruwhat
uúa-kehide-CP
ondri-narcarry-PR.3P
goúe-d-ihiall-NM-EPH
oómeash
le:r-a:nidbecome-FT.3S.NM
‘If you cough, they are carrying a golden thing of mine hiding.’
7’05 an-lesay-CP
ah-enhe-AC
pasye:-tr-ketell.lie-TR-CP
awãiy-ahsay.PT-3S.M
“He said so to him lying.”
7’07 adi-kithat-GE
qo:qoafter
indrawhat
kudiy-ahdo.PT-3S.M
pu:ra:
alle:nI
andakithat.way
kud-enamalado-FT.NG.1S
andakithat.way
inq-enamalacough-FT.NG.1S
a:-leckithat-for
ni:nyou
eNg-enI-AC
ok-tr-asit-TR-IP
an-kosay-CP
“What did he do after that? [The prince] said ‘I will never do so. I will notcough. So you let me sit.’ ”
7’17 i:this
na:kuPROP
ah-enhe-AC
ok-tr-kehsit-TR-CP
anteand
a:da:
halfdu:rfar
oc-ahtake.PT-3S.M
“This Naku let him sit and took up to halfway [on the road].”
7’21 a:da:
halfdu:re-nofar-LO
essa-hivery-EPH
inq-e-kicough-VN-GE
uglimind
barc-adcome.PT-3S.NM
ah-ekhe-DA
“Halfway [on the road], he felt like coughing very much.”
7’24 anteand
indrawhat
kudy-ahdo.PT-3S.M
aca:nakunexpectedly
inq-ecough-VN
tey-ahsend.PT-3S.M[?]
“And what did he do? He burst out coughing unexpectedly.”
7’27 anteand
pu:raall
a:huhe
na:kuPROP
a:ú-nothere-LO
olå-oticry-IF
suru:beginning
nany-ahdo.PT-3S.M
“And that Naku started crying on the spot,”
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7’31 kiCPL
ni:nuyou
eN-kiI-GE
goú
allsonagold
oómeash
du:reonly
nan-kedo-CP
“saying ‘You made all my gold just ash.’ ”
7’36 a:-leckithat-for
e:nuI
anakunow
niNg-enyou-AC
dary-encatch-FT.1S
nan-kehsay-CP.3S.M
‘Therefore I will now catch you.’ Having said so,
7’39 anteand
ah-enhe-AC
pu:ra:
allra:jkumare-nprince-AC
pu:raall
qaóy-otireproach-IF
lagary-ahstart.PT-3S.M
“He started to blame the prince.”
7’43 anteand
i:this
ra:jkumareprince
indrawhat
kudy-ahdo.PT-3S.M
anothere
ra:jmahale-kepalace-DA
aós-kehreach-CP.3S.M
anteand
ã:
thatoóme-nash-AC
pu:raall
e:k-tr-kehgo-TR-CP.3S.M
anteand
sona-kigold-GE
sikka-ncoin-AC
goúe-nihıall-LO.EPH
a:
thatbail-gaói-noox-cart-LO
bara-tr-kefill- TR-CP
cic-ahgive.PT-3S.M
“And what did this prince do? When he arrived at the palace, he [had] the ashtotally cleaned up and filled the ox-cart with gold coin all over.”
7’56 anteand
phi:ragain
a:
thatqep-ikvillage-DA
kir-kereturn-CP
barc-ahcome.PT-3S.M
“And he [i.e. Naku] went back to that village again.”
7’59 anteand
male-rperson-P
meñj-arask.PT-3P
kiCPL
ni:nyou
atoTOP
oóme:
ashseEPH
pe:r-kecatch-CP
ek-kego.PT-2S.M
ni:nyou
toTOP
sona-ngold-AC
toTOP
pe:r-kecatch-CP
e:k-olkego-PT.NG.2S.M
“And people asked, ‘You went taking the ash, but you didn’t go taking gold.’ ”
8’04 ni:nyou
oóme-nash-AC
pe:r-kecatch-CP
ek-kego.PT-2S.M
niN-kiyou-GE
iknihow
so:na-kigold-GE
indruwhat
qaq-oåriy-adgive-PA.PT-3S.NM
an-kosay-CP
‘You went with ash, and how come gold was given to you?’
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8’08 a:hhe
pu:raall
teNå-ahtell.PT-3S.M
kiCPL
malano
ra:jkumarprince
eNg-eI-DA
oóme-kiash-GE
badl-ahchange.PT-3S.M
sona-ngold-AC
qaúiy-ahgive.PT-3S.M
“He told them the whole story. ‘No, the prince changed ash [for it] for me.He gave [me] gold.”
8’12 antehe
pu:raall
male-rtell.PT-3S.M
phirCPL
dusrano
dineprince
tam-kiI-DA
tam-kiash-GE
“He told them the whole story. ‘No, the prince changed ash [for it] for me.He gave [me] gold.”
8’12 anteand
pu:raall
male-rman-P
phiragain
dusraother
dineday
tam-kithemselves-GE
tam-kithemselves-GE
“Then all people began burning their own houses on another day.”
8’17 me:nda-kerset.on.fire-CP.P
anteand
pu:raall
tam-kithemselves-GE
indruwhat
oóme-nash-AC
a:
thatra:jmahale-kpalace-DA
occ-artake.PT-3P
“After they burned their house, they all took ash to the palace.”
8’28 anteand
ra:jmahale-kpalace-DA
oy-e-kitake-VN-GE
qo:qoafter
indrawhat
kudy-ahdo.PT-3S.M
i:this
ra:jmahale-nopalace-LO
a:
thatoóme:
ashbikar-labe.sold-PT.NG.3S
“What did they do after they went to the palace? That ash did not sell in thispalace.”
8’36 anteand
pu:raall
iberthese
ro:kary-arget.angry.PT-3P
“And they all got angry.”
8’39 kiCPL
i:hthis.M
oóme-nash-AC
ikna:nohow
ahe-kihe-GE
ikna:nohow
oóme-kiash-GE
badl-ahchange.PT-3S.M
so:na:
goldqaq-oåry-agive-PA.PT-3S
nam-ewe.I-DA
iknehow
qaq-oår-olargive-PA-PT.NG.3P[?]
‘How did this [Naku] change his ash? [How] was gold given [to him]? Howcome gold was not given to us?’
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8’44 an-kersay-CP.3P
anteand
pu:ra:
allna:ku-nPROP-AC
occa-kertake-CP.3P
anteand
e:ïã-onCLS-one
úokri-nobasket-LO
pu:raall
ah-enhe-AC
coñjiy-artie.PT-3P
am-nowater-LO
e:g-emthrow.away-FT.1P.E
an-lesay-CP
“Having said so, they caught Naku together and tied him in a basket together,saying they will throw him in water.”
8’51 anteand
ah-enhe-AC
coñj-kertie-CP.3P
anteand
qow-kercarry.on.shoulder-CP.3P
occ-artake.PT-3P
“They tied him and took him carrying [the basket] on their shoulders.”
8’55 anteand
pa:w-noroad-LO
aberthey
qond-kerbe.tired-CP.3P
anteand
a:
thatúokri-nbasket-AC
ok-triy-arsit-TR.PT-3P
“And they were tired on the way and put that basket down.”
8’58 ok-tr-e-kisit-TR-VN-GE
qo:quafter
aberthey
jokasmall
nadi-kriver-DA
eky-argo.PT-3P
anteand
muñj-r-kewash.face-RF-CP
no:ã-r-kewash.hands.and.feet-RF-CP
bar-oticome-IF
uglec-arwant.PT-3P
“After they put it down, they went into a small river, washed their face, handsand feet, and felt like going back.”
9’05 anteand
goúe-r-ihiall-P-EPH
eky-ahgo.PT-3S.M
“And they all went.”
9’06 ad-nothat-LO
ortone
gowale-hherdsman-M
aúi-bahnothere-LO
ão:ky-ahstay.PT-3S.M
“There lived a herdsman there.”
9’09 anteand
a:
thatgowaleherdsman
úunãiy-ahsee.PT-3S.M
úokri-nbasket-AC
“And that herdsman saw the basket.”
9’12 kiCPL
iberthese
indrawhat
oy-nertake-PR.3P
an-kehsay-CP.3S.M
anteand
a:
thatúokri-nbasket-AC
úunã-otisee-IF
eky-ahgo.PT-3S.M
a:
thatpahr-notime-LO
‘What are they carrying?’ Wondering so, he went to see that basket then.
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9’17 úokri-nobasket-LO
ortone
male-hman-M
oky-ahsit.PT-3S.M
“There was a man sitting in the basket.”
9’19 anteand
a:
thatmale-nman-AC
alk-tr-keopen-TR-CP
meñj.he:ry-ahask.PT-3S.M
kiCPL
niNg-enyou-AC
indru-le:ckiwhat-for
indakithis.way
coñj-kertie-CP.3P
oy-nertake-PR.3P
an-kosay-CP
“And he opened [it] and asked that man [sitting inside], ‘Why do they tie youthis way and carry?’ ”
9’25 a:
thatmale-hman-M
indrawhat
awãy-ahsay.PT-3S.M
úunã-alook-IP
eNg-enI-AC
biha:
weddingnan-otido-IF
awã-nersay-PR.3P
“What did that man [i.e. Naku] say? ‘Look, they tell me to get married.’ ”
9’29 anithen
e:nI
a:
thatpeligirl
maóm-alkenlove-PR.NG.1S
a:-le:ckithat-for
e:nI
e:k-otgo-IF
ugley-o:kenwant-PR.NG.1S
‘But I don’t like that girl. That’s why I don’t want to go.’
9’33 anithus
iberthese
indrawhat
kud-nerdo-PR.3P
eNg-enI-AC
indakithis.way
coñj-kertie-CP.3P
anteand
oy-nertake-PR.3P
an-lesay-CP
‘So what they are doing is they tied me this way and are taking me.’
9’38 i:huthis.M
indrawhat
kudy-ahdo.PT-3S.M
ah-enhe-AC
pusle:-try-ahlie-TR.PT-3S.M
“What did this man do? He told a lie to him.”
9’40 anteand
ı:hhe
awãy-ahsay.PT-3S.M
e:noI
majaqanipretty
peligirl
ni:nyou
indrikwhy
maómen-o:kelike-PR.NG.2S.M
“Then he said, ‘Why don’t you like a pretty girl?’ ”
9’44 e:nI
a:.dinethen
accha:
okayni:nyou
urq-acome.out-IP
‘Well, then, you come out.’
9’46 e:nI
ok-kensit-CP.1S
anteand
ni:nyou
qo:qwjo:
afterwardsumITJ
e:nI
peli-ngirl-AC
bedu:r-enmarry-FT.1S
‘I will sit and you, I mean, I, will marry the girl later.’
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9’53 ni:nyou
eN-kiI-GE
oy-acow-AC
oy-anetake-FT.2S.M
an-kehsay-CP.3S.M
anteand
pu:raall
a:hhe
pusle:-tr-kolie-TR-CP
‘You take my cattle.’ He [i.e. herdsman] said so. He [i.e. Naku] made himbelieve the lie.
9’57 ithis
gowaleherdsman
indrawhat
kudy-ahdo.PT-3S.M
úokri-nbasket-AC
pu:raall
kol-keopen-CP
tanthen
korc-keenter-CP
oky-ahsit.PT-3S.M
na:kuPROP
urqy-ahcome.out.PT-3S.M
“What did this herdsman do? He opened up the basket totally, then went in itand sat. Naku came out.”
10’04 urq-e-kicome.out-VN-GE
qo:quafter
na:kuPROP
indrawhat
kudy-ahdo.PT-3S.M
a:hhe
ah-enhe-AC
e:óuwell
seEPH
enã-onCLS-one
úo:kri-nobasket-LO
bicr-kehput.in-CP.3S.M
anteand
a:
thatgowale-nherdsman-AC
coñjiy-ahtie.PT-3S.M
“What did Naku do after he came out? He put the herdsman in a basket andtied him tight.”
10’13 coñj-e-kitie-VN-GE
qo:quafter
a:hhe
indrawhat
kudy-ahdo.PT-3S.M
gowale-kiherdsman-GE
o:y-acow-AC
eóe-ngoat-AC
goúe-nihıall-EPH
indrwhat
taN-kiself-GE
ta:nuself
oc-ahtake.PT-3S.M
“What did he do after tying? He took all the cattle and goats of the herdsmanas his own.”
10’22 a:that
gowale-nherdsman-AC
iberthese
na:kuPROP
oky-ahsit.PT-3S.M
an-kersay-CP.3P
male-rman-P
gowale-nherdsman-AC
goúe-nihıall-EPH
pe:r-kercatch-CP.3P
anteand
enã-onCLS-one
nadi-baha-kriver-place-DA
aósy-ararrive.PT-3P
“Saying of that herdsman ‘Naku is sitting’, these men took the herdsmantogether and arrived at a river.”
10’32 anteand
awãy-arsay.PT-3P
kiCPL
na:muwe.I
i:this
na:ku-nPROP-AC
id-nothis-LO
e:g-etthrow.away-FT.1P.I
anteand
i:hthis.M
atoTOP
key-ehdie-FT.3S.M
anakunow
any-arsay.PT-3P
“And they said, ‘We will throw away this Naku here, and he will die rightaway.’ ”
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10’38 anteand
jabwhen
a:berthey
e:g-otithrow.away-IF
úokri-nbasket-AC
peú-arthrow.PT-3P
a:
thatpahr-notime-LO
a:hhe
cirqy-ahshout.PT-3S.M
indrawhat
“And when they threw the basket to dump it, he shouted.”
10’45 kiCPL
e:nI
e:g-omathrow.away-IP.NG
eNg-enI-AC
bihawedding
nan-nerdo-PR.2P
an-kosay-CP
seEPH
e:nI
id-nothis-LO
ok-kensit-CP.1S
barc-kencome.PT-1S
‘Don’t dump me. I sat in here and came because he said you are marrying meoff.’
10’50 e:nI
na:kuPROP
mal-kenbe.not-PR.1S
e:nI
atoTOP
gowale-nherdsman-1S
an-kosay-CP
‘I am not Naku. I am a herdsman.’
10’53 annothen
goúeall
ni:nyou
ju:ú
lieqa:w-netell-PR.2S.M
an-kersay-CP.3P
a:
thatmale-nman
e:gy-athrow.away.PT-3S
“Then all said ‘You are telling a lie’, and threw that man away.”
10’56 anteand
qo:qwjo:
laterbarc-kecome-CP
úunã-nerlook-PR.3P
ta:nthen
na:kuPROP
taN-kiself-GE
e:óe-ngoat-AC
oy-acow-AC
goúe-nihiall-EPH
taN-kiself-GE
aãa-khouse-DA
aós-tr-kereach-TR-CP
ij-ahstand.PT-3S.M
“And when they came back, they saw that Naku had taken home all the goatsand cattle and was standing there.”
Abbreviations:AB: ablative;AC: accusative;CPL: complementizer;CLS: classifier;CR: correlative;CP: conjunctive participle;DA: dative;DISTRB: distributive;EPH:emphatic;E: exclusive;F: feminine;FT: future;GE: genitive;HP: habitual present;I: inclusive; IF: infinitive; IN: instrumental;IT: intransitive; IP: imperative; ITJ:interjection;LO: locative; M: masculine;NG: negative;NM: non-masculine;NO:nominative;OP: optative;PA: passive;PAP: passive participle;PT: past;P: plural;PR: present;PROP: proper noun;PP: present participle;REC: reciprocal;RF: re-flexive; RL: relative;RT: root; RED: reduplicant;SG: singular;SJ: subjunctive;TR:transitive;TOP: topicalizer;VN: verbal noun
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Malto phonemes:
short vowels a i u e olong vowels a: i: u: e: o:
voiceless stop p t ú c k qvoiced stop b d ã j gnasal m n (ï) (ñ) (N)flap r ó
lateral lfricative s (T, D) (S) å
glide w y
42