Training of Trainers Site Specificity

of Rain Water Harvesting

Workshop Conducted By

Eureka Forbes Institute of EnvironmentFor

Maharashtra Centre for Entrepreneurship Development

Site Specificity based on surface available for Harvesting

• Roof top rain water

• Paved surface rain water

• Open surface rain water

Usage --- Immediately …during rainy season

Site Specificity based on Usage of harvested water

Usage --- At a later date …

Site Specificity based on Usage of harvested water

None…

Site Specificity based on Device of Water Extraction

‘Use When Available’ / recharge*Benefit restricted to rainy season onlySurface harvestable … predominantly roof topWork involved –piping changes & filterIf later date benefit needed ---storage volume and hence cost becomes high.O & M …Tank Cleaning

*-no direct benefit

Well / Ring well

Site Specificity based on Device of Water Extraction

Benefit during & after rainy seasonSurface harvestable … roof top & other surfaces as well if proper filters appliedWork involved –piping changes & simple / two chamber filtersO & M … Filter cleaning

… Well Cleaning

Bore Well

Site Specificity based on Device of Water Extraction

Benefit during & after rainy seasonSurface harvestable … roof top & other surfaces as well if proper filters appliedWork involved - piping changes &

- Four Chambered / more complicated filtersO & M … Filter cleaning

… Well Cleaning

Slopes towards Recharge / storage device

Site Specificity based on Site Slopes

Benefit --- Ease of collection

Cost … Less

Slopes away from Recharge / storage device

Site Specificity based on Site Slopes

Problem --- Difficult to collect

Cost … High … if extreme slopes…then pumping may be needed

If other site conditions are conducive …Recharge of ground or a deeper re-charge through a recharge bore-shaft can be applied

•Urban Areas….More of roofed and paved area

Site Specificity based on Site Location

Benefit comparative ease in availability of fundsSurface harvestable … roof tops & Paved surfaces

Cost … High due to higher paving-labour & material

•Rurban Areas…some open area

Site Specificity based on Site Location

Benefit simpler recharge possible due to open surface

Surface harvestable … roof tops, paved surfaces & open surfaces

Cost … Lesser cost as compared to metros …more need but

less available funds

•Rural Areas…Large open areas

Site Specificity based on Site Location

Benefit more space available for recharge due to open surface

Surface harvestable … open surfaces

Cost … Lesser cost – per capita – but usually a community

based system is needed …

Hardly any funds available with the users … Need for proper

funding and community mobilization

• Sandy flat terrain

Site Specificity based on Site Geo-morphology

Simple to recharge

extraction device - well/ Ring well

Techniques/ structures … Simple Recharge pits … Check dams work very well here

Cost … Least cost

• Muddy flat terrain

Site Specificity based on Site Geo-morphology

Simple to recharge

extraction device - Well/ bore well …if near creek - salty ground water

Techniques/ structures … Simple Recharge pits/well-bore well recharge – Check dams work very well here

Cost … Higher than that in sandy

• Clayey flat terrain

Site Specificity based on Site Geo-morphology

Difficult to recharge with shallow recharge structures

extraction device - Well/ bore well

Techniques/ structures … Deep Shaft Recharge well / bore well recharge Check dams work here

Cost … Higher than that in sandy / muddy areas

• grey/ brown/ red soil --- Gentle Slopes

Site Specificity based on Site Geo-morphology

Easy to intercept flows Simple CCTs, gully plugs nala bunds etc work well here

extraction device - Well/ bore well

Techniques/ structures … Deep Shaft Recharge well / bore well recharge

Cost … Higher than that in sandy / muddy areas

• Black soil --- Gentle Slopes

Site Specificity based on Site Geo-morphology

Easy to intercept flows … Usually no water scarcitySimple CCTs, gully plugs nala bunds etc work well here

extraction device - Well/ bore well

Techniques/ structures … ponds / Deep Shaft Recharge well / bore well recharge

Cost … Higher than that in sandy / muddy areas

• grey/ red /brown soil --- steep Slopes

Site Specificity based on Site Geo-morphology

Difficult to intercept flows … Usually summer time water scarcity

Simple CCTs, gully plugs nala bunds etc DO NOT WORK HERE

extraction device - Well/ bore well

Techniques/ structures … Bunds/ ponds / Deep Shaft Recharge /well / bore well recharge

Cost … Higher than that in flat/ gentle slope areas

• grey/ red /brown soil --- steep rocky Slopes

Site Specificity based on Site Geo-morphology

Very Difficult to intercept flows … Invariably summer time water scarcity

Simple CCTs, gully plugs nala bunds etc DO NOT WORK HERE

extraction device – Wells …springs

Techniques/ structures … KT Bunds/ ponds / Deep Shaft Recharge /well / bore well recharge

Cost … Very High due to geology and slopes

• Heavy rain fall

Site Specificity based on Rain Fall

Difficult to retain maximum available water

Water availability is usually not a limiting factor …topography is …as most of such areas are sloping

Costly structures

• Low rain fall

Site Specificity based on Rain Fall

Easy to retain maximum available water

Water availability is usually a limiting factor …topography is usually conducive for recharge as these tend to be flatter or gentle slope areas

Simpler structures

• MIDC / GIDC areas

Site Specificity based on Regulations

Wells/ bore wells not permitted