Transboundary rivers between China and neighboring countries

Department of International Cooperation

Ministry of Water Resources, P. R. China

Trans-boundary rivers between China and Neighboring Countries

Drought Disaster

Flood Disaster

Temperature on Surface（1901-2012）

Impacts of climate change

� Floods and droughts occur frequently

and sometimes simultaneously, and

seriously threat the local economic and

social development.

� Climate change may cause more

frequent flood and drought disasters.

� An important measure to protect the water, energy and food

security in the basin, a crucial channel to address climate change,

and a significant approach to safeguard and improve the regional

people's livelihood.

Security of Water, Energy and Food Production

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Energy Security:

Hydropower

Water Security:

Food Security:

Enhance the capacity of

water supply in the lower

reaches in the dry season,

and reduce the flooded

area in the rainy season

Important Contribution of China Trans-boundary

Rivers to Neighboring Countries

Effective Cooperation in Trans-boundary Rivers

between China and the Neighboring Countries

Prospect

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Contents

Introduction to Trans-boundary rivers between China

and the Neighboring Countries

� 13 bordering and 3 neighbored

countries;

� In the upper reaches;

� Water flowing outward across

or along Chinese borders is

about 730 billion m3, more than

30times that flowing into China;

� Good quality

North Korea

Russia

Mongolia

Kazakhstan

India

Viet Nam

LaosThailand

Cambodia

Myanmar

Bhutan

Bangladesh

Kyrgyz

Pakistan

Nepal

Tajikistan

China

Important Contributions of China’s Trans-boundary Rivers

to the Economic and Social Development of Neighboring

Countries

� Low utilization rate (7-8%) of water resources and hydropower

resources of trans-boundary rivers in China;

� China sticks to principles of putting people first, equality and

reasonability, balancing development and protection, and

cooperating friendly with neighboring countries;

� Ensure ecological safe and environmentally friendly;

� No marked impacts on the neighboring countries.

� Trans-boundary River Basin is located in the under-developed

region, extremely inconvenient transportation, and the less

access to food and clothing of part of its residents.

� Therefore, development of hydropower resources has become

the only way for the local people to survive and develop.

� Act strictly in line with laws and regulations

� Conduct EIA, compile EMP, establish EMS

� Make the Environment Damage Prevention Strategy

� Set up the sophisticated immigration policy and dam safety policy

� Carry out checking and assessment of the environment protection

facilities before projects complete

Measures Adopted to Mitigate the Negative

Impact on the Ecological Environment





Prospect

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Contents

Effective Cooperation in Trans-boundary Rivers between

China and the Neighboring Countries

Country

(Organization)

Trans-boundary Rivers

Cooperation Mechanisms

Sino-MRCDialogue meeting

Provision of Hydrological data

Sino-Kazakhstan Joint Steering Commission

Experts Group

Sino-Russia Joint Steering Commission

Experts Group

Sino-Indian Joint Steering Commission

Sino-Mongolia Joint Steering Commission

Experts Group

Sino-Viet Nam Provision of Hydrological data

Sino-North Korea Hydrological Cooperation

Sino-Bangladesh Provision of Hydrological data

� China has set up, as needed, multiple trans-boundary river

cooperation mechanisms with 12 neighboring countries.

Sino-MRC

H.E. CHEN Lei attended the 2nd MRC Summit in Ho Chi Minh, in April 2014

� China pays high attention to cooperation with MRC.

Sino-MRC

Drought Disaster in 2010

Meet with CEO in MWR Renewal of agreement

� Dialogue between China and MRC began in 1996.

� China provided hydrological information of flood seasons for

consecutive 11 years, and hydrological information of extreme dry

season in 2010.

Sino-MRC

Technical trainings

（（（（Beijing in China））））Technical trainings

（（（（Wuhan in China））））

� China organized several technical trainings for downstream

countries, sent 6 young experts to the MRC for a short-term work.

� The MRC expressed its gratitude for China’s help.

Inevitable Choice of Hydropower Development in

Lancang River based on the local survival and

development condition

� Based on scientific planning and adequate argumentation, six

hydropower stations, including Xiaowan, Nuozhadu and

Jinghong, have been constructed on the middle and lower

reaches of the Lancang River.

� And currently, the utilization rate of water resources of

Lancang River is only 3%, while that of hydraulic resources

about 50%.

Xiaowan

Nuozhadu Jinghong

Hydropower in Lancang river

Hydropower Development and the Regional


� With the scientific regulation, the long-term average flow of

Lancang River out of China could be increased by 70% in dry

season compared with that under the natural conditions, and

reduced by 30 % during the rainy season, helpful to flood control,

drought relief, water supply and navigation, and positively

contribute to the whole basin’s security of water, energy, and food

production .

� The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.

Dry Season Rainy Season

2010 2013

� For instance, the severe drought hit the Lancang River in the dry

season of 2013, similar impact scope and degree in 2010.



Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May

The Natural

The Real

� However, under the remarkable function of the Xiaowan

reservoir, the net discharge of the Jinghong hydropower was

increased by 7 billion m3, two-thirds more than that under the

natural conditions.

� This is the reason why the residents of the upper reaches of the

Mekong River did not feel the impact of the severe drought.



Sino-Thailand

Thai Prime Minister’s visit

to MWRChinese experts in Thailand

� China sent out two batches of flood experts to provide technical

consulting service on flood control and disaster relief, and assisted

in compilation of flood control planning, which all finally brought

the substantial benefits to Thai people.

Sino-Kazakhstan

Horgos River Friendship Joint Water Diversion Project

� In 2001, two countries signed an agreement and established a

Joint Steering Commission of trans-boundary river;

� Constructed in collaboration the Horgos River Friendship Joint

Water Diversion Project and the Sumbe River Water Diversion

Project to share the water resources of boundary rivers

Irtysh river Ili River

Sino-Kazakhstan

� Thanks to the commitment of China to rational development and

effective protection of trans-boundary rivers, the ecological

environment in Ili and Irtysh river basins has been kept in good

condition, and become the model of trans-boundary river

protection in Central Asia.

Sign the related agreement

Sino-Russia

� In 2008, two countries signed an agreement, and established a

Joint Steering Commission to facilitate the cooperation in fields

of utilization and protection of trans-boundary waters

Sino-Russia

� In 2013, a once-in-a-century flood occurred in the main stream

of downstream Amur River, a boundary river between China

and Russia.

� Both countries exchanged information in a timely, effective and

frank manner while operating controlling projects on both sides

to minimizing the loss.

Signed the MOU deal with emergencies of natural disasters

Sino-India� Provided India with hydrological information of the major trans-

boundary rivers in flood season;

� Established an expert-level mechanism on trans-border rivers in 2006;

� Signed a MOU on Strengthening Cooperation on Trans-border Rivers

in 2013;

� Deal with emergencies of natural disasters.

““““The Indian side appreciated the flood-season

hydrological data and the assistance in emergency

management provided by the Chinese side.

The two sides reiterated that they will promote and

enhance cooperation in this field. ””””

——The Sino-Indian Joint Communique

signed on 16th, Dec. 2010 in New Delhi

Sino-India

� The sections of trans-border rivers within China have basically been

kept in its natural conditions, and should be considered as the best

protected rivers in the world, making significant contributions to the

economic and social development, as well as the ecological and

environmental protection in India

Signed the MOU Field Visit to Yellow River

Sino-Viet Nam

� Agreements on exchanging hydrological information in flood

season of Yuanjiang-Red River and Zuojiang River were signed

respectively in 2002 and 2009.





Prospect

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Contents

China is willing to enhance the cooperation with the downstream

countries, to jointly cope with the water, energy and food security

challenges of the greater Mekong sub-region under changing climate.

� Continuous free supply of flood information to the downstream

Countries. Continue the technical training for the downstream

countries, and to share our successful experiences and

technologies

� Enhance cooperation with other trans-boundary rivers, such as

Orange river, Nile river, Danube river, etc.

Prospect

As the responsible country upstream, we will consider and

take care of the reasonable concerns of the downstream

countries.

We are willing to strengthen dialogue and exchanges on the

basis of mutual benefit, enhance mutual trust and promote

common development and prosperity of the basin and region,

so as to make Trans-boundary Rivers to be "the river of

peace, the river of cooperation and the river of friendship

between China and the relevant countries.

Thanks

Welcome to China

Transboundary rivers between China and neighboring countries

Science

Transcript of Transboundary rivers between China and neighboring countries