Training Material_WCDMA Radio Network Planning Principles and Workflow
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Transcript of Training Material_WCDMA Radio Network Planning Principles and Workflow
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ContentsContentsContentsContents
WCDMA Radio Network Planning
Principles
WCDMA Radio Network Planning
Workflow
WCDMA Radio Network Planning
Strategy and Guidelines
WCDMA Radio Network Planning
Solution for Typical Scenarios
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Frequ
ency
Time
Power
Frequ
ency
Time
Power
Frequ
ency
Time
Power
FDMA
TDMA
CDMA
FDMA Traffic channels allocated to different usersin different frequency band, e.g, TACS, AMPS.
TDMA Traffic channels allocated to different usersin different time, e.g, GSM, DAMPS.
CDMA All users access the traffic channels at thesame time and frequency, using different
channel code, e.g.,WCDMA, CDMA.
Multiple Access Technology
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Self-interference of WCDMA SystemSelf-interference of WCDMA System
3x3 reuse of cell
f1
f1f2 f2f3
f1
f1f3
f2f1f3
f1f3f2
f2f1f3
f3f2
f3f2
FDMA / TDMA
f1
f1f1 f1f
1f1
f1f1f1f1
f1
f1f1f1
f1f1
f1
f1f1
f1f1
WCDMAWCDMA system is self-
interfered Source of self-interferenceSharing frequency spectrum, multi-
path transmission spreading codeand scrambling code not ideally
orthogonal, not ideal planning
Self-interference phenomenonPower rise, soft capacity
Solution
Power control, admission control,
load control, fine planning
The target of WCDMA network planning is
to minimize the system interference
through a reasonable method
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46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
user number
TxPower
(dBm)
Power Rise
Common CH.Common CH.
2 users2 users
1 user1 user
3 users3 users
...
...
DL PWRDL PWR
UL noise rise increase
with user number non-
linearly
DL Node B power
increase with user
number non-linearly
User #
RTW
PofNodeB
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WCDMA Soft Capacity
interferenceinterference
WCDMA Soft Capacity Breathe effect of WCDMA cells
WCDMA system capacity decided by not only
hardware configuration, but also the system
interference level
In WCDMA system,
capacity coverage quality are coupled,
need a trade off during the planning
Cell breathe embodies the influence of cellload to cell coverage
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WCDMA System DL /UL Coverage and Capacity
135
140
145
150
155
160
1002003004005006007008009001000110012001300Load per sector [kbps]
Max.al l
owed
pathlos
s[dB]
Better
coverage
DLloadDLload
ULloadULload
Normally,
Coverage is UL limitedCapacity is DL limited
Capacity couples with coverageDL /UL coverage relationship decided by system load
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Power Control
Signal for one user is noise forothers. Power should becontrolled at a reasonable level tokeep good quality but not causeinterference to others.
Near far problem Signal from UEs near Node Bcan easily drown the signal ofUEs at the edge of cell.
Received power for all UEshould be kept at same level,
the noise in cell be optimized. Power control period is 0.66ms (1500 Hz)
De-spread
Near far effdct
Node B
De-spread
Power control
Node B
TPC isbasis
Tx PwrMinimized
Enhance systemcapacity
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Soft Handover
UE at cell edge can receivesignals from multiple cells Under control of RNC, UE can
receive information from severalcells, each DL use differentscrambling code
Softer handover Communication with two
cells of same Node B Soft handover
Communication with two ormore Node Bs
Hard handover (inter frequency) UE switch to different
frequency
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Multiple services supportedMultiple services supported
High speed data serviceHigh speed data service Asymmetric serviceAsymmetric service
Bearer service with high capacityBearer service with high capacity
and flexibilityand flexibility
Mixed servicesMixed services
Various of WCDMA Services
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UMTS UDD:
384 kb/s
Radius = 0.56R
UMTS LCD: 64
kb/s
Radius = 0.73R
UMTS Voice:
12.2 kb/s
Radius = 0.87R
UMTS Voice: 8 kb/s
Radius = R
UMTS LCD:
144 kb/s
Radius = 0.60RUMTS UDD:
64 kb/s
Radius = 0.78R
UMTS UDD:
144 kb/s
Radius = 0.64R
UMTS LCD:
384 kb/s
Radius = 0.49R
UMTS UDD:
384 kb/s
Radius = 0.56R
UMTS LCD: 64
kb/s
Radius = 0.73R
UMTS Voice:
12.2 kb/s
Radius = 0.87R
UMTS Voice: 8 kb/s
Radius = R
UMTS LCD:
144 kb/s
Radius = 0.60RUMTS UDD:
64 kb/s
Radius = 0.78R
UMTS UDD:
144 kb/s
Radius = 0.64R
UMTS LCD:
384 kb/s
Radius = 0.49R
UMTS LCD: 64
kb/s
Radius = 0.73R
UMTS Voice:
12.2 kb/s
Radius = 0.87R
UMTS Voice: 8 kb/s
Radius = R
UMTS LCD:
144 kb/s
Radius = 0.60RUMTS UDD:
64 kb/s
Radius = 0.78R
UMTS UDD:
144 kb/s
Radius = 0.64R
UMTS LCD:
384 kb/s
Radius = 0.49R
Different services withdifferent data rate, and
also different coverage
and capacity
Different services with
different data rate, and
also different coverage
and capacity
Different proportion and
mixture of services lead to
different system capacity.
Different proportion and
mixture of services lead to
different system capacity.
Challenges from Mixed Service
For WCDMA system, coverage,capacity, quality are tightly coupled
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To satisfy the requirements from operator on
coverage, capacity demand, and service quality, by
performing the network dimensioning, design andsimulation, so that the maximized benefits can be
gained from the network.
Network planning should have a prediction of
future development, and be ready for future
construction.
TasksTasks
as s an arge or e wor Planning
Achieves the good coverage to the most extent in
terms of time and location.
Minimize system self-interference to the most
extent so as to get the desired quality. Optimize radio parameters to get the best of
system performance.
With the precondition that capacity and quality
requirements are met, reduce the hardware
expenditure and system total cost.
TargetTarget
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ContentsContentsContentsContents
WCDMA Radio Network Planning
Principles
WCDMA Radio Network Planning
Workflow
WCDMA Radio Network Planning Strategy
and Guidelines
WCDMA Radio Network Planning Solution
for Typical Scenarios
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WCDMA network planning Flow
Requirement analysis
dimensioning
Pre-planning simulation
Site survey
Site evaluation
Topology design
simulation
Requirements satisfied
Output planning report
Propagation model test
Propagation model tuning
Parameter planning
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Flow Requirements Analysis
Coverage, capacity, QoS
Clutter of planning area
population and average income of planning
area
Existing mobile network in planning area
Planning requirementsPlanning requirements
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Flow Requirements Analysis
Area type Features
Dense urban Buildings are densely distributed with narrow distance, much of them arehigh buildings. Average height and density is higher than other areaobviously.
Mean urban Distance between buildings are wider, street or green land can be clearly seen
between buildings. Standalone high buildings may appear. Towns withdeveloped economy and much buildings are also treated as mean urban.
Suburban Open environment, clear layout of streets, plants and standalone houses areeasy to be found, sparse distribution of buildings, often low ones.
Rural Very sparse distribution of buildings, with large area of open land.
Aim accurate network design and layoutDifferent area has different geographical
environment, plant distribution, building
density, etc.
Different area needs different number of base
stations to provide desired coverage
Area classificationArea classification
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Different area with different coverage and servicerequirements
Different coverage and service requirements result
in different number of base stations
Coverage requirementsCoverage requirements64 k CS
144k PS data
384k PS data
Flow Requirements Analysis
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Subscriber prediction, distribution, traffic model
Capacity requirementsCapacity requirements
Flow Requirements Analysis
Data user
proportion
Dense
urban
Mean
urbansuburban
High end user
middle end user
Low end user
Total
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Increased cell load leads to shrunk cell
coverage and instable system.
Cell loadCell load
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0 10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
Loading
NoiseRi s
e
Stable
systemJ
usts
table
systemU
nstable
syste
m
Flow Requirements Analysis
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Important buildings in planning area
Important street and transportation in planning area
Important towns in planning area
Other informationOther information
Flow Requirements Analysis
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Addition of fast and slow fading
Tune the model using middle value of
received filed strength
Lee theorem: 36 50samples/40
Using limited test samples to predict the
propagation model of the whole planning area.
Flow Propagation Model Tuning
PrinciplesPrinciples
According to 3GPP suggestion, propagation
environment can be classified as dense urban,
mean urban, suburban and rural
Radio Environment
Classification
Radio Environment
Classification
Received power
Fast fading
Slow fading
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Test site should be in typical propagationenvironment
Use three or more sites for each typical
environment
Try to cover as much clutter as possible
No obstacle nearby is allowed. Test antenna
height should be approximate to real sites. Appropriate test route around test site.
Site selection for propagation model testSite selection for propagation model test
laptop
transmitt
er
receiver
antenna
Flow Propagation Model Tuning
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8style or spiral testroute
Grid of street
Test data in different distance and direction
At least 4~5 test data in each distance
Pass through as much clutter as possible
Try not to drive on special streets like highway
or viaduct
Avoid street effect
Route selectionRoute selection
Flow Propagation Model Tuning
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Lon/lat collected accords with digital map Avoid street effect
Enough samples for each clutter type Test radius should as large as possible, while keep
the weakest CPICH Ec at less than -120dBm middle speed, stable drive
Meets Lee theorem requirement Avoid repeat route as much as possible When car stopped, data record should be paused
Data collectionData collection Ensure the effective and even weight
of collected data
Filter by distance Filter by strength
Filter out street effect
Filter out apparently abnormal data
GPS correction
Test data pre-processTest data pre-process
Flow Propagation Model Tuning
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K1 attenuation constant
K2 distance attenuation constant
K3, K4 mobile antenna height correction
factor K5, K6 base station antenna height
correction factor
K7 Diffraction correction factor
Clutter loss clutter attenuation correction value
d distance of mobile and station (km)
Hms mobile antenna effective height (m)
Heff station antenna effective height (m)
Propagation model choicePropagation model choice
sClutterlosnlossdiffractioK
dHeffKHeffKHmsKHmsKdKKPathLoss
++
++
+++=
)(7
)log()log(6)log(5)log(43)log(21
Set default K1 K7 for test frequency, or values for similar clutter
Iterative tuning of model parameters according to bias between DT data and predicted data using the
tuning software
When mean and standard error of predicted data and DT data is minimized, the tuning is finished
Propagation model tuningPropagation model tuning
Flow Propagation Model Tuning
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Coverage estimation
Capacity estimation
Get number of base stations that satisfy
requirements on coverage, capacity, quality
DimensioningDimensioning
Flow Dimensioning
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Input:: system load and coverage
requirement
UL coverage
estimate
DL coverage
estimate
UL capacity
estimate
# of NodeB# of NodeB # of NodeB
Provided channel # B
Pick bigger one
Finish
Required channel # A
A
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Scale estimation caseScale estimation case
Step 1:Step 1:
Step 2:Step 2:
Step 4:Step 4:
Step 3:Step 3:
Flow Dimensioning
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Flowpre-planning simulation
Verify scale of estimation
Guideline for the topology design
Guideline for site survey and selection
purposepurpose
Existing site info.
propagation model
traffic model
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Get input for planning & simulation
Know about geographic and radio environment of
site
Know about conditions of civil work
Traffic distribution in planning area
Provide candidate sites in planning area
site surveysite survey
Flow site survey
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Flow site survey
Coverage, civil work, cost
Transportation, power supply, anti-lightning and grounding,
floor load, environment, room occupancy
At initial stage of rollout, not too much sites constructed, VIP
user area and dense traffic area should be covered first
Using existing sites as much as possible, equipment room,
power, and tower, etc., can be reused
Sites near radar station should be avoided, if must, interference
and safety should be considered
Sites on high mountain or jungles should be avoided
If site coverage is possible to be affected by future building,
better consider change another one
Site selection principlesSite selection principles
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Flow site survey
Different Node B has different performance, coverage capacity cost,
deploy scenario and installation condition, need composite planning
Sites with no
equipment room
Small capacity
Dense urban
Mean urban
Big capacityMiddle capacity
Mean urban
Hotspot
Suburban and rural
street
Indoor coverage
Indoor coverage
Suburban and rural
street
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Comparison of multiple plan by simulation
Simulation result gives a preferred planning
scheme
simulationsimulation
Flow simulation filtering
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Best server
coveragecoverage
Flow simulation filtering
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CPICH_Ec/Io
Flow simulation filtering
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CPICH_Ec
Flow simulation filtering
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The number of pilot polluters
Flow simulation filtering
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Voice service coverage rate
Service coverage
rate
Service coverage
rate
Flow simulation filtering
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Uplink Load
capacitycapacity
Flow simulation filtering
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simulation statisticssimulation statistics
Flow simulation filtering
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Flowparameter planning
Power allocation for DL channels
scrambling code planning
Handover parameter planning
Frequency allocation
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OutlineOutlineOutlineOutline
WCDMA Radio Network Planning
Principles
WCDMA Radio Network Planning
Workflow
WCDMA Radio Network Planning
Strategy and Guidelines
WCDMA Radio Network Planning Solution
for Typical Scenarios
Planning Strategy
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Planning Strategy
Ensure the global target of network planning
Holistic planning can reduce influence of expansion to running system
Reduce complexity, easy to construct and maintain
Holistic planningHolistic planning
For consideration of cost, its not feasible to provide full coverage in onestep
Firstly, coverage in important area is provided, later coverage depends ontraffic expansion and operation policy.
Implementation by
stages
Implementation bystages
Non-important area,
gradual coverageNon-important area,
gradual coverage
Important area,
One step coverageImportant area,
One step coverage
CoverageService
Cost
G d C K t S
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Good Coverage: Key to Success
NTT DoCoMo fulfilled coverage for 98% of national residents in 2years
3G subscriber increased rapidly since 2004, at end of 2005/9,
15,878k registered subscribers for FOMA service.
Good coverage including indoor coverage is important reasonfor the increase
Node12003/9 sub.
Beyond
1000k Node22004/2 sub.
Beyond2000k
NTT DoCoMo FOMANTT DoCoMo FOMA
2001/10 3G
launched inTokyo
2003/9 97%
resident
covered
2004/3 99.9%
resident covered
Resident coverage rate
3G launched in Japan
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Indoor Coverage 60 80% 3G subscriber indoor
3G indoor coverage disadvantage: compared with2G system, more than 6.6dB loss due to frequency
Indoor/outdoor influence: DL power increase up to
12% capacity decrease down to 13%
Outdoor coverage first at initial stage, indoorsystem for only important buildings
G d Eff ti CG d Eff ti C
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Good, Effective CoverageGood, Effective Coverage
Driven by traffic, classify target
coverage area
Classify plan area type according to
propagation model and traffic density
Different plan area has different
target of coverage
Make clear traffic coverage
requirement for different coverage
area
Effective Coverage
Principle
Effective Coverage
Principle
Voice 12.2 kbps Data 64 kbps Data 384 kbpsBTS
Continuous coverage for basic
service
Important area provide with high
speed service coverageCertain level of indoor coverage
Certain level of pilot strength and
quality for coverage area
Flexible usage of series of NodeBand coverage enhancing technology
Good Coverage
Principle
Good Coverage
Principle
Reasonable Traffic Prediction andReasonable Traffic Prediction and
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easo ab e a c ed ct o a d
Capacity DesignCapacity Design
Traffic map from statistics of current network, know about hotspot
distribution
According to design goal, predict traffic model
Differentiated system load design normally UL load 50 DL
load 75 for suburban and rural, load can be low down
Design combined with capacity expansion scheme
Capacity design principleCapacity design principle
Sit C t tiSite Constr ction
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Site ConstructionSite Construction
Similar height for sites in
same area, high site
avoided
Avoid circular layout of
sites, reduce pilot
pollution
Near hotspot
Re-use of old sites
Site selectionSite selection
Indoor macro 3 cell site to
provide coverage
framework
When hard to get indoor
resource, may use
outdoor, micro cell, RRU,etc
Special coverage
scenario uses series of
NodeB
Suburban and rural area,
OTSR, omni site also can
be used
Usage of coverage
enhancing technology
Configuration design
principle
Configuration design
principle
In urban area, suggested
antenna with 2 6 degree
fixed electrical down tilt or
electrical adjustable antenna.
65 degree beam width to
control interference
In open area like
suburban rural, mechanical
down tilt antenna
For special coverage demand,
may use zero-filled antenna or
beam-formed antenna
For highway coverage, may
use narrow beam width
antenna with high gain
Antenna selection
principle
Antenna selection
principle
C t C t lCost Control
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Cost ControlCost Control
WCDMAmodel
RNS, equipment and facilities,transmission contributes 85% ofinvestigation
Reduce RNS related cost is key tocost control
Key re-use current resource
According to traffic requirements,
determine coverage area and
coverage level, implement prioritized
coverage
Implement by stages
Flexible usage of series of NodeB
Coverage and capacity enhancing
technology
Cost control
principle
Cost control
principle
RNS
40%Facilities
30%
nsmission 15%
CN
10%
Service platform5%
Tool S pportTool Support
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Tool SupportTool Support
simulation
test
Analysis of test data
Omc data
analysis
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ContentsContentsContentsContents
WCDMA Radio Network Planning
Principles
WCDMA Radio Network Planning
Workflow
WCDMA Radio Network Planning Strategy
and Guidelines
WCDMA Radio Network Planning
Solution for Typical Scenarios
C St dCase Study
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Case StudyCase Study
Typical propagation environment includes:
Dense commercial areaDense residential area
Coastal area
viaduct
Main road
tunnel
Scenic spot
others
Dense Commercial
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Environment feature
High buildings all around, dense distribution of hotels and malls
Narrow street, surround with high buildings, obstacle to signal propagation, may cause street effect andforms overshoot of coverage
Concentrated traffic, high demand to capacity
coverage solution
Using macro site along street to provide coverage antenna main lobe has an angle with street directionto avoid street effect. High building acts as obstacle to avoid overshoot.
Using small power micro NodeB or RRU to provide coverage for blind area or hotspot
Area
Dense Residential AreaDense Residential Area
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Dense Residential AreaDense Residential Area
Environment feature
Not so high building (mainly 5-6 floor residential building), but very densely distributed.
Some streets belongs to trading area, large number of tradesman and local residents
Propagation environment very poor, big penetration loss, easy to appear coverage blind area
Coverage solution
Penetration loss and shadow fading margin values differs from other environments
When doing site survey, may use denser sites, and use coverage enhancing technology like TMA
For small poor coverage area, using micro station or RRU as complementary technology
High Building
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Environment feature
Height oddly distributed
High buildings are commonly malls or hotels, have certain traffic demands
Coverage solution
Indoor distribution system
Using hierarchical cell structure, use different outdoor antenna to provide coverage for higher and lower
part of building
g gCoverage
River CoverageRiver Coverage
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River CoverageRiver Coverage
Environment feature
open area ideal propagation environment for radio wave, easy to have pilot pollution.Subscriber sparsely distributed, and has mobility property
Coverage Solution
Sites deployed along river, may use high gain antenna or TMA
When necessary, use RRU along river to provide belt area coverage
Lake or Sea CoverageLake or Sea Coverage
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Environment feature
Open area ideal propagation environment, easy to form pilot pollution
Little traffic, coverage is main demand
Coverage solution
High outdoor site at shore, using high power and high gain antenna configuration
Use coverage enhancing technology like TMA
Lake or Sea CoverageLake or Sea Coverage
Subway or Tunnel CoverageSubway or Tunnel Coverage
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Environment feature
Enclosed room, long distance, continuous coverage needed
Coverage solution
May use solution as B09/ BBUA B03R distributed antenna
Distributed antenna system may use co-axis distributed antenna system or leakage cable
Tunnel has less capacity demand, using B03R + repeater to provide coverage with low cost
Subway or Tunnel CoverageSubway or Tunnel Coverage
Viaduct CoverageViaduct Coverage
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Environment feature
Long and narrow environment, with corners
Propagation environment above and below bridge differs a lot, easy to have blind coverage
Cars and subscribers distributed as belt, middle traffic demand, with high mobility
Coverage solution
Coverage with low antenna down tilt to avoid pilot pollution to other area
Use RRU or micro cell to compensate blind and weak coverage area
Viaduct CoverageViaduct Coverage
Arterial Road CoverageArterial Road Coverage
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Environment feature
Arterial includes railway and highway
Bending corner constrained by geographical factors
Small propagation loss, open land
Coverage solution
Comprehensive consideration of economy and feasibility, flexibly use macro, micro,
repeater or OTSR
Mainly use outdoor site and tower to construct faster and save cost.
Arterial Road CoverageArterial Road Coverage
Large Scenic Spot CoverageLarge Scenic Spot Coverage
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Environment feature
High demand for coverage, traffic varies with seasons, low revenue
with high cost
Hard to find sites
Coverage solution
Use B09/B09A at scenic area edge to provide wide coverage
Use B06C, B03R which are easy to be installed and has little room
requirement, to avoid affection to scene
Large Scenic Spot CoverageLarge Scenic Spot Coverage
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