Training Safety Gas
-
Upload
jeanette-beukes -
Category
Documents
-
view
215 -
download
0
Transcript of Training Safety Gas
8/22/2019 Training Safety Gas
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/training-safety-gas 2/39
Gas SafetyLegal Compliance
OHSAct Vessels Under Pressure Regulation v/s Pressure Equipment RegulationsConstruction Regulation ANSI Z223.1SANS 10227 – Criteria for the operation of inspection authorities performing inspection i.t.o Pressure Equipment Regulations
SANS 347 – Categorisation and conformity assessment criteria for all pressure equipment in dangerous service
SANS 329 – Industrial thermoprocessing equipment. Safety requirements for combustion and fuel handling systemsMajor Hazardous InstallationOther
Air Quality BillEnvironmental & Pollution Acts
Gas Reticulation System (Suppl ier)
Main Transmission LineDistribution Lines (HP & LP)Pressure Reducing Station (PRS)Customer Metering Station (CMS)
Gas Reticulation System (Customer)Internal Line
Gas Train
Emergency Procedure
Commissioning Procedure
Operational Procedures
Start-up
Shut-down
8/22/2019 Training Safety Gas
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/training-safety-gas 3/39
Legal Compliance
• Section 7 – Health and Safety Policy
– Any employer may be directed in writing
– Category of employers may be directed by
notice in the Gazette (Problem!)
• to prepare a written policy concerning the
protection of the health and safety of his
employees at work
• Accompanied by guidelines – contents of the
policy
• Display copy(where?)
of the signed policy(By who?)
OHSAct
8/22/2019 Training Safety Gas
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/training-safety-gas 4/39
Legal Compliance
• Section 8 – General Duties of Employers
– Every employer shall provide and maintain as far as reasonably practicable aworking environment that is safe and without risk to the health of his employees
• Serverity and scope of the hazard or risk concerned
– do risk analysis
– SHE Plan
• State of knowledge reasonably available and any means to remove/mitigatethat hazard or risk
– SOP / SWP
– Toolbox sessions
– Safety Training
• Means to remove/mitigate the hazard or risk
– Engineering methods
– PPE / PPC
• The cost of removing/mitigating that hazard or risk in relation to the benefitsderiving therefrom
– Cost Analysis
OHSAct
8/22/2019 Training Safety Gas
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/training-safety-gas 5/39
Legal Compliance
• Section 8 – General Duties of Employers
– The matters to which the duties refer to include
• Maintenance of systems of work, plant and machinery
• Eliminate/mitigate any hazard or potential hazard before resorting to PPE
• Production, processing, use, handling, storage or transport of articles or substance
– Ensure safety when executing these duties
– Identify risks attached to these duties
– Establish precautionary measures• Provide information (section 13 – “Duty to inform), instructions, training and
supervision
• Prohibit working in areas where risk have been identified until correctiveactions have been taken
• Ensure compliance of the act by every person• Enforce matters concerning the health and safety
OHSAct
8/22/2019 Training Safety Gas
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/training-safety-gas 6/39
Legal Compliance
• Section 9 – General Duties of Employers – Ensure that other persons who may be affected by his activites are not exposed
to hazards
• Section 10 – General Duties of Manufactures – Any person who design, manufactures, imports, sells or supplies, erect or
supplies any article for use at work place shall ensure that it is safe and withoutrisks to health when properly used (How?)
– Undertaking in writing to take specified steps to ensure safe use – this will relievethe supplier from the duty imposed on him
OHSAct
8/22/2019 Training Safety Gas
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/training-safety-gas 7/39
Legal Compliance
• Section 14 – General Duties of Employees – Every employee should take reasonable care for the health and safety of himself
and other persons who may be affected by his acts or omissions
– Co-operate with employer in carrying out duties assigned to him – Carry out any lawful order given and obey the health and safety rules and
procedures laid down by his employer
– Report any unsafe or unhealthy situations as soon as possible to the employer or the health and safety rep.
– If involved in any incident which may affect his health and safety or hassustained injuries, he must report this to the employer not later than the end of the particular shift during which the incident happened
OHSAct
8/22/2019 Training Safety Gas
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/training-safety-gas 8/39
Legal Compliance
• Section 18 – Functions of Health and Safety Reps – Review the effectiveness of health and safety measures
• SOP / SOW
• SHE Plan• Health and Safety Policy
– Identify potential hazards and potential incidents
– Examine the causes of incidents
– Investigate complaints by employees to their health and safety
– Rep in the Health and Safety Committee and the inspector – Inspect the workplace with the view to the health and safety of employees at
specified intervals, with a prior notice to his intentions
– Participate in consultation with the inspector
– Visit the site of an incident and carry out investigations
– Inspect any document which the employer is required to keep i.t.o this act – Participate in internal health and safety audits
– The health and safety rep, shall not incur any civil liability by reason of the factonly that he failed to do anything which he may do or is required to do i.t.o thisact
OHSAct
8/22/2019 Training Safety Gas
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/training-safety-gas 9/39
Legal Compliance
• ‘gas fuel’ means any liquefied gas, coal produced gas or natural gas
• ‘gas fuel system’ means an assembly of tubes, pipes or similar ducts,
fittings and valves for the process and conveyance of a gas fuel, excludinga boiler, pressure vessel or portable gas container connected to the system
• ‘pressurised system’ means an assembly of vessels under pressure andincludes connections by pipes or similar ducts, fittings and valves whichoperate under gauge pressure equal to or greater than 40 000 pascal for
the process and conveyance of a flammable liquid, hazardous chemicalsubstance, saturated steam or superheated steam
• ‘vessels under pressure’ means a vessel which operates under pressureand includes a boiler, pressure vessel, pressurised system or portable gas
container
Vessels Under Pressure Reg
8/22/2019 Training Safety Gas
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/training-safety-gas 10/39
Legal Compliance
• Design, Construction and Manufacture
– designed and constructed in accordance with a health and safety standard (where?
Which?)
incorporated into these regulations in terms of section 44 of the Act – manufactured under the supervision of an approved inspection authority (AIA)(How? – SABS 0227 (SANS 10227); SANS 347)
– the user is in possession of a certificate of manufacture issued by themanufacturer
• Appurtenances
– pressure vessel must be provided with all the appurtenances as required by thehealth and safety standard used in the design, construction and manufacture (eg.SANS 329)
– fitted with at least one pressure gauge and the maximum operating pressureshall be indicated
– fitted with at least one safety valve (What’s a safety v/v?)
• Automatic controls and indicators – Automatic controls and indicators of vessels under pressure should be arranged,
installed, maintained and operated in accordance with the provisions of thehealth and safety standard (eg. gas train SANS 329)
• Access
– Vessels under pressure to be erected so that access to and exit from anychamber, flue, manhole, inspection opening, control or appurtenance is safe andunobstructed.
Vessels Under Pressure Reg
8/22/2019 Training Safety Gas
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/training-safety-gas 11/39
Legal Compliance
• Gas fuel Use, Equipment and SystemsNo person shall:
– handle, store or distribute a gas fuel in any manner other than in accordance with a
health and safety standard under section 44 of the Act – install a fixed appliance, equipment or system in accordance with a health and safety
standard incorporated under section 44 of the Act
– install a fixed appliance, equipment or system for gas fuel , unlesssuch person is a holder of a certificate of registration issued by anorganisation approved by the chief inspector (SAPGA)
• Inspection and test – pressure vessel including the appurtenances and automatic controls and
indicators, to be subjected to an internal and external inspection and a hydraulicpressure test to 1,25 times the maximum permissible operating pressure9 by an AIA; before commissioning; after installation, re-erection or repairs
9 by a person appointed in writing by the user and who is competent to do suchinspections and tests by virtue of their training, knowledge and experience in operation,maintenance, inspection & testing
Vessels Under Pressure Reg
8/22/2019 Training Safety Gas
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/training-safety-gas 12/39
Legal Compliance
• Record keeping – Any user of a vessel under pressure shall keep on the premises a record of the
results of all inspections, tests, modifications and repairs. Signed by the
competent person
• Maintenance – Pressure Vessels must be maintained in a safe working condition and the
efficiency thereof is proved by regular testing
– The equipment must be free from carbonised oil or flammable material which
may ignite; substance which may cause corrosion or liable to chemical reactionwhich cause an uncontrolled rise in pressure
• Modification and repair – to be carried out under the supervision of an approved inspection authority
– Any modifier or repairer shall issue a certificate clearly describing workperformed (always refer to the health and safety standard)
• Offences and Penalties – Anyone contravening or fails to comply, shall be guilty of offence and liable on
conviction to fine or imprisonment
Vessels Under Pressure Reg
8/22/2019 Training Safety Gas
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/training-safety-gas 13/39
Legal Compliance
• Notification of installation (permanent or temporary installations)
– Chief inspector, provincial director and relevant local gov. in writing
• Major hazard installation means an installation- – where more than the prescribed quantity of any substance is or may be kept,
whether permanently or temporarily; or
– where any substance is produced, processed, used, handled or stored in such a
form and quantity that it has the potential to cause a major incident;• Major incident means an occurrence of catastrophic proportions (How?), resulting fromthe use of plant or machinery, or from activities at a workplace;
Major Hazard Installation Regulations
8/22/2019 Training Safety Gas
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/training-safety-gas 14/39
6
Phoenix
Richardsbay
Pretoria
Benoni
Ressano Garcia
MPUMALANGA
GAUTENG
SWAZILAND
KWAZULU-NATAL
MAPUTO
MAGUDE
GAZA
INHAMBANE
MOAMBA
3
2
15
4
Avo ca
Sabie
Nigel
Guija
Maputo
Temane
Durban
Motaze
Mahele
ErmeloBethal
Alb erto n
Chokwe
Muabsa
Talofo
Jofane
Rosslyn
Chigubo
Verulam
Mandini
Panjane
Secunda
Witbank
BreytenLenasia
Springs
Meginge
Babelegi
HendrinaBadplaas
Malelane
Carolina
Meyerton
Componde
Empangeni
Barberton
Nelspruit
Volksrust
Ams terd am
Sasolburg
Lyttelton
Magandene
Camo-Camo
Rumbacaca
New Castle
Middelburg
Standerton
Vilanculos
Kemptonpark
Komatipoort
Vereeniging
Randfontein
Mabuiapanse
Produced by:
SASOL GAS GIS TEAM Alro deMarch 2005
SASOL GAS NETWORK
SASSEC Product Pipelines
Petronet Pipeline
MSP Transmission Gas PipelineLow Pressure Pipeline
High Pressure Pipeline
A
E
F
LEGEND
NO LOCATION X_COORD Y_COORD
SECUNDA - SSP START 29.15 -26.55
RANDFONTEIN - END 27.75 -26.13
BABELEGI - END 28.28 -25.34
SASOLBURG - END 27.83 -26.82
SECUNDA - PRODUCT LINES - START 29.15 -26.55
SASOLBURG - END 27.83 -26.82
SECUNDA - PPP START 29.14 -26.55
DURBAN - ALLIANCE PEROXIDE END 30.90 -30.03
TEMANE 35.06 -21.75
RESANO - TAKE OFF 32.00 -25.46
SECUNDA - MSP END 29.19 -26.55
SECUNDA - SWM START 29.15 -26.55
MIDDELBURG - END 29.50 -25.79
SASOLBURG - SEP - START 27.84 -26.82
LANGLAAGTE - SEP - END 27.98 -26.21
5
6
1
2
3
4
B
C
D
ADDRESS
A ALRODE DEPOT CNR CLARKE & GARFIELD, ALRODE
B NELSPRUIT DEPOT PTN 13 GRANITE HILL KAAPSCHEHOOP AVE
C MAPUTO BAIRRO TRIUMFO, 5A AVENIDA, RUA 4505, CASA 380
D PINETOWN SUZUKA RD PINETOWN
E PRETORIA DEPOT 117 INDUSTRIAL RD PRETORIA WES
F ARNOLD STR DEPOT ARNOLD STR ALRODE
DEPOTS
S l G T i i & Di t ib ti Pi li N t kR 5 0
N 1 7
N 17
ERMELO
DIEPDALE BETHALERMELO
8/22/2019 Training Safety Gas
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/training-safety-gas 15/39
Sasol Gas Transmission & Distribution Pipeline Network KwaZulu Natal
R74
R 6 1 4
R 3 4
R 3 3
N 2
R 6 6
R 6 0 3
N 3
R 6 2 2
M35
M 4
M37
M27
R 7 4
R 3 3
R 6 6
M 7
MANDINI
N 3
R 6 2 4
R5
6
R 3 3
N 2
R 3 4
N 2
R 7 4
R 1 0 2
N 2
N 2
R 1 0
2
AVOCA
NEWCASTLE
R 5 4
6
R 3 8
R 3 5
R 3 9
R 2 3
R 2 3
R 5 0 R
5 4 7
0
N 1 1
N 2
R 5 4 3
R 3 3
N 2
R 3 4
R 3 3
R 6 9
R 6 1 8
R 6 9
R 6 6
R618
R 6 6
R 6 2 1
R 68
R 6 0 2
R 3 3
R 6 8
R 34
N 1 1
R 1 0 3
R616
N3
R 1 0 3
R74
R 6 0
0R 1 0 3 N
3
N 3 R
1 0 3
R 6 1 7
R 6 1 2
EMBALENHLE
STANDERTON
VOLKSRUST
PAARDEKOP
AMERSFOORT
SIVUKILE
ERMELO
PIET RETIEF
DUMBE
VRYHEID
UTRECHT
DUNDEE
LADYSMITH
MOOI RIVER
GREYTOWN
SAINT LUCIA
MTUBATUBA
KWA MBONAMBI
ESHOWE ESIKHAWINI
GINGINDHLOVU
ONGOYE
ZINKWAZI BEACH
STANGER
BLYTHEDALE BEACH
TINLEY MANOR BEACH SHAKASKRAAL
MONA
DURBAN CATO RIDGE
PIETERMARITZBURG
UMNGENI
ESTCOURT
AMSTERDAM
SHEEPMOOR
MARTHINUS
SECUNDA
RICHARDS BAY
EMPANGENI
DURBAN
VERULAM
PHOENIX
STANDERTON
INGWAVUMA
UBOMBO
UBOMBO
NONGOMA
NGOTSHE (LOUWSBURG)
NKANDLAMSINGA
UNDERBERG (HIMEVILLE)
KLIPRIVIER (LADYSMITH)
ESHOWE
MAPUMULU
NDWEDWE
RICHMOND (KZN)
IXOPO
UMVOTI(GREYTOWN)
VRYHEID
HLABISA
LOWERUMFOLOZI (EMPANGENI
MTUNZINI
LOWERTUGELA (STANGER)
NEW HANOVER
MOOI RIVER
DUNDEE
WAKKERSTROOM
BABANANGO
NQUTU(VERULAM)
DANNHAUSER
KLIPRIVIER (LADYSMITH)
ESTCOURT
MAHLABATINI
ESHOWE
MTUNZINI
KRANSKOP
HLABISA
SIMDLANGENTSHA
PAULPIETERSBURG
BULWER
IMPENDHLE
UNDERBERG
RICHMOND
CREIGHTON
CORONATION
DIRKIESDORP
FORT NOTTINGHAM
OKHAHLAMBA
BALLITO
AMANZIMTOTI
PINETOWN
BOLATA
HIMEVILLE
WARTBURG
YORK
G S
8/22/2019 Training Safety Gas
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/training-safety-gas 16/39
Supplier’s Reticulation System
TRANSMISSION LINE
P = 125 bar
PRS
Poutlet = 625 kPa
TRANSMISSION LINE
P = 50 bar
CMS
Poutlet = 100 kPa
INTERNAL PIPELINE
Pinlet = 100 kPa
METHANE-RICH GAS
IS ENVIRONMENTALY
FRIENDLY
PPS
IN SECUNDA
CUMSTOMER’S
PREMISES
DISTRIBUTION
NETWORK
Keep
>40bar
Pop = 40 –
50 bar
HP – same trans
LP – 6.26 bar
Pop = 40 – 50 bar
Quality – Jacobs
Bamboo –
Prospecton
Athlone -
Umbongintwini
Transnet Pipelines
Supplier’sresponsibilityCustomer’sResponsibility
Gas Supply
SCADA S stem
8/22/2019 Training Safety Gas
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/training-safety-gas 17/39
SCADA System
SCADA System
8/22/2019 Training Safety Gas
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/training-safety-gas 18/39
SCADA System
S li ’ R ti l ti S t
8/22/2019 Training Safety Gas
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/training-safety-gas 19/39
CMS
Supplier’s Reticulation System
Components
• Safety shut off valve
• Filter
• Meter & Mercury Index
• Two regulators
• Emergency service shut
off valve• Pressure relief valve
• (Customer Valve)
S li ’ R ti l ti S t
8/22/2019 Training Safety Gas
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/training-safety-gas 20/39
Dispersion Model
Supplier’s Reticulation System
C t ’ R ti l ti S t
8/22/2019 Training Safety Gas
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/training-safety-gas 21/39
Customer’s Reticulation System
Steel • Steel: ASTM A 106 Grade B, seamless pipe
API 5L Grade B, seamless pipe
• Schedule 40 pipe
• Above ground pipelines - secured to structures• Welded joints are preferable to screwed joints
– Coded welder should be used
• Flanges can also be used
Underground
• Protect against corrosion• Apply insulating material around undergroundpipe
• Thin inner wrapping and thick outer wrappingshould be applied
• Bury pipe to depth of at least 1 meter
• Fine soil should be used to backfill around the
pipe
HDPE (High Density Polyethylene)• HDPE: PE 80 ; 50 yrs 8MPa ; P ≤ 5.5 bar
PE 100 ; 50 yrs 10MPa; P ≤ 7 bar
• Can only be used as buried pipes
• Minimum depth = 1 meter • Fine soil should be used to backfill around thepipe
Internal Line
C t ’ R ti l ti S t
8/22/2019 Training Safety Gas
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/training-safety-gas 22/39
Flexible hoses• Fixed clamps
– Screw joints – Flanged joints
• Wire brazed hoses
• Flexible tubing shall be compatible with the type of gas used andthey must be – As short as possible
– Suitable for maximum and minimum operating temperature
– Suitable for pressure 1.5 times maximum operating pressure(MOP), Have an accessible, upstream shut-off valve
– Be mounted in such a way as to avoid distortion, whiplash anddamage
– Have end fittings as integral parts of the tubing
Internal pipeline
Customer’s Reticulation System
C stomer’s Retic lation S stem
8/22/2019 Training Safety Gas
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/training-safety-gas 23/39
Manual isolation valves• Main shut off valve on the connecting flange of the customer meter station
• Valves should be at reachable height
• Good practice to install valves on branch lines in order not to interrupt of the wholeplant in the case of an emergency
Unconnected pipework • All unconnected live pipework shall be plugged, capped or blank flanged by a metallic
part
Marking • The pipework shall be easily identifiable as a gas pipework
• Where colour coding is used it shall be in compliance with SANS 10140-3
Testing • After assembling the gas reticulation system, it shall be tested for
– Leak tightness (e.g Foam generating liquids, pressure decay monitoring)
– Ability to withstand the internal test pressure of 1.5 times the MAOP, with anallowance made for ambient condition flactuations
– The frequency of testing shall be determined prior installation and it shall not beless than 36 months
Customer’s Reticulation System
Internal pipeline
Gas Spec
8/22/2019 Training Safety Gas
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/training-safety-gas 24/39
• Energy content @ P=101.325 kPa 0oC 15oC – Gross energy content MJ/m³ 35.97 34.05
– Net energy content MJ/m³ 32.35 30.69
• Density kg/m³ 0.75
• Relative density (RD) 0.58
• Wobbe index (WI) EC/√RD 47.23
• Lower explosive limit (LEL) % gas in air volume 5
• Higher explosive limit (LEL) % gas in air volume 15.7
• Auto ignition temperature ºC 630
• Theoretical flame temperature ºC 1925
• Stoichiometric air to gas ratio 8.57:1
• Sulphur mg/m³ ≤ 9
MRG
Gas Spec
Combustion
8/22/2019 Training Safety Gas
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/training-safety-gas 25/39
Auto Ignition Temp 1200° C
Combustion
700° C
15° C
Re-heat furnaces
Melting furnaces
Incinerators
Boilers
Baking ovens
Drying & Curing
ovens
( M e t h an eR
i c h G a s )
650° C
( N a t ur al G a s )
620° C
Fact file!
8/22/2019 Training Safety Gas
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/training-safety-gas 26/39
American Stats
• 50% during start-ups
• 40% during burner firing• 10% re-lighting after flameout
When do burners fail?
Fact file!
Combustion
8/22/2019 Training Safety Gas
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/training-safety-gas 27/39
• will include:
complete burner start / stop sequence, controls and flame supervision
• it will:
9 Verify proper conditions for combustion
9 Pre-purge any accumulated fuel
9 Sequence a controlled ignition
9 Monitor the combustion process
• it will:
9 Shut down on flame failure
9 Shut down on system interlock failure
9 De-energize on power failure
9 Monitor all burners
9Monitor operating parameters (P & T)
Properly designed combustion system
Combustion
Low flame
High flame
•Prove flame at
all times
•Confirm proper
conditions at all
times
Combustion
8/22/2019 Training Safety Gas
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/training-safety-gas 28/39
Prove all system interlocks
Purge combustion chamber
Trial for pilot ignition
Prove pilot flame
Power main fuel valves
Prove main flame
Interrupt pilot
Combustion System Operating Sequence
Combustion
Combustion
8/22/2019 Training Safety Gas
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/training-safety-gas 29/39
System Failures
Combustion
EXPLOSION
• Fuel leakage during shut-down• Loss of burner during operation without shut-down
• Re-lighting after flame out without prepurge
• Repeated piloting attempts without prepurge
• Poor air:fuel ratio control
• Unstable air or fuel supply
• Flame blow-off caused by excess mixture pressure
• Flame quenching caused by extreme excess air
• Defective or bypassed safety interlock
• Failure to shut-down burner if flame not present
• Mechanical or electrical failure• Human error
Combustion
8/22/2019 Training Safety Gas
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/training-safety-gas 30/39
System Failures
Combustion
EXPLOSION
Combustion
8/22/2019 Training Safety Gas
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/training-safety-gas 31/39
Combustion
Elements of combustion /
explosion
Fail Safe
Systems
Combustion
8/22/2019 Training Safety Gas
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/training-safety-gas 32/39
• The ultimate aim of safety is to have fail safe
equipment. This is achievable when correctsafety devices are used to:-
9detect flame,
9detect gas and air failure,9 response fail safe immediately
When a power failure occurs, the burner equipmentmust also be shut down to a fail safe position.
• After every failure the proper light-up sequence
should be adhered to.
Fail Safe Systems
Combustion
Combustion
8/22/2019 Training Safety Gas
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/training-safety-gas 33/39
CABLECONNECTION
CERAMIC INSULATOR
ELECTRODE
THREADED COUPLING
Fail Safe System – Flame Rod Property Sensed: Ionization in flame
Application: Gas flame
Placement: 1. Upper 2/3 of flame
2. Ground ratio 4:1
Advantages: 1. Low cost
2. Steady signal
Limitations: 1. Ambient temperature = 500° F
2. Furnace temperature = 2600° F
3. Low signal
4. Do not use with oil burners
5. Precise placement in nozzle mix burners
6. Must be kept clean
Combustion
Combustion
8/22/2019 Training Safety Gas
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/training-safety-gas 34/39
Fail Safe System – Flame Rod
Combustion
Flame Rod
C. CorrectB. No Ground Surface in Flame
X X
upper 2/3
of flame
Combustion
8/22/2019 Training Safety Gas
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/training-safety-gas 35/39
ELECTRICAL CONNECTION
VIEWING WINDOWOR MAGNIFYING LENS
COOLING AI
Fail Safe System – UV Scanner
Combustion
Property Sensed: Ultraviolet radiation
Application: Gas and oil flame
Placement: First 1/3 of flame
Advantages: 1. High output2. Signal can be magnified
Limitations: 1. Can detect ignition spark
2. Detector tube life limited
3. Temperature sensitive
4. Can fail in a conducting mode
5. Must have a clear sight path
Combustion
8/22/2019 Training Safety Gas
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/training-safety-gas 36/39
Fail Safe System – UV Scanner
Combustion
U.V. SCANNER
AS INLET
COMBUSTION AIR
first 1/3of flame
Combustion
8/22/2019 Training Safety Gas
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/training-safety-gas 37/39
Safety interlocks
Combustion
m
1 2
3
4
5 6
7
8
3
pilot gas vent
ain gas
1. Low gas pressure switch
2. High gas pressure switch3. Valve closed position switches4. Combustion air proving switch5. Burner low fire start switch6. System fan proving switch7. Exhaust fan proving switch
8. High temperature limi t switch9. Dampers open
9
Combustion
8/22/2019 Training Safety Gas
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/training-safety-gas 38/39
Burner Lighting
Combustion
Start
Purge
Low
High
Time
Purge
4 AirChanges
Combustion
Air Valve
Ignition
10seconds
Pilot valve open Main valve open
Flame must be
detected
Flame
Failure
Shutdown
in 1 sec
10seconds
Burner
Start
Signal
Low fire
proven
Safe Start
Check
Purge
Limits
Made
Safety!
8/22/2019 Training Safety Gas
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/training-safety-gas 39/39
• Do not take short cuts
• Do not disable any safety devices
• Use common sense when working with gas fired equipment
• Repair all gas leaks when detected
• Maintenance• …
• …
• …
• Safety is your responsibility!
Things to remember…
Safety!