Traning Geothermal for Everyone: Geothermal Production and...

Traning Geothermal for Everyone:Geothermal Production and Utilization

By: Nenny SaptadjiInstitut Teknologi Bandung, Jln Ganesa 10 Bandung 40132

Bandung, March 5, 2013

Training “Geothermal for Everyone” – by Nenny Saptadji/ITB

Hidrothermal reservoirGeothermal drilling

Geothermal well testingGeothermal production and surface facilities

Geothermal power generation systemNon-electricity uttilization of geothermal energy

Hydrothermal Reservoirs: consists of heated water and/or steam stored in permeable rock at depths reachable by commercial drilling , typically less than 4 km (Subir K. Sanyal, 2005)

All generation of geothermal electricity to date is derived from hydrothermal system


Key Questions about Geothermal Reservoir

Reservoir pressure and temperature ?

Type of reservoir ? Depth of reservoir? Extent of the reservoir area? Rock type and properties ? Fluid properties? Conceptual Model?

Size of the resources (Heat stored) and reserve ?

Electricity potential? Feed Points? Well production potential? Changes in the reservoir due

to production ?


Stages of Geothermal Exploration and Development


Geothermal Drilling

(Source: Gatlin, 1960)


Geothermal Drilling: Drill String


Hoisting System(Fasilitas Pengangkat)

Derrick (menara bor) & substructure (tempat berdirinyamenara bor)


Casing & Cementing


http://4.bp.blogspot.com

Downhole Measurements

• Mechanicalrecording temperature & pressure gauges.

• Electronic ressure-temperature-spinner (PTS) instruments


Interpretation of Data from Downhole Measurements

To obtain information about:• Pressure and Temperature along the well.• Fluid type (liquid/vapor dominated, single-phase/two-phase)• Location of feed zones (depth)• Productivity Index • Resercoir characteristic around the well


Interpretation of data to obtain information about fluid type (liquid/vapor dominated, single-phase/two-phase)

Example:


Steam Table from Rogers and Mayhew (1980),

P (bar) Ts (oC)1 99.6

1.101325 1003 133.54 143.55 151.86 158.87 1658 170.89 175.4

10 179.915 198.3

P (bar) Ts (oC)20 212.430 233.834 240.936 244.238 247.340 250.342 253.244 25646 258.848 261.950 263.9

P (bar) Ts (oC)155 344.8165 349.8170 352.3180 357190 361.4200 365.7204 367.4208 369210 369.8220 373.7

221.2 374.15

Training “Geothermal for Everyone”– by Nenny Saptadji/ITB



Landaian P & T di sebuah sumur di WW mengindikasikan adanya steam zone diatas boiling zone dan zona air


Example:


Interpretation of data to obtain information about location of feed zones (depth) and Productivity Index


Integrated Analysis: An example(Nenny Saptadji, awal tahun 2000-an)


Integrated Analysis: an example(Nenny Saptadji, awal tahun 2000-an)


Production test: To obtain information about production capacity: mass flow, steam flow, fluid enthalpy at several well head pressure

Methods:1. Lip pressure method2. Calorimeter method3. Separator method


Lip Pressure Method – Vertical Discharge

Production test of steam wells : horizontal discharge


PRODUCTION FACILITIES AT VAPOR DOMINATED FIELD


Valves in a Geothermal Well

PRODUCTION FACILITIES AT WATER DOMINATED FIELD


Geothermal Energy for Electricity Generation


Direct steam cycle (siklus uap langsung) Larderello (Italy) since 100 years ago The Geyser (USA) since 1970’s Kamojang (Indonesia) since 1983 (26 years ago) Darajat (Indonesia) since 1994

Direct steam cycle (siklus uap langsung)

• Seperated cycle (siklus uap hasil pemisahan)– Wairakei (since 1958)– Lapangan Awibenkok – Salak (since 1994), – Wayang Windu, Lahendong, Dieng, Sibayak


• Water from the separator is reinjected back to the reservoir through brine injection wells.

• Condensate from cooling tower is reinjected back to the reservoir through condensate injection wells.

• Injection strategy: Water /condensate is reinjected at depth deeper than the reservoir. and far from the production wells

Nenny Saptadji, 2010

Figures captured from CalEnergy’s video


Single Flash Steam Cycle (Siklus Uap Hasil Penguapan)



Double Flash Steam Cycle



Binary Cycle



Combined Cycle

Source: Ormat Technologies, Inc.

NON-ELECTRICITY UTILIZATION OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY


Lindal Diagram


Non-electricity utilization of geothermal fluidPilot project di philiipina


Utilization of Geothermal Fluid For Rice Drying in Macedonia


NON-ELECTRICITY UTILIZATION OF GEOTHERMAL FLUIDPilot Project di Kamojang


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Traning Geothermal for Everyone: Geothermal Production and...

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